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سابقه و هدف: اگرچه کنجد از دیرباز محصول مناطق گرم و خشک جنوب کشور بوده است اما ویژگی‌های زراعی مطلوب و همچنین صرفه اقتصادی زراعت آن به دلیل افزایش شدید قیمت کنجد در چند سال اخیر موجب اقبال برای توسعه کشت این محصول در نیمه شمالی کشور شده است. با این حال کنجد علیرغم داشتن پتانسیل بالا به دلایلی از جمله مدیریت ضعیف زراعی، تنش‌های محیطی و عدم استفاده از ارقام اصلاح شده از عملکرد پایینی برخوردار است. بنابراین ارقام اصلاح شده کنجد بویژه از نظر مقاومت به ریزش دانه در کنار مدیریت به‌زراعی صحیح شاید تنها گزینه موجود برای توسعه کشت کنجد در نقاط مختلف کشور باشد. بذر یک ژنوتیپ ناشکوفا کنجد (S29) در سال 1395 وارد کشور شد. بررسی‌های چند ساله در ارتباط با این ژنوتیپ موید مقاوم به ریزش بودن آن می‌باشد. با این حال در ارتباط با مدیریت زراعی این ژنوتیپ از جمله آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بهینه آن اطلاعاتی در اختیار نیست. به همین منظور آزمایش حاضر طراحی و اجرا گردید.مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش در مزارع پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران (ساری) و اردیبل (مغان) در سال‌های 1399 و 1400 اجرا شد. در این آزمایش اثر فاصله بین خطوط کشت30، 45 و 60 سانتی‌متری و فاصله بوته‌ها روی خطوط کشت 5، 8، 11 و 14 سانتی‌متری، با حداقل تراکم 12 بوته در مترمربع تا حداکثر تراکم 67 بوته در مترمربع، بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن ژنوتیپ ناشکوفا کنجد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در هر مکان، آزمایش به صورت بلوک‌های خرد شده (نواری) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد در هر دو منطقه بیشترین ارتفاع بوته از فاصله بین خطوط کاشت 45 سانتی‌متری و فاصله بین بوته هشت سانتی‌متری بدست آمد و افزایش تراکم تا 45 بوته در مترمربع موجب افزایش ارتفاع بوته شد اما بیشتر شدن تراکم، ارتفاع بوته را کاهش داد. از طرف دیگر با نزدیک شدن فاصله بین خطوط کاشت و بین بوته‌ها که مترادف با افزایش تراکم کاشت است از تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد کپسول در بوته و تعداد دانه در کپسول در هر دو منطقه کاسته شد. حداکثر عملکرد دانه در منطقه مغان به مقدار 1465 کیلوگرم در هکتار از آرایش کاشت 8×45 سانتی‌متر بدست آمد هرچند تفاوت معنی‌‌داری با عملکرد حاصله از آرایش کاشت 5×45 سانتی‌متر نداشت. این در حالی است که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در ساری به مقدار 824 کیلوگرم در هکتار از آرایش‌ کاشت 14×30 سانتی‌متر حاصل شد. نتایج بیانگر آن است که در هیچکدام از مناطق اجرای آزمایش، فاصله عریض بین خطوط کاشت (60 سانتی‌متر) بیشترین عملکرد دانه را حاصل نکرد. با مشتق‌گیری از تابع رگرسیونی عملکرد دانه، تراکم بهینه برای منطقه مغان 23 بوته در مترمربع و برای منطقه ساری 31 بوته در مترمربع برآورد شد.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که ژنوتیپ وارداتی ناشکوفا پتانسیل مطلوبی برای کشت در منطقه ساری ندارد به این دلیل که متوسط عملکرد و حتی حداکثر عملکرد آن در مقایسه با متوسط عملکرد منطقه پایین‌تر بود. در مقابل در منطقه مغان متوسط عملکرد این ژنوتیپ با متوسط عملکرد منطقه تقریبا برابری داشته و حداکثر عملکرد حاصله از این ژنوتیپ که از آرایش کاشت 8×45 سانتی‌متر بدست آمد تا 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار از متوسط عملکرد کنجد در منطقه مغان بیشتر بود. بنابراین این ژنوتیپ به دلیل عملکرد دانه مناسب و همچنین کاهش هزینه‌های زراعت آن ناشی از امکان برداشت مکانیزه پتانسیل مطلوبی برای کشت در این منطقه دارد.

