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Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Business Studies Journal / Maǧallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Māliyyaẗ wa Al-Tiǧāriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى تأثير مدخل الهندسة البشرية على تحسين مستوى الأداء الاستراتيجي للمؤسسات بالتطبيق على شركات الاتصالات في مصر ، ولتحقيق ذلك استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي للجزء الميداني والمنهج التحليلي للجزء النظري ، كما تم الاعتماد على مصدرين لجمع البيانات هما المصادر الأولية من خلال استخدام قائمة استقصاء والتي تم توجيهها إلى عينة الدراسة المتمثلة في العاملين بشركات الاتصالات في مصر (شركة أورنج مصر، شركة اتصالات ، شركة فودافون مصر، الشركة المصرية للاتصالات)؛ حيث بلغ حجم مفرداتها 384 مفردة ، والمصادر الثانوية والتي تم جمعها من المراجع المتعلقة بموضوع الدراسة ، ولقد توصلت الدراسة التطبيقية إلى وجود علاقة ارتباط طردي قوي ذات دلالة إحصائية بين إجمالي أبعاد الهندسة البشرية وإجمالي أبعاد الأداء الاستراتيجي بشركات الاتصالات في مصر؛ بمعنى أنه إذا زاد الاهتمام بتطبيق أبعاد الهندسة البشرية فإن ذلك سيؤدي إلى زيادة مستوى الأداء الاستراتيجي بشركات الاتصالات في مصر.الكلمات المفتاحية: الهندسة البشرية – الهندسة البشرية للأجزاء الصلبة (المادية) – الهندسة البشرية البيئية – الهندسة البشرية لتصميم العمل – الهندسة البشرية الإدراكية – الأداء الاستراتيجي – البعد المالي - بعد رضا العملاء- بعد العمليات الداخلية - بعد التعلم والنمو - البعد البيئي والمجتمعي – شركات الاتصالات في مصر. الكلمات المفتاحية: الهندسة البشرية – الهندسة البشرية للأجزاء الصلبة (المادية) – الهندسة البشرية البيئية – الهندسة البشرية لتصميم العمل – الهندسة البشرية الإدراكية – الأداء الاستراتيجي – البعد المالي - بعد رضا العملاء- بعد العمليات الداخلية - بعد التعلم والنمو - البعد البيئي والمجتمعي – شركات الاتصالات في مصر.

لم تكن الثورة التي حصلت في مصر عام 2011 لتحصل لولا وجود قاعدة جماهيرية كبيرة حرّكت الاحداث واخرجت مئات الآلاف من الشعب المصري ، بل وصل العدد الى الملايين في بعض الاحيان الى الشارع للتعبير عن سخطهم ومعارضتهم لنظام حكم الرئيس السابق محمد حسني مبارك . ونشير في هذا البحث الى الحركة الابرز والاكثر شعبية والتي كان لها الدور الاساسي في تحريك الشارع المصري وهي الحركة المصرية من اجل التغيير والتي عرفت اختصاراً بحركة – كفاية – باللهجة العامية المصرية , والبحث في تاريخ تلك الحركة من حيث النشأة والظهور ودورها في ابرز الاحداث التي وقعت في مصر في مدة الحركة والتي بدأت منذ 2004 واستمرت لغاية 2015 عندما صدر امر من الحكومة المصرية بالغاء تلك الجمعيات والحركات كافة التي لها دور سياسي بارز.

يختص البحث بمعركة من معارك التاريخ الإسلامي ولكنها لم تقع بين المسلمين وأعدائهم، بل وقعت بين طائفتينِ من المسلمين وهما الزنكيون والأيوبيون وهي معركة تل السلطان في سنة(571ه/1176م). إذ انتهت بتغيّر ميزان القوى بينهما، و كانت نتائجها أن أضحت الدولة الأيوبية ذات النفوذ الأقوى في بلاد الشام ومصر، في حين خسرت الدولة الزنكية نفوذها فيهما واقتصر نفوذها على الموصل وحلب والموصل والجزيرة الفراتية، وأصبح السلطان صلاح الدين الأيوبي يحكم مصر وبلاد الشام فضلاً عن اليمن، وكان الهدف من البحث معرفة رأي المؤرخين المسلمين في المعركة، فضلاً عن نقلهم لأحداثها. وقد يكون ذلك الاختلاف بسبب مواقف سياسية قائمة بين المؤرخ وطرفي المعركة سلبا أو ايجابا.

