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The distinction between natural intelligence and artificial intelligence (AL) is one of the concerning issue of intelligence researchers. The creators of artificial intelligence are attempting to simulate the structure and function of the human brain in the light of the progress of neuroscience and cognitivism, as well as in the light of the theories proposed in the philosophy of mind with an emphasis on functionalist and behavioristic view. On the other hand, psychologists such as Ibn Sina(Avecina) have analyzed the differences between natural human intelligence and artificial intelligence in their philosophical psychology. The human soul, as the source of human intelligence and life, has various perceptive and stimulating capabilities regarded as the armies of the soul. The main question of the current research is what are the outstanding advantages of natural intelligence over artificial intelligence from Ibn Sina's point of view. In this research, efforts have been made to answer that in the light of the rational-analytical method. In the measurement between artificial intelligence and natural intelligence, there are three types of artificial intelligence, namely: weak, medium and strong. The results indicates the nine main differences between these two types of intelligence from Ibn Sina's point of view: creativity vs. innovation, compositional composition, detail orientation, focusing on a specific area of selfawareness, self-discovery, the internal evolution of natural intelligence, the power of narcissism, moralism, the power to remind and reminisce. Considering all the differences between artificial intelligence and human intelligence, it is appropriate to distinguish between the current state and the future state of artificial intelligence in terms of legal liability and torts law. According to the current situation, artificial intelligence lacks legal will and merely based onthe theory of legal instrumentalism can be emphasized. However with regard to the futuristic perspective of artificial intelligence, assuming the realization of the existing characteristics of the soul, it is possible to imagine such liability or tort law for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glamorizing a false behavior in the mind and vision of an individual is one of Satan's strategies to deceive and mislead us. The fundamental question is, what happens in the human cognitive system so that something ugly and unpleasant looks to them as beautiful, attractive and correct? The answer to this question should be sought in the stimulation of man's intrinsic faculties and the stimulation of his overwhelming emotions by Satan. The role of the two faculties of "estimation" and "imagination", one of which has a perceptive function and the other an acting function, is prominent. The estimation, as the king of animal powers, by conquering the creative faculty, plays the main role in glamorizing falsehood. Satan, as an external enemy, uses seven methods to deceive and seduce people, in all of which the two powers of estimation and imagination are abused. These seven methods are as follows: considering ostensible causes independent from the Real Cause, exciting emotions and feelings, stimulating desire and the sense of pleasure-seeking in human, justifying and making excuses for unworthy deeds, disrupting the cognitive system with sophistry and fallacy, taking advantage of psychological deficiencies and disorders, showing falsehood as insignificant. These techniques are also used by the external enemy in cognitive warfare. In this research, the role of the two forces of estimation and imagination in Satan's glamorization has been explored with a rational analytical method, analyzing the Quranic examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the connection between soul and body is one of the complex issues in psychology. Psychologists emphasize the two-way connection between the soul and the body. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze three types of links between the two in the Holy Quran: 1) the effect of the mental state on the physical state (spiritual-physical), 2) the effect of the physical state on the mental state (physicalspiritual), and 3) the effect of the mental state on another mental state (spiritual-spiritual). The verses indicating the connection between cognition and tears, the effect of sin on the face and appearance, hearing the divine verses and the trembling of the skin, and the relationship between the piety of the heart and lowering the voice, are among the signs of spiritual-physical connection. And the verses that emphasize the connection between crime and hardness of heart, and sin and rust of the heart, are a sign of physical-spiritual connection. The verses that express the connection between divine mercy and the softness of the heart, thoughtfulness, and the opening of the locks of the heart, refer to the spiritual-spiritual connection. The philosophical basis of these three types of mutual influence between the mental and physical states should be sought in the two theories of the soul’s ‘Spiritual temporarily and endurance’ and its ‘Physical temporarily and endurance’. In the present study, using the method of rational analysis, the verses related to each of the three types of links have been re-examined and their psychological foundations have been explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parapsychology, also known as the science of the paranormal, the science of spiritual abilities, or the science of the sixth sense, is a scientific study of the extraordinary actions and abilities of the mind that affect physical bodies without a direct contact. Parapsychological experiments involve extraordinary abilities such as out-of-body experiences, near-death experiences, hypnotism, telepathy, and the like. Experiments related