Search

Introduction: Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of hydatid cysts, which are distributed worldwide. Nowadays, much research is being done to inactivate hydatid cyst protoscoleces. This study was conducted with the aim to compare the scolicidal effect of two chemical compounds 12 and 2 on hydatid cyst protoscoleces in vitro. Material & Methods: The scolicidal activity of two amini-hydrox-phenylcoumarin and amini-bromo-phenylcoumarin at concentrations of 1.2, 1.5, 1.10 and 1.100 after 15, 30 and 60 minutes of incubation was tested separately and each of the experiments was repeated three times. The viability of protoscoleces was checked with 0.1% eosin dye under a light microscope. Subsequently data were analyzed using GraphPad version 5 software and two-way repeated measures ANOVA and values (P > 0.05) was considered a significant level. Findings: The results of this study showed that the chemical compound aminibromophenylcoumarin at a concentration of 1.10 destroyed 100% of protoscoleces after 60 minutes of exposure compared to the control group, but amini-hydroxophenylcoumarin, at a concentration of 1.100 could destroy 98% of protoscolecia after 60 minutes of exposure. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that aminibromophenylcoumarin had stronger protoscolicidal effects than aminihydroxophenyl-coumarin. However, further studies and in vivo studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these chemical compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Epilepcy is a chronic neurological disease, and due to its complex mechanism, the current therapeutic drugs for it are not effective enough. It may have a non-neurological origin such as astrocytes and microglia. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of cabergoline and levetiracetam (alone or combined) on the histological and stereological structure of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure. Methods In this experimental study, samples were 30 female rats in five groups of control, seizure (PTZinduced kindling), seizure+levetiracetam, seizure+cabergoline, seizure+levetiracetam+cabergoline. Levetiracetam and cabergoline were used at 50 and 0.05 mg/kg doses, respectively, and half of these doses were used in the seizure+levetiracetam+cabergoline group. After anesthesia, animals’ brain tissue was removed and after preparing tissue slices, the number of neurons and neuroglia was examined using stereology technique. Results In the cerebral cortex and in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, the numbers of neurons and neuroglia in the treatment groups were not significantly different from those in the control group, but a significant decrease was observed in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in the seizure group compared to the control group. In dentate gyrus, the number of neurons in all treatment groups and the number of neuroglia in the seizure group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. In the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum, there was no significant change in the number of neurons compared to that in the control group. Conclusion The hippocampus is more involved in the occurrence of seizure activity than other parts of the brain. Neurons and neuroglia play an essential role in seizures, but more studies are needed for determining the relationship between the number of these cells and the use of cabergoline because their number decreases in different parts of the hippocampus following chronic seizures, where the relationship is different between dendrite gyrus and CA regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the stimulatory and protective effects of Methylphenidate (MPD) on the experimental epilepsy induced by intraperitoneal injection of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in adult male rats. Methods & Materials In this study, 15 male rats (weight, 200-250 gr) dividied into one control group (n=5) received normal saline and two treatment groups; the first group (n=5) received MPD with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the second group (n=5) received MPD with a dose of 5 mg/kg by gavage. After anesthesia with ketamine-xylazin combination and animal skull surgery, the recorded electrodes were inserted into the cranium in the stratum striatum layer of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and epileptic activity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg) and the epileptiform activity was evaluated in terms of the number of spikes per time unit and their amplitudes by eTrace software. Ethical Considerations This study with an ethics code of FVMT.REC.1397.67 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at University of Tabriz. Results Oral MPD at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg doses increased the number of spikes up to 576 and 613, respectively, compared to the control group (330 spikes), which were statistically significant. Amplitude of PTZinduced epileptic activity after treatment with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg MPD reached 1254 and 1085 respectively compared to control group (1051), which were not statistically significant. Conclusion The doses of oral MPD used in this study potentiate seizure activity. Therefore, the use of this drug in people with a background of seizure or suffering from some types of seizure should be cautious, and the evaluation of its effect in these patients need further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anxiety-like behaviors are evident during depression and can affect memory function. Many parameters such as oxidative stress can reduce the number of nerve cells and cell death and cause memory disorders. Hesperidin is a natural antioxidant and has a positive effect in treating depression and improving anxiety-like behaviors. However, nano carriers can cause an improvement in a shorter period of time. The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiety-like behaviors and the decrease in the number of nerve cells in the hippocampus tissue during depression and treatment with niosome hesperidin. Mmethods and Materials: In this study we used 36 adult wistar rats. Animals were divided into 6 control groups, depressed group, depression+ hesperidin group, hesperidin group, depression+niosome hesperidin group and hesperidin niosome group. All the injections were done intraperitoneally, then on days 7 and 14, an open filed test was performed to evaluate anxiety-like behavior. After sacrificing the animals, the brain hippocampal tissue was extracted and transferred to 15% formalin for histological examination. Result: The results of this study show that in the open-filed behavioral test, the duration of passing through the central part on days 7 and 14 in the depressed group was significantly reduced compared to the hesperidin group (p<0.001). On the 7th and 14th days, the duration of passing through the central part increased in the hesperidin group compared to other groups (p<0.001). In histological studies, it was observed that depression causes the death of nerve cells, while it was improved in the treatment group with niosome hesperidin. Conclusion: The results of this study show that depression causes anxiety-like behavior, a decrease in the number of nerve cells, and cell death, while niosome hesperidin improves anxiety-like behavior and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]