The research aims to measure the impact of education quality on sustainable economic development in Taiwan and Egypt, based on the multiple linear regression analysis method for the time period (2000-2023), in order to test the validity of the research hypothesis that there is a correlation and influence between education quality and sustainable economic development. The research results showed the importance of the explanatory variables (general enrollment rate in education, adult literacy rate, education spending ratio, and life expectancy rates) and the strength of their positive impact on the average per capita share of the gross domestic product in both Egypt and Taiwan, but the impact was stronger in Taiwan than in Egypt, which confirms the important role of education quality in achieving sustainable economic development in Taiwan. Therefore, the research recommends the necessity of reforming education systems in Egypt, by increasing spending on education, developing curricula and study programs, eliminating classroom density, and reforming the educational institution, in order to qualify and develop human cadres according to the requirements of the era and its developments, and in a way that achieves comprehensive economic development, to meet the desires of individuals and meet the needs of Egyptian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mağallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Tārīẖiyyaẗ wa Al-Ḥaḍāriyyaẗ Al-Miṣriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Species of the genus Sarcophaga have significant medical, veterinary, and forensic importance. They can act as mechanical carriers of enteropathogens in humans, cause myiasis in cattle, and aid in determining human remains and the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) in forensic cases. Therefore, accurate identification of flesh fly species is crucial. Despite their importance, adult Sarcophaga species are difficult to identify correctly due to their similar appearances, with species identification typically relying on the morphology of male genitalia. In this study, we conducted wing morphometric analysis on 92 flesh fly specimens, comprising 12 species from Egypt. Each specimen's right wing was removed, photographed, mounted on a microscope slide, and digitized using 19 landmarks. The study analyzed the wing shape variation among different subgenera and species through canonical variate analysis, which separated the subgenera into distinct groups with a high percentage of correct classification. The analysis also showed some overlaps in wing shape among species within each subgenus, and most comparisons resulted in a high percentage of correct classification, except for S. jacobsoni and S. mennae. The phylogenetic tree based on the wing morphology of species largely placed each species into its respective subgenus. Our findings suggest that wing shape can serve as a reliable tool for distinguishing between different subgenera and species of flesh flies. This research provides valuable insights into improving the identification process of these important insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal of Plant Protection is the property of Arab Society for Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

تم تسليط المادة العلمية على دراسة المساجد والجوامع في العصر الايوبي في مصر وبلاد الشام واهتمام الايوبيين بها لأهميتها الدينية باعتبارها اماكن للعبادة ولأهميتها السياسية في الدعوة الى الجهاد فضلا" عن كونها اماكن لإيواء الفقراء والمساكين والمسافرين والزهاد، ولقد تناول هذا البحث جهود الايوبيين في بناء عدد من المساجد والجوامع وذلك ايمانا لأهميتها، كما اهتموا بتجديد واعمار عدد اخر منها كانت مبنية في عهد الدولة الفاطمية. كما سلط الباحث الضوء على الجوامع التي بناها سلاطين وملوك ورجالات الدولة الايوبية في مصر وبلاد الشام كجامع أسد الدين شيركوه في حلب ومسجد نجم الدين ايوب في ظاهر باب النصر أحد ابواب القاهرة والجامع الجديد في دمشق وجامع القاضي الفاضل والمسجد الجامع بهاء الدين قراقوش في ظاهر مدينة القاهرة وجامع الجبل وجامع المصلى وجامع التوبة في ظاهر مدينة دمشق وجامع في الصالحية في دمشق. وتشير المصادر التاريخية ان ما شيد من مساجد في العصر الايوبي كان قليلاً للغاية، وربما لان الايوبيون قد استعاضوا عن بناء المساجد بتأسيس المدارس وهي مؤسسات دينية تعليمية تجمع بين وظيفة المسجد الدينية وبين وظيفة المدرسة التعليمية. كما وبين الباحث المساجد والجوامع التي تم تجديدها في العصر الايوبي التي كانت مبنية في العصر الفاطمي كجامع عمرو بن العاص (الجامع العتيق) في الفسطاط والجامع الاموي في دمشق وجامع ابن طولون في القاهرة.

انتقل خليل الوزير إلى مصر لإستكمال دراسته، وتزامن ذلك مع العدوان الثلاثي فساند مصر من خلال المشاركة في المقاومة الشعبية وعلى أثر مهاجمته اهداف إسرائيلية فقد مقعدة الجامعي، ثم سافر إلى السعودية للعمل مدرساً، بعد انتقاله إلى الكويت عام 1958 أتفق مع ياسر عرفات على تأسيس تنظيم سري بهدف تحرير فلسطين عبر الكفاح المسلح، وفي عام 1959 أنتقل إلى بيروت في تشرين الثاني عام 1959 بعد تكليفه لتحرير مجلة "فلسطينا".