to parapsychology have several characteristics: they are rare occurrences and do not fit within the usual experimental scientific laws; because they involve maffers beyond the senses. These experiments arise from the latent abilities within humans. On the other hand, when we review the Qur'an, we find some extraordinary phenomena and events that occurred to people who were not prophets, which cannot be classified as their miracles; such as the story of Asif bin Barkhiya, the sustenance of Virgine Mary in the sanctuary, and the inspiration to the mother of Prophet Moses, among others. In this article, we conduct a textual-analytical study of these mentioned phenomena in the Holy Qur'an, explore the underlying preconceptions behind these extraordinary phenomena, and study their psychological and spiritual causes and roots; to see the viewpoint of reason and tradition regarding the origins of these extraordinary events and their hidden and apparent sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Academic achievement is one of the indicators to which the capability of students to complete their program can be judged. To anticipate students’ academic achievement, one can use their attitude toward e-learning and self-regulation. This study aims to investigate the effect of elearning related attitude as well as self-regulation on academic achievement of students enrolled at Babel University of Medical Sciences. studying at. Method: This cross sectional study investigated 321 out of 3,400 students enrolled at Babol University of Medical Sciences using random stratified sampling method in year 2016-2017 ASK AUTHORS. To collect data, Valtonen E-learning questionnaires and Barnard self-regulation questionnaire were used. To analyze data, Smart-PLS and SPSS were employed. Results: E-learning related attitude had a significant impact on self-regulation and academic achievements. Result also indicated that self-regulation had a significant impact on academic achievement. Concerning study variables according to the year of entry, there was a significant difference between students in attitudes and self-regulation. Students in year four and higher received higher scores than other students. There was a significant difference between students’ attitude and self-regulation in terms of admission year, that is, the scores of senior students were higher than those of other students. Conclusion: Attitude to e-learning and self-regulation had a significant impact on the academic achievement. Students' positive attitudes to e-learning will help them to apply more self-regulation techniques during learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious pluralism is based on cognitive foundations and intellectual principles, as well as on social roots that should be focused on. Religious pluralism cannot be criticized and evaluated without taking these factors into consideration. These cognitive foundations are Kant>s theory, religious experience, philosophical hermeneutics, the history of religion, and the non-realism in religious language. There are also social reasons that have led to the emergence of religious pluralism, such as disputes, conflicts, and bloody wars between the followers of Christian denominations, especially between the followers of the Protestant denomination represented by Martin Luther and John Calvin, and the followers of Catholicism. It is noteworthy that the exclusive vision in Christianity played an important role in presenting the «theory of religious pluralism». The theory of religious pluralism suffers several problems; for it relies on Emmanuel Kant>s interpretations about the knowledge of reality (noumenon) and the appearance (phenomenon), which is a flawed foundation. It also suffers from a confusion between two levels of religious pluralism: the level of authenticity and truthfulness, and the social level and peaceful coexistence, and the falling into «relativism.» In this article, we have discussed the intellectual and social roots and foundations of religious pluralism, and then criticized and evaluated them according to the intellectual and logical standards in light of the rational-analytical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-daleel is the property of Al-Daleel Institute of Theological Research & Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relationship between science and religion is one of the important topics in the philosophy of religion. There are four theories on the explanation of this relationship: the theory of "contradiction between science and religion," the theory of "the differentiation of science and religion," the theory of "the intersection of science and religion," and the theory of "the marriage of science and religion." In this article, we shed light on the theory of the marriage of science and religion, and see that the relationship between them is a coordinate, complementary relationship. There is no doubt of the many intersections of science and religion; science has discovered the secrets of nature in the light of the development of natural and experimental sciences, revealing new dimensions of the scientific miracles of the definitive Religious Text. The development of modern natural sciences explains to us some of the wisdom hidden behind some of worship rituals. And among the services of religion to science is that Religion invites for contemplating and thinking thoroughly about cosmic facts, stimulating minds, and encouraging people to search and study the secrets of all things in the world of nature, and moreover, to offer secrets of natural sciences and open new horizons of knowledge for scientists and scholars that have not been preceded by any human science. The method followed in this article is the analytical rational method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education (20736452) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)