سابقه و هدف: در ایران مشابه بسیاری دیگر از کشورهای تولیدکننده کنجد انبوهی از توده‌های محلی کنجد وجود دارد که هر یک به شرایط اقلیمی- خاکی ناحیه مورد تولید کم‌وبیش سازگاری دارند، ولی مناسب کشت در اراضی بزرگ و زراعت مکانیزه نیستند. در سال 1395 بذر یک ژنوتیپ کنجد مقاوم به ریزش دانه وارد کشور شد که به نظر می‌رسد می‌تواند در برنامه‌های توسعه کشت کنجد در کشور مثمرثمر باشد. با توجه به کمبود اطلاعات در ارتباط با مباحث به‌زراعی از جمله آرایش کاشت و تراکم مناسب این ژنوتیپ خاص کنجد به-ویژه در استان گلستان، این پژوهش اجرا گردید.مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت بلوک‌های خرد شده (نواری) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال 1399 و 1400 در مزارع پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان (گرگان) با طول جغرافیایی 54 درجه و 24 دقیقه و عرض جغرافیایی 36 درجه و 53 دقیقه و ارتفاع 5/5 متر از سطح دریا در اقلیم معتدل با تابستان‌های گرم و خشک اجرا شد. در این پژوهش اثر فاصله بین ردیف‌های 30، 45 و 60 سانتی‌متری (به عنوان کرت‌های اصلی) و فاصله بین بوته‌های 5، 8، 11 و 14 سانتی-متری (به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی) بر صفات مورفولوژیک، اجزاء عملکرد و عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن دانه ژنوتیپ کنجد مقاوم به ریزش دانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده ها به روش تجزیه مرکب با فرض اثر تصادفی سال و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS نسخه 4/9 انجام شد. برای مقایسه میانگین‌ اثرات اصلی از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال پنج درصد و در صورت معنی‌دار بودن اثر متقابل، برش‌دهی و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون LS-means انجام گرفت.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در سال اول، بلندترین بوته‌ها (193 سانتی‌متر) از آرایش کاشت 8×60 سانتی‌متر و در سال دوم (211 سانتی‌متر) از آرایش کاشت 11×30 سانتی‌متر حاصل شد. علاوه بر این افزایش تراکم کاشت از 10 به 35 بوته در مترمربع، 22 سانتی‌متر ارتفاع بوته را افزایش داد اما بیشتر شدن تراکم به دلیل افزایش شدت رقابت باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته شد. همچنین در سال اول بیشترین تعداد کپسول در بوته (201 عدد) از آرایش کاشت 14×60 سانتی‌متر و در سال دوم (169 عدد) از آرایش کاشت 11×60 سانتی‌متر حاصل شد. از طرف دیگر با نزدیک شدن فاصله بین ردیف‌ها و بین بوته‌ها که با افزایش تراکم کاشت همراه است از تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول و وزن هزار دانه کاسته شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل فاصله بین ردیف‌ها در فاصله بین بوته‌ها در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. حداکثر عملکرد دانه با رکورد 3025 کیلوگرم در هکتار از آرایش کاشت 11×30 سانتی‌متر بدست آمد. گرچه با افزایش تراکم، تعداد شاخه فرعی و اجزاء عملکرد کاهش پیدا کرد، اما این کاهش اجزای عملکرد در تک بوته با افزایش تعداد بوته در واحد سطح جبران شده و در تراکم 30 بوته در مترمربع، بیشترین عملکرد دانه بدست آمد. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن بود که با افزایش تراکم کاشت بیشتر از 30 بوته در مترمربع درصد روغن دانه کاهش یافت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که متوسط و حداکثر عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ مقاوم به ریزش در مقایسه با متوسط عملکرد کنجد در منطقه گرگان به ترتیب 3 و 4 برابر بیشتر بود. بنابراین با توجه به برداشت مکانیزه این ژنوتیپ و همچنین عملکرد دانه بالای آن، قابلیت توصیه کشت این ژنوتیپ کنجد در آرایش کاشت 11×30 سانتی‌متر و تراکم 30 بوته در مترمربع در منطقه گرگان وجود دارد.