تلعب بيئة العمل بمختلف متغيراتها دورا حيويا في استقرار العمل ورفع مستوى الإنتاجية وقد لاحظ الباحثون في علوم الإدارة وسلوكيات العمل، الدور الذي تقوم به المتغيرات الفردية للعاملين (العمر - المستوى التعليمي - سنوات الخبرة من التأثير على السمات الشخصية وسلوكيات العاملين في المؤسسات الشيء الذي لفت الانتباه نحو بيئة العمل متعددة الأجيال، لأنها تضم عددًا من الفئات الجيلية. وتتميز كل فئة عن الأخرى بسمات وخصائص مختلفة، مما يجعل هناك حتمية لحدوث توتر بالعلاقات ونشوب الصراعات ما لم تنتبه الإدارة بالمؤسسات إلى سرعة تبني الأسس والإستراتيجيات الملائمة لإدارة تلك الفئات الجيلية، الأمر الذي أثار فكرة الدراسة الحالية والتي ركزت على أن إدارة العاملين في بيئة العمل متعددة الأجيال من أهم العوامل المؤثرة على أداء المكتبة وإنتاجياتها. ومن ثم قيامها بدورها على الوجه المطلوب، فقد هدفت الدراسة إلى إدخال مفهوم إدارة بيئة العمل متعددة الأجيال multigenerational Workplace Management إلى المكتبات الجامعية من أجل إدارة الأجيال المختلفة من العاملين بها بشكل سليم، إذ تعد إدارة العاملين من الأجيال المختلفة بالمكتبات أمرًا حتميا يتطلب توفير إستراتيجية واضحة ووضع تصور لتطبيقها، بحيث تستطيع تلك المكتبات الاستفادة القصوى من التنوع الجيلي المتاح بها. وبناء علاقات جيدة بين أعضائها، مما ينتج عنه رفع الروح المعنوية ومن ثم تحسين الرضاالوظيفي لدى العاملين بالمكتبات محل الدراسة، مما يترتب عليه من رفع كفاءة الأداء لديهم. فضلا عن تحقيق أهداف المكتبة، وكذلك تحقيق رضا المستفيدين من هذه المكتبات [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Auditing (2314-4793) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shore crab, Cyclograpsus aff. integer (Subfamily Cyclograpsinae, Family Varunidae: Superfamily Grapsoidea), is recorded for the first time from the Egyptian Red Sea coasts and from the entire Red Sea. This species is a small-sized crab, lives in burrows at the upper intertidal zone of the sandy-mud and sandy bottom mixed with small pebbles. The diagnostic characters with illustrations distinguished it from other closely allied species were given. All information on crab habitat, color, diagnostic and morphological characters of this species were given and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the applicability of the technological determinism theory to media schools as social institutions pressured to adapt to the growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The study investigated students’ acceptance of AI in Egyptian media schools and compared its integration into curricula between public and private universities. Methodology: A longitudinal research design employing a survey instrument was used. The survey was administered in two rounds: •Round 1: Conducted in 2022, with 589 students participating. •Round 2: Conducted in 2024, with 179 students from the same sample population participating. Results: The study yielded the following key findings: • Statistically significant differences exist in the integration of AI into the curricula of public and private universities, favoring the latter. This trend showed a slight increase in the second round of the survey. • Variables associated with students’ acceptance of AI instruction include perceived usefulness, perceived easiness, and intention to use AI in both their current coursework and future professional careers. Conclusions: The study confirmed the acceptance of AI among Egyptian media students, and that Egyptian universities are introducing changes to incorporate AI into their curricula. This was found to be statistically significant in favor of private universities compared to public ones in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capturing macroeconomic data involves formulating a system that describes the joint behavior of several aggregate variables. Recursive structures became popular, with Sims (1980) forcefully reintroducing the idea after quarterly and monthly data began to be published. To summarize and describe the data, all variables were taken to depend on the lags of all variables. This system is known as Vector Autoregression (VAR). Restricted Standard-VAR (RSVAR) model is used for Egyptian economic to investigate the interactive relationships of macroeconomic variables, real gross domestic product, real total investment, real interest rate, foreign direct investment in dollars. To achieve the paper aims, quarter data through (2007q01 to 2023q04), about 68 observations, is used. Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) is used to test the unit root in time series data. All-time series not stationary at the level but at the first difference. Model order and identification is proceeded at 5% level of significant as Restricted SVAR(12) by the criterion; Sequential modified LR test statistic, Final Prediction Error (FPE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Schwarz Information Criterion (SC), Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQ). The empirical model's results verified that the GDP is affected by total investments for the 4th lag by about EGP 0.125 billion, the interest rate for 12th lag by about EGP (0.051) billion, and foreign direct investment by about EGP 0.311 billion. The results for the forecast during the fourth quarter of 2025, the value expected of the GDP about EGP 3803 billion, total investments about EGP 398 billion, and foreign direct investment about 1.81 billion dollars. Based on the results, policy makers should be encouraging total investments by leading interest rates, which leads to an increase in the value of GDP, stimulating GDP by encouraging and increasing net foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maize crop is one of the most important strategic grain crops in Egypt due to its economic and nutritional significance, with multiple uses in the country for both non-human and human consumption. Despite the increased area cultivated with maize in Egypt and the rising local production, domestic output does not meet consumption needs. According to statistics from the average period of 2017-2021, local production is approximately 7.32 million tons, while domestic consumption is estimated at around 17.079 million tons, distributed among several uses, including 11.888 million tons for non-human consumption and 2.329 million tons for human consumption. This research aims to measure the extent to which Egyptian demand for maize imports and local consumption are influenced by positively impactful variables, which will assist agricultural policymakers in making decisions that contribute to meeting the required import quantities. During the period from 2017 to 2021, the quantity of maize consumed in Egypt reached its lowest in 2007 at approximately 11.392 million tons and its highest in 2019 at around 18.322 million tons, with an average of about 14.393 million tons during this period. The quantity of Egyptian maize imports reached its lowest in 2008 at approximately 3.022 million tons, while it peaked in 2013 at about 13.034 million tons, with an average of around 7.396 million tons. The value of Egyptian maize imports was at its lowest in 2009 at approximately 836.599 million dollars and peaked in 2022 at around 2500.913 million dollars, with an average of about 1758.948 million dollars during the period. From 2018 to 2022, maize imports were primarily concentrated from Brazil, Argentina, and Ukraine, with the average quantity of Egyptian maize imports from these countries during the study period being approximately 7.397 million tons, accounting for 86.22% of the average quantity of Egyptian maize imports during this period. To identify the factors influencing the quantity of Egyptian maize imports, it was found that the most impactful variables include the Egyptian import price of maize in dollars per ton, the import price of maize from Brazil in dollars per ton, and the average per capita share of gross domestic product at current U.S. dollar prices. Additionally, the gap in maize supply and the quantity of maize for animal feed were significant factors. Meanwhile, the variables affecting Egyptian consumption of maize included the gap in maize supply in million tons, the quantity of maize consumed in the previous year in million tons, and the average per capita share of gross domestic product at current U.S. dollar prices. The economic and statistical significance of these variables was confirmed, as was the statistical significance of the mathematical model used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study had addressed the museum tourism in Egypt from point of view of geography, by monitoring charactaristics of the tourist supply of museums; as well as analyize the features of the tourist demand of museums. Methodology was based on the topical-regional approach and the quantative technique under a cartographic framework using the Arc-GIS and Excel; it also used a questionnaire to complete the unavailable data. The main results of the study are that: the museum supply is divided into three regions: the core (Cairo, Giza, and Alexandria), semi- peripheries (Luxor, Aswan, Sharkia, Port Said, Matroh, and al-Wadi al-Gadid) and peripheries (the rest of Egyptain governorates); the main demand of museum tourism is: the domestic market, Asian market and European market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the role of the Department of Moral Affairs in the Egyptian Armed Forces in shaping its mental image in the Egyptian public. The analytical descriptive curriculum (survey) was used through a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 400 individual armed forces public relations practitioners forming the .image, and the Egyptian public receiving the formative efforts :The study found results, the most important of which were A moral correlation between the armed forces' communications public relations activities and their public image. It also showed a correlation between the Department's communication strategies and social responsibility, and the public image of the armed forces. The findings indicated a correlation between moral performance and the impression of the armed forces' departments. It also showed a correlation between constraints affecting the performance of public relations and the level of service delivery, and social responsibility. Public impressions and intellectual image were found to vary partly according to the researchers' demographic variables. The study recommended that the role of moral affairs should be activated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab International Journal of Library & Information is the property of Arab Institution of Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

مطالعه حاضر در چارچوب پارادایم رئالیسیم مبتنی بر اقتصاد سیاسی بین‌الملل و با تأکید بر اهمیت مفهوم امنیت غذایی به دنبال پاسخگویی به این سؤال بوده که میزان تأثیرپذیری اقتصاد گندم در مصر از جنگ روسیه و اوکراین چگونه بوده است؟ این کار از طریق محاسبه و تحلیل شاخص‌های منتخب اقتصاد گندم (شکاف غذایی، خودکفایی و وابستگی به خارج) صورت گرفته است. باتوجه به ادامه روند افزایشی مصرف و کاهش تولید گندم در مصر، بررسی‌های آماری نشان می‌دهد میزان شکاف غذایی افزایش پیدا کرده، نسبت خودکفایی کاهش یافته و نسبت وابستگی به خارج از کشور افزایش قابل توجهی داشته است. دولت مصر بسته‌ای از اقدامات را برای کاهش فشار بحران به شهروندان خود طراحی کرده که از مهمترین آنها تشویق گندمکاران به تولید بیشتر از طریق افزایش قیمت خرید تضمینی و تکمیل سوله‌های استراتژیک و افزایش ظرفیت ذخیره‌سازی است. ادامه توسعه سطح زیرکشت غلات به ویژه گندم از طریق توسعه افقی، ادامه حمایت از مطالعات علمی و فنی مربوط به گندم به ویژه گونه‌های جدید، تنوع بخشی با بازارهای وارداتی و کاهش درصد تلفات گندم تولیدی و وارداتی از مهمترین پیشنهادهای مطالعه حاضر است.

Appropriation was undertaken for the imported architectural styles related to the Modern Movement when it was applied in its new urban Egyptian context. The mid 1920’s saw the rise of international Modern ideals, whereby the Pre-Modern period developed into full-flush Modernism, and lasted up till the 1960’s. Modernism, when introduced to the Egyptian context, was remodeled and appropriated to create a new identity. This paper aims at comparing Egyptian Modern pioneering examples to their Western counterpart, in order to define and point out local efforts to interpret and apply the Egyptian Modern early-examples, and to assess whether it was appropriation or otherwise. In order to attain these objectives, the paper firstly reviews at a glance the international Modern Movement; followed by the analysis of the Egyptian Modernism, displaying how local and global currents intersect. The case study in Egypt is formulated into two parts: on the urban level, by discussing the Nasr City historical development as the first urban decentralization attempt; second on the architectural level by studying the opposing polarity between local and global aspects of the Modernism development, and analysis of selected Modern Egyptian buildings. Upon examining Egyptian Modern architecture and its applications in its homeland, many differences and hence appropriation(s) could be traced and pointed out on a local level. Those could be due to the difference between the Western and Egyptian setting in terms of local and available materials, construction methods and skills, climatic conditions, culture pressures and needs. تم توفيق الأساليب المعمارية الاجنبية المتعلقة بحركة الحداثة بتطبيقها في سياقها الحضري المصري الجديد. شهدت فترة العشرينيات في القرن العشرين صعود المُثُل العالمية الحديثة، حيث تطورت فترة ما قبل الحداثة إلى حداثة صريحة، والتي استمرت حتى الستينيات. وعندما تم تقديم الحداثة إلى السياق المصري، تم إعادة تشكيلها وصياغتها لخلق هوية جديدة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى مقارنة الأمثلة المصرية الحديثة الرائدة مع نظيرتها الغربية، من أجل تحديد وإلاشارة إلى الجهود المحلية لتفسير وتطبيق الأمثلة المصرية الحديثة المبكرة، وتقييم ما إذا كان ذلك توفيق أم غير ذلك. ومن أجل تحقيق هذه الأهداف، يستعرض البحث أولاً لمحة سريعة عن الحركة العالمية الحديثة؛ يليه تحليل الحداثة المصرية، موضحًا كيفية تداخل التيارات المحلية والعالمية. تنقسم دراسة الحالة المصرية إلى قسمين: على المستوى الحضري، من خلال مناقشة التطور التاريخي لمدينة نصر كأول محاولة لتحقيق اللامركزية الحضرية؛ والثاني على المستوى المعماري من خلال دراسة التناقض بين الجوانب المحلية والعالمية لتطور الحداثة، وتحليل مباني مصرية حديثة مختارة. عند دراسة العمارة المصرية الحديثة وتطبيقاتها في وطنها، يمكن تتبع العديد من الاختلافات وبالتالي التخصيصات والإشارة إليها على المستوى المحلي. وقد يكون ذلك بسبب الاختلاف بين البيئة الغربية والمصرية من حيث المواد المحلية والمتاحة، وطرق ومهارات البناء، والظروف المناخية، والضغوط الثقافية والاحتياجات.

يتناول هذا البحث الحديث عن مدينة غزة بين الدعم المصري والسيادة الأشورية خلال النصف الثاني من القرن الثامن قبل الميلاد. فقد تمتعت مدينة غزة بأهمية كبيرة كونها تمثل النقطة الرئيسة بالنسبة للقوافل التي كانت تنقل البضائع من جنوب الجزيرة العربية والشرق إلى البحر المتوسط، وكانت بمثابة مركز توزيع هذه البضائع إلى سوريا ومنطقة آسيا الصغرى، وكذلك بمثابة حلقة الوصل بين مصر وفلسطين.. أى أنها حظيت بأهمية كبيرة باعتبارها المدينة الواقعة فى أقصى جنوب غرب فلسطين على الطريق المؤدى إلى مصر وأول مدينة يتم الوصول إليها بعد الخروج من الصحراء، فقد أصبحت هى نقطة تموين القوافل التجارية وإلى جانب أهميتها التجارية فقد تمتعت بأهمية استراتيجية وعسكرية. حيث أصبح موضوع السيطرة عليها موضع خلاف بين حكام كل من مصر وسوريا، وكان هذا التنافس حادًا وواضحًا بشكل خاص بين الملوك المصريين والآشوريين. أى أن غزة جمعت بين الأهمية التجارية والأهمية الحربية، وكانت مصر على إدراك تام لهذه الأهمية، ومن ثم فقد كانت تساندها وتدعمها، وفى الوقت نفسه تحرضها عندما تنشب فيها ثورات. وتم تذييل البحث بعدد من النتائج لعل أهمها:كان للموقع المتميز للمدن الفلسطينية والسورية بالإضافة إلى كونها تمثل منفذًا رئيسًا على طرق التجارة الخاصة بالقبائل العربية الجنوبية جعل مصر حريصة على مساندة ومساعدة هذه المدن فى صراعها ضد الأشوريين.كان الدافع الاقتصادي هو الأساس وراء تحرك الملوك الأشوريين للسيطرة على مدينة غزة، وذلك من أجل الوصول إلى السيادة الكاملة على الطرق التجارية العربية والتجارة المصرية دل على ذلك إقامة الملك تجلات بلاسر الثالث مركزًا تجاريًا (كارو) فى غزة.AbstractThis research deals with the talk about Gaza City between Egyptian support and Assyrian sovereignty during the second half of the eighth century BC. Gaza City enjoyed great importance as it represented the main point for the caravans that transported goods from the south of the Arabian Peninsula and the East to the Mediterranean, and it served as a distribution center for these goods to Syria and the Asia Minor region, as well as a link between Egypt and Palestine. That is, it was of great importance as the city located in the far southwest of Palestine on the road leading to Egypt and the first city to be reached after leaving the desert. It became a supply point for commercial convoys, and in addition to its commercial importance, it enjoyed strategic and military importance. The issue of control over it became a matter of dispute between the rulers of Egypt and Syria, and this rivalry was particularly sharp and clear between the Egyptian and Assyrian kings. That is, Gaza combined commercial importance with military importance, and Egypt was fully aware of this importance, and therefore it supported and supported it, and at the same time incited it when revolutions broke out there.The research was concluded with a number of results, perhaps the most important of which are:The distinguished location of the Palestinian and Syrian cities, in addition to, the fact that they represented a major outlet on the trade routes of the southern Arab tribes, made Egypt keen to support and assist these cities in their struggle against the Assyrians.The economic motive was the basis behind the move of the Assyrian kings to control the city of Gaza, in order to achieve full sovereignty over the Arab trade routes and Egyptian trade. This was evidenced by King Tiglath-pileser III’s establishment of a trading center (Karo) in Gaza.

تعد مسألة التحصيل الفعال للإيرادات الضريبية واحدة من أهم المشاكل التي تواجهها الحكومات، حيث أن الضرائب العامة هي المصدر الرئيسي لإيرادات الموازنة العامة، لذلك تحرص الحكومات على تعزيز حصيلتها الضريبية، وذلك بتقليل الفجوة الضريبية، التي هي عبارة عن الفرق بين ما ينبغي تحصيله من ضرائب والضرائب المحصلة فعلياً.وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم منهجية لتقدير الفجوة الضريبية وذلك بالوقوف على محددات هذه الفجوة المتمثلة في نسبة الاقتصاد غير الرسمي والإيرادات الضريبية الإجمالية والناتج المحلى الإجمالي، وذلك بعرض طرق تقدير هذه الفجوة وقياس العلاقة بين الفجوة الضريبية كمتغير تابع ونسبة الاقتصاد غير الرسمي والإيرادات الضريبية الإجمالية والناتج المحلى الإجمالي كمتغيرات مستقلة، وذلك بالاعتماد على المنهج القياسي.وانتهت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة معنوية طردية بين نسبة الاقتصاد غير الرسمي والإيرادات الضريبية الإجمالية كمتغيرات مستقلة والفجوة الضريبية كمتغير تابع، بينما لا توجد علاقة دالة معنوياً مع الناتج المحلى الإجمالي، وأن جهود الحكومات لتقليل نسبة الاقتصاد غير الرسمي ينعكس بالتأكيد على مستوى الحصيلة الضريبية، بما يمكن الدولة من تحقيق معدلات نمو اقتصادي مرتفعة، وأن زيادة حجم الفجوة الضريبية يعنى زيادة الفجوة بين إيرادات ونفقات الموازنة العامة.

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

جاءت الحاجة إلى إعداد هذه الدراسة التي تنتمي إلى واحد من أهم موضوعات علم المكتبات والمعلومات وهو موضوع الإدارة في المكتبات ومراكز المعلومات، بحيث تعنى هذه الدراسة بالوضع الإداري لنوعية معينة من العلاقات بين العاملين بالمكتبات الجامعية وهو: "إدارة علاقات القوى العاملة متعددة الأجيال Multigenerational workforce relations management ، لذلك فإن الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة الوضع الراهن للأساليب والإستراتيجيات المتبعة فعلياً في إدارة هذه النوعية من العلاقات، ومن ناحية أخرى دراسة الدور الذى يمكن أن تلعبه تكنولوجيا المعلومات كوسيلة مساعدة وداعمة في العملية الإدارية والتنظيمية لهذا النوع من العلاقات في مكان العمل [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Urban Research is the property of Journal of Urban Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study mainly aims to evaluate the economic investment in the projects of the six value rings of the broiler industry, and the results show that the investment efficiency indicators for the six value rings of the broiler farms, July - August 2023, showed that the value of the internal rate of return IRR, the benefit-to-cost ratio, net present wealth, and the speed of capital turnover for the broiler grandmothers ring reached about 55.6%, 1.38 LE, 52.10 million LE, 1.80 years respectively. While the share of feedlot broodstock is about 51.7%, 1.11 LE, 103.19 million LE, and 1.94 years, respectively, While for the feedlot ring, about 67.5%, 1.10 LE, and 64.89 million LE, 1.5 years, respectively. While for the feedlot hatchery ring, about 45.7%, 1.19 LE, 14.12 million LE, 2.2 years, respectively, While for the broiler feed ring, about 27%, 1.16 LE, 2.52 million LE, and 3.7 years, respectively. Finally, for the slaughterhouse ring in fattening houses, about 57.6%, 1.11 LE, 152.82 million LE, 1.7 years, respectively. The study recommends the need to pay attention to this sector and increase investment in it due to its high investment importance and its role in meeting the population’s needs for animal protein, and its role in reducing the unemployment rate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to measure the trend of agricultural foreign trade and its development during the period from 2000-2021, through: studying the development of the volume of agricultural exports and imports, as well as the agricultural trade balance and its relative importance, as well as measuring the impact of the change in the exchange rate on the volume of agricultural trade and its growth rates. The results showed that the following was confirmed. Significant from a statistical point of view, for the value variables of total exports, total imports, and total trade volume, as well as the deficit in the total trade balance, as well as the value of exports and imports, and the agricultural trade balance. The results also showed that a rise in the exchange rate against the Egyptian pound leads to a rise in the prices of imports of goods. Foreign products, which leads to a decrease in demand for them. As for the impact of the change in the exchange rate on the value of imports of the crops under study during the period (2000 - 2021), the following has been shown: With regard to the value of imports of maize, soybeans, and wheat, it has become clear that they increase by about 7.7, 17.4, and 6.5 pounds/dollar, respectively, during the period the study The study recommends the following: 1- Taking advantage of the decline in the value of the Egyptian pound to improve the competitiveness of Egyptian agricultural exports in foreign markets 2- Reviewing the current methodology for explaining differences in exchange rates and activating a more appropriate exchange system for the Egyptian economy in proportion to the available resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sheds light on the historical knowledge produced by the top-down history of violent rebellions. This top-down approach is not only flawed in methodological and objective terms, but entrenches elitist perceptions and judgments, is dominated by political and ideological biases, and marginalizes and marginalizes the action of important segments of the population. The article argues that reliance of historical writings on the history of power gives them a form of historical authority; therefore, the article calls for a review of this top-down approach through objectivity, in-depth reading "from below", and the presentation of alternative narratives. It focuses on three prominent examples from contemporary Egyptian history: the 1968 protests against Gamal Abdel Nasser; the 1977 Bread Riots against Anwar Sadat; and the 1986 Conscription Riot of Central Security Forces soldiers against Hosni Mubarak's regime. The article examines what has been written about these three rebellions from a critical perspective, revisiting questions that concern those who write and receive Egyptian history. It offers an opportunity to use the history to understand the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) is the property of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

يتناول المقال الذي كتبه جاري ليزر بعنوان «الحنابلة في مصر قبل عصر المماليك» حضور وتطور المذهب الحنبلي في مصر قبل العصر المملوكي. على الرغم من الاعتقاد السائد بأن الحنابلة كانوا غائبين أو غير مهمين في مصر قبل نهاية الدولة الأيوبية في عام 1249م، إلا أن ليزر يزعم أنهم كانوا حاضرين بالفعل، وإن كان بأعداد صغيرة وتأثير محدود. ويتتبع البحث وصول علماء الحنابلة الأوائل بعد وفاة أحمد بن حنبل بمدة وجيزة في عام 855م وأنشطتهم اللاحقة، في المقام الأول في مجال رواية وتدريس الحديث. ويسلط الضوء على الشخصيات الرئيسية ومساهماتها، والتحديات التي واجهتها بسبب المعارضة السياسية والدينية، والتأسيس التدريجي للمؤسسات الحنبلية. تقدم هذه المقالة فهمًا دقيقًا لتطور المذهب الحنبلي في مصر، وتقارن بين التأثير المبكر المحدود والوجود اللاحق الأكثر أهمية، والذي بلغ ذروته بتأسيس أول مدرسة حنبلية في عام 1243م.

إن البحث في تاريخ الأوبئة وأسباب وقوعها وانتشارها، ولا سيما عندما نلاحظ تكرار حدوث تلك الأوبئة على مرّ القرون الإسلامية، كفيل بتهيئة أدوات الوقاية من هذه الأوبئة في الوقت الحاضر والمستقبل، والحيلولة دون تكرار حدوثها، وقد شهدت مصر وبلاد الشام تفشّياً للعشرات من الأوبئة وتحديداً في المدّة مدار البـحث، وبعد التقصّي الدقيق في المصادر التاريخية اتّضح اجتماع العديد من الأسباب الصحّية والمناخية التي أدّت إلى حدوث تلك الأوبئة وانتشارها بشكل مباشر، فضلاً عن توفر أسباب اخرى ساهمت في وقوعها بصورة غير مباشرة، ومنها على سبيل المثال كثرة الحروب الدامية التي دارت رحاها على أراضي تلك الديار، وما نتج عنها من القتلى والمجاعات التي مهّدت السبل أمام دخول الأوبئة لمدن مصر والشام على حد سواء.

تناول البحث العلاقات الليبية- المصرية منذ استقلال ليبيا في 24 كانون الأول/ديسمبر 1951م إلى نهاية العهد الملكي في عام 1969م، وقد ركز البحث على طبيعة العلاقات بين البلدين والتي تتميز بعلاقات تكاملية ومتشابكة، وعلى الرغم من عدم موافقة الحكومة المصرية على مساعدة ليبيا إقتصادياً لسد عجز ميزانيتها عند استقلالها، إلا أنها لم تبخل في مد ليبيا بالمستشارين والموظفين والمعلمين بهدف جذب ليبيا إلى جانبها، كما حاولت التأثير على الرأي العام الليبي عن طريق إذاعة (صوت العرب)، لكن تبني الحكومة الليبية سياسة موالية للغرب أثار حفيظة المصريين، وعلى الرغم من موقف الحكومة الليبية المؤيدة والمساندة للقضايا المصرية، إلا أن مجرد وجود القواعد الأجنبية على أراضيها جعلها هدفاَ تلقائياً للاستفزازات المصرية. ومع ذلك كانت المملكة الليبية حريصة على تمتين علاقاتها مع مصر والحفاظ على استقلالية قرارها السياسي مع مجاملة الحكومة المصرية بدفع مساعدات مالية طائلة لها، وذلك بعد اكتشاف النفط في ليبيا بكميات تجارية هائلة.

ان مهمة المؤرخ خطيرة لیست بالأمر الهين، ولاسيما أن صاحبها تحليل للحوادث التاريخية فمن المؤرخين من يتصف بالموضوعية والأمانة والدقة، فيستقصي الكتابات التاريخية، ويحيط بها احاطه واعيه مدركه فيضع الأمور في نصابها الصحيح وبعضهم من يتأثر بالثقافات السائدة وبتوجهات فكريه معينة مما يعرض المادة التاريخية لخطر عدم الدقة والأمانة والانحراف عن منهجيه البحث التاريخي ويكون الضرر اشد ان كان للكاتب أو للمؤرخ منزله علمية لذا ولأهمية ذلك وقع الاختيار على أحد أبرز المؤرخين المصريين المحدثين والذي كان له نتاج متنوع وكبير في التاريخ الاسلامي عبد المنعم ماجد من أجل تقويم ما كتبه

The Current Study aimed to develop a Proposed Visualization for Universities of the Third Age (U3A) in Egypt in Light of the Experiences of South Korea and Poland, and in a Way that is Compatible with the Conditions and Culture of Egyptian Society. The Problem of the Study was identified in Egypt’s Ranking last in the Pillars and Indicators related to Adult Education and Learning, and the Weak Interest in that Type of Education, whether at the Application or Policy Level. The Study used George Bereday's Approach to Comparative Educational Studies, to identify the Features of Universities of the Third Age in both South Korea and Poland, which is compatible with the Nature and Objectives of the Study. The Study reached a Set of Results, the Most Important of which are: 1- The Social System for the Elderly in Egypt needs a Comprehensive Reconsideration of all its Aspects. 2- There are Obstacles that prevent the Elderly in Egypt from Benefiting from the Services provided to them by the State, the most Important of which are: Negativity and Indifference on the Part of the Elderly themselves, and the Tendency of many of them to withdraw away from Society. 3- The Diverse Educational needs of the Elderly in the Third Age Group can be met by Providing them with Equal Opportunities for Continuing Education, through Educational Institutions specialized in Providing Educational Services to this Category of Elderly People, especially those retired from Work. 4- The Success of the Experience of Establishing and Operating Universities of the Third Age in Egypt requires the Belief of the Senior Leadership in its Feasibility and the Facilitation of all means for its Success. 5- Universities of the Third Age in South Korea rely on the Philosophy of Lifelong Learning and continuity in Education. 6- Top Universities in South Korea are based on the “Well-Being Model.” 7- Universities of the Third Age in Poland seek to enable and support Lifelong Learning for Older People, and to educate Students in the Field of Social Aging. 8- Social Policy in Poland works to create the Conditions and develop the Necessary Policies for Living with Active Forms of Aging.In light of the South Korean and Polish Experiences in the Field of Universities of the Third Age, the Researcher was able to formulate a proposed Visualization for Universities of the Third Age in Egypt, in a Way that is compatible with the Conditions of Egyptian Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on civil-military relations in Egypt since 2013, examining measures the regime employs to achieve three objectives: controlling the military to prevent coups, thwarting political mobilization that could lead to popular uprisings akin to the January Revolution, and securing ongoing external support. The study concludes that these measures have brought about fundamental changes. Firstly, they have restructured the political regime towards a personalist regime led by one man, a close-knit elite, and loyalists. Secondly, they have threatened military unity with the emergence of parallel armed entities, notably Sinai's tribal union. Thirdly, they have undermined state sovereignty through expanding debts, selling state assets, and making other concessions to foreign backers. The analysis reveals that concessions granted to the military to ensure loyalty have also strengthened its independence, potentially paving the way for various scenarios if the presidential office becomes vacant or public discontent erupts due to mismanagement of state affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between economies and polities is one of vital importance to the outcome of the contemporary intensifying struggle between authoritarians and democrats. Investigating this relationship in Egypt is therefore of relevance for the world as a whole, increasingly divided as it is between countries with political economies informed by authoritarian or democratic models. This study will explore manifestations of that vital relationship in Egypt. It will commence by outlining the global and national contexts within which the economy operates, and both shape it and present challenges that must be met to achieve more rapid growth. How economic factors have contributed to the rise of Sisi's new authoritarianism will then be investigated. This will be followed by reversing that relationship, analyzing the economic consequences of the Sisi regime. Whether those consequences will better enable Egypt to compete economically, or will undermine its capacities to do so, is addressed in the fourth section. That is followed by an effort to answer the related question of what the key building blocks of a more successful economic strategy might be. In the conclusion scenarios of alternative futures of Egypt's political economy are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of the police apparatus in Egypt during the 2011 revolution and the subsequent counter-revolution following the 2013 coup. It begins by examining the relationships between the Military Council, President Mohamed Morsi, and the police apparatus. The study then explores how the Ministry of Interior and its security agencies reverted to their previous repressive practices, including extrajudicial killings and torture. The research highlights that the security apparatus remained fragmented, marked by overlapping authorities and a focus on resource competition rather than coordination. However, the existential threat posed by the 2011 revolution compelled the apparatus to unify against the tangible threat of popular unrest. Following 2013, the military, security and intelligence agencies furthered the suppression of opposition in various forms, largely evading accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]