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد دانه، روغن و برخی صفات زراعی ارقام کلزا تحت زمان آخرین آبیاری آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سه سال زراعی 1387، 1388 و 1389 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی زهک اجرا شد.آبیاری در شش سطح شامل (I1) آخرین آبیاری 5 روز پس از پایان گلدهی؛ (I2) آخرین آبیاری در 20 درصد باقی‌مانده گل روی بوته؛ (I3) آخرین آبیاری در شروع تغییر رنگ بذر در خورجین‌های ساقه اصلی؛ (I4) آخرین آبیاری در 50 درصد خورجین­دهی؛ (I5) آخرین آبیاری در 10 درصد تغییر رنگ بذر در خورجین‌های ساقه اصلی؛ و (I6) آخرین آبیاری در گلدهی، به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ارقام کلزا در سه سطح شامل (هیبرید هایولا 401، آرجی­اس 003 و ساری گل) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که اثر سال، بر همه صفات به‌جز ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد روغن معنی‌دار بود. زمان آخرین آبیاری و رقم بر عملکرد دانه، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار دانه، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد روغن اختلاف معنی‌داری نشان دادند. اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و روغن باافزایششدتتنشدر تیمار I6 نسبتبهشاهدکاهشیافتند. بالاترین عملکرد دانه و روغن به ترتیب (3340 و 1516 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار I1 به دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار I3 به ترتیب6 و 3 درصد افزایش داشت. در بین ارقام موردبررسی عملکرد دانه در هایولا 401 نسبت به ارجی اس و ساری گل 6/4 و 7/2 درصد افزایش داشت. کمترین عملکرد و درصد روغن به رقم ساری گل تعلق داشت. اثر متقابل آبیاری × رقم بر هیچ‌یک از صفات اندازه‌گیری شده اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. بر اساس نتایج می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که جهت حداکثر عملکرد دانه و روغن آخرین آبیاری در زراعت کلزا می‌تواند در 5 روز پس از پایان گلدهی و یا در شروع تغییر رنگ بذر در خورجین‌های ساقه اصلی در ارقام زودرس مانند هایولا 401 و آرجی اس 003 در منطقه سیستان و مناطق مشابه انجام گیرد.

Background and Objectives: Given that agriculture in Iran is the largest consumer of water resources, reducing water availability due to climate change is the most significant limiting factor for agricultural production. Therefore, increasing water productivity and optimising these limited water resources are essential. Considering the constraints on water resources, especially during the summer when sesame cultivation and growth occur in the country, it is necessary to conduct practical studies on optimal water use in sesame farming and the possibility of replacing native varieties and old cultivars with new ones. Hence, it is hypothesised that introducing sesame varieties and lines through reduced plant access to water (increasing irrigation intervals or accelerating irrigation cut-off at the end of the growth period) can achieve greater water use efficiency with minimal seed and oil yield losses. The present research was designed and implemented to address this hypothesis. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted over two years, 2022 and 2023, at the research farm of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, located in Alborz Province, Karaj. The experiment investigated the effect of irrigation intervals, including irrigation after consuming 40% (full irrigation) and 80% (deficit irrigation) of available soil moisture, and the timing of the last irrigation, including irrigation cut-off at the beginning of flowering, irrigation cutoff at the beginning of capsule formation, and irrigation cut-off during mid-capsule formation, on the yield, yield components, oil percentage, and water use efficiency of two sesame genotypes, Ultan and Sesame Line 2. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design (treatment of irrigation intervals as the main plot, the time of the last irrigation as the sub-plot and the genotype as the sub-sub-plot) within randomised complete blocks with three replications. Compound data analysis assuming the random effect of year and using the GLM procedure in SAS software was employed. To compare the means of main effects, LSD test (means statement) was conducted at a 5% significance level, and in case of significant interaction effects, slicing and comparison were performed using the lsmeans procedure (slice and pdiff statements). Results: Results showed that, in both genotypes, irrigation cut-off at the beginning of capsule formation compared to mid-capsule formation had no significant effect on the number of capsules per plant under full irrigation conditions. The results showed that under full irrigation conditions, there was no significant difference in grain yield between the two irrigation cut-off timings (early and mid-capsule formation). In other words, continuing irrigation after the early stage of capsule formation did not increase sesame grain yield. Additionally, results revealed that although the yield of both genotypes was approximately equal under full irrigation conditions (871 and 890 kg per hecta, respectively, in Oltan and Line 2), the yield of Line 2 was 51% higher than Ultan under deficit irrigation conditions. In Ultan, accelerating irrigation cut-off was accompanied by significantly reducing water use efficiency. In contrast, in Line 2, irrigation cutoff at the early stage of capsule formation not only did not decrease water use efficiency but also insignificantly increased it. In conclusion, it can be inferred that by substituting native masses and old varieties with new varieties and lines in sesame cultivation, savings in water consumption can be achieved, increasing water use efficiency in sesame farming while preventing yield reduction. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that in low irrigation conditions, postponing the time of cutting irrigation until the midcapsule formation and in full irrigation conditions, cutting off irrigation at the beginning of capsule formation can be a suitable management for sesame production. Also, the replacement of newer cultivars, including the line 2, can be effective in increasing the yield and efficiency of water consumption in sesame cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to select drought-tolerant hybrids, 18 new sunflower hybrids along with the ZARIN cultivar were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions in two experimental field stations (Gorgan and Gonbad) during the 2021-2022 cropping season. Based on yield (seed yield and oil yield) in non-stress (Yp) and drought stress (Ys), various stress tolerance indices such as stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), Stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL) were calculated. The results of the combined analysis indicated that the environmental effect justified the largest percentage of all data variations. Correlation analysis between drought tolerance indices with non-stressed and drought-stressed yields showed that HM, MP, GMP, and STI indices and especially STI index were recognized as the most suitable indices for selecting drought tolerant genotypes in sunflower. The correlation between oil yield under non-stressed and drought-stressed was significant at the 5% probability level. Three-dimensional diagrams based on STI index and yield in non-stress and drought stress conditions showed that H16, H10, H2, H4, and H1 hybrids had good performance in both non-stress and drought stress conditions and were selected as the most tolerant genotypes to drought stress. Therefore, these hybrids can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests in warm wet areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a decrease in student numbers, heightened competition among universities, and a shift in the student selection paradigm towards a professor-centric approach, the role of distinguished and respected professors in the success of universities and the attraction of talented students is on the rise. This research aims to identify the components influencing the personal brand of academic staff members. The research methodology is mixed exploratory. In the initial phase, employing qualitative thematic analysis, the components of the personal brand of faculty members were discerned through interviews with experts, and the thematic network was delineated. In the second phase of the research, a researcher-developed questionnaire was administered to 54 faculty members, and the impact of the identified components on the personal brand of faculty members was ranked. The research findings suggest that engagement with scientific social networks, intrinsic motivation, interpersonal relationships, scholarly publications, intelligence and talent, academic standing, rhetorical skills, personal knowledge, and teaching methodologies significantly influence the personal brand of university faculty members. In light of these findings, it is recommended that faculty members actively engage in online scientific networks and participate actively in scientific and industrial conferences by fostering interpersonal relationships. Moreover, through the enhancement of individual knowledge and the authorship of credible books and articles, and the development of expressive skills and the utilization of effective teaching strategies, they can elevate their personal brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Selection of soybean cultivars that have a higher grain yield under water deficit conditions, reduces the damage to soybean producers. Methods: The response of soybean genotypes to water deficit stress was investigated in terms of agricultural characteristics and grain yield in Karaj (Iran), during two years. The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications, with three irrigation levels (control, mild stress, and severe stress) based on 50, 100, and 150 mm evaporation from a Class A evaporation pan as the main plot and 10 soybean genotypes as the sub-plot. Results: The results showed that mild and severe stress caused the node number and inter-node to decrease in comparison with control irrigation. Under control irrigation, the highest grain yield (2585 kg/ha) was obtained from the earlymaturing Saba cultivar, with the highest seed number per unit area. The earlymaturing genotypes had the highest grain yield under control irrigation, and their grain yield decreased significantly with increasing stress intensity. The grain yield of the Saba cultivar reduced under mild and severe stress by 32 and 59% compared to control irrigation, respectively. Under stress conditions, the latematuring genotypes had the highest grain yield and water deficit stress caused a slight decrease in their grain yield. Under mild and severe stress, the late-maturing Williams×A3935 line had the highest grain yield and protein yield, respectively. Conclusion: Under control irrigation, the Saba cultivar, and under stress conditions (mild and severe) the Williams×A3935 line is recommended in Karaj and similar climates (moderately cold region). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the desirable nutritional profile of sesame and the appropriate adaptation of this crop to the country's climatic conditions, the cultivation of this crop is not given that attention compared to other oilseeds. Because of its highly variable seed yield further agronomic research and management strategies are critical to improve sesame quantitative and qualitative yield. Planting arrangements and planting density are the most important agronomic practices that need attention. In addition, like many other sesame-producing countries, Iran has numerous local sesame populations adapted to their respective production regions' climatic and soil conditions. However, these populations are not suitable for large-scale cultivation and mechanized farming. In 2016, a sesame genotype resistant to seed shattering was imported into the Iran suggesting its potential contribution to sesame cultivation programs in the country. Due to the lack of comprehensive information to answer the questions rose regarding the planting arrangement and suitable planting density of the imported shattering tolerant sesame genotypes, this research was planned and executed. Materials and Methods: Field experiments were conducted in Sistan and Baluchistan (Zabol) located at 61° 41' longitude and 30° 54' latitude, with an elevation of 492 meters above sea level and Kerman (Jiroft) located at 57° 51' longitude and 28° 32' latitude, with an elevation of 1100 meters above sea level provinces in 2021 and 2022. In this study, the effects of row spacing (30, 45, and 60 cm) and plant spacing (5, 8, 11, and 14 cm) were investigated on growth characteristics (plant height, number of sub-branches), seed yield, yield components, oil percentage and oil yield of a shattering tolerant sesame genotype. In each location, the experimental design was a randomized complete block design arranged in split blocks (strips) with three replications. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software (version 9.4), and Bartlett's test confirmed homogeneity in the variance of all studied traits. The mean values for both years were presented since the data were consistent. It is important to note that the data from each region were analyzed separately due to inconsistent variances between regions. Statistical significance was determined using an F-test, and protected LSD was used to separate the main effects when necessary. Furthermore, significant interaction effects were separated using the slicing method. Results and Discussion: The results showed that seed yield was not affected by experimental treatments in the Zabol region. In the Jiroft region, the results indicated that in all the treatments of plant spacing, cultivation in row spacing of 30 cm was significantly superior compared to other row spacing (45 and 60 cm). The maximum seed yield in this area (1430 kg ha-1) was obtained from the planting arrangement of 14 × 30 cm, which was 10 and 29% higher, compared to the same treatment in the row spacing of 45 and 60 cm, respectively. Also, the results indicate that the seed yield in Zabol did not show a specific reaction to the increase or decrease in density. In contrast, seed yield in the Jiraft region increased up to the density threshold of 33 plants per square meter, and after that, seed yield was reduced with a further increase in planting density. Conclusion: This research showed that the yield potential of the imported shattering tolerant sesame genotype in the Zabol region was lower than the average yield in this region. Therefore cultivation of this genotype in the Zabol region is not suitable. In the Jiroft region, the maximum seed yield obtained from this genotype was up to 300 kg ha-1, higher than the average yield of sesame in the Jiroft region. Therefore, the shattering tolerant genotype, especially in the 30 × 14 cm cultivation arrangement, has a good potential for cultivation in the Jiroft region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the genetic diversity of 158 foreign and iranian safflower genotypes with six Iranian safflower cultivars. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in the Augment design with three replications during the 2017-17 at Zahak Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in Zabol county. In this study, 158 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) along with six iranian safflower cultivars (Sofeh, Goldasht, Golmehr, Padideh, Faraman and Golmehrs) were evaluated as controls. Results: The results showed high genetic diversity in the germplasm. Among the phenologic traits, the highest range was observed in the number of days to bolls formation. For the days to the beginning of flowering and growth period duration, range was less. In principal components analysis (PCA), the first component was named grain yield and dry matter and the second component was named phenology. Based on the results of biplot, genotypes were classified into four groups. The first group includes late matutity and tall genotypes, the second group includes genotypes with high grain yield and harvest index (HI), the third group includes late matutity genotypes with low grain yield and the fourth group includes early matutity genotypes with lowest grain yield and HI. Genotype No. 100 with unknown origin (6044 kg.ha-1) had the highest grain yield and genotypes No. 153 (Mexico), 169 (Mexico), 134 (North Korea), 122 (Poland), 124 (unknown), 130 (unknown) and 131 (North Korea) had high grain yield. The orthogonal comparison of 20 Iranian genotypes versus 138 foreign genotypes showed that no difference was observed for plant height, but in terms of grain yield, biomass and harvest index, foreign genotypes were significantly higher than Iranian genotypes. Conclusion: Genetic diversity by different statistical analyzes was well able to differentiate safflower genotypes and can be used from grouping obtained from statistical methods for select appropriate parents genotypes in safflower breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Sesame is a low-expected and low-input crop among oilseed crops, which holds economic significance not only in subsistence agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran but also in terms of its agronomical characteristics. Shattering tolerant sesame genotypes are crucial for developing sesame cultivation in countries such as Iran. There is a lack of comprehensive information on crop management, including the optimal planting arrangement for imported shattering tolerant sesame genotypes. Therefore, this research was planned and executed to answer the questions regarding the proper planting arrangement of this genotype in two crucial sesame producing provinces, Khuzestan and Fars. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in the Khuzestan (Dezful) and Fars (Darab) Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center fields during 2019 and 2020. A split-block randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented at each location to investigate the effects of 30, 45, and 60 cm row spacing and 5, 8, 11, and 14 cm plant spacing on yield and yield components of shattering tolerant sesame genotypes. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software (version 9.4), and Bartlett's test confirmed homogeneity in the variance of all studied traits. The mean values for both years were presented since the data were consistent. It is important to note that the data from each region were analyzed separately due to inconsistent variances between regions. Statistical significance was determined using an F-test, and protected LSD was used to separate the main effects when necessary. Furthermore, significant interaction effects were separated using the slicing method. Results and Discussion The experiment results indicate that reducing the distance between rows and plants increased plant height in both locations. In Darab, increasing the row distance from 30 to 45 cm increased grain yield by 6%, while a further increase in distance to 60 cm decreased grain yield. The highest seed yield of 659 kg per hectare was obtained in Darab using a planting arrangement of 45x5 cm, and the lowest yield was observed with a 21% decrease in yield for the planting arrangement of 60x14 cm. In Dezful, the maximum seed yield of 684 kg per hectare was obtained with a planting arrangement of 45x11 cm. The study results showed that in both locations, the highest grain yields were achieved with a row distance of 45 cm, and the commonly used row distance of 60 cm did not produce the highest yield in either location. Additionally, in Darab, increasing planting density by up to 42 plants per square meter increased seed yield. In Dezful, the maximum seed yield was obtained at a density of 38 plants per square meter. Conclusion This research suggests that reducing the row distance while maintaining appropriate plant spacing can be a practical approach to achieving high sesame yields. Moreover, increasing plant density can lead to a certain extent of increase in grain yield. However, beyond a certain threshold, as the density further increases, yield decreases due to increased competition among plants. Thus, optimizing planting arrangements, including row and plant spacing, is essential to achieve maximum yields in sesame cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high potential of sesame production in the country, its yield and water use efficiency is low. Therefore, identifying genotypes with high grain yield, especially under drought stress conditions, is essential for developing this crop. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative response of 21 sesame genotypes to drought stress conditions at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, located in the semi-arid region of Iran, during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experiment was a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation treatments consisting of normal irrigation and drought stress were assigned to the main plots and the sesame genotypes (20 imported genotypes with one Iranian cultivar as a control) were allocated to the sub-plots. Dongeuy, Local 123, Hail 2 and Anthalya 1 genotypes were found as early maturing, Gynum 11, Kubarez 55, Uusu 1, Songhak, Hoechon 2, Dunae, Pachequero, Haibuk and Sunhua 1 genotypes as the medium maturing, Lao hong zhi ma, Bian gan, Bukbak, Margo, Amaliada, Jungkyung and Black chil sung genotypes as the late maturing and Oltan genotype as the very late maturing group. The Margo genotype showed the highest LAI (3.2), and Sunhua 1 genotype showed the lowest value (1.0). The results also revealed that drought stress decreased the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight by 35, 44 and 35%, respectively. On the other hand, drought stress caused a reduction in grain and dry matter yield in all genotypes. The Dongeuy genotype with 50% reduction and Songhak genotype with 26% reduction in grain yield showed the highest and lowest sufferings from drought stress, respectively. The Margo genotype produced the highest grain yield in both irrigation treatments (1531 and 1107 kg ha-1 under normal irrigation and drought stress treatments, respectively). In conclusion, the Songhak genotype was considered as one of the superior genotypes due to its shorter growing period, less grain yield loss under drought stress, and high oil yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Crop Production & Processing is the property of Isfahan University of Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Crops Improvement / Majallah-i Bih/zirā̒ī-i Kishāvarzī is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oleogelation (organogelation) is a novel method to structure edible oils. In the last decade, much research has been done in this case. Oleogelation provides the possibility to remove trans fatty acids and reduce saturated fatty acids in structured oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of oleogels from canola oil using ethylcellulose and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as oleogelator and surfactant, respectively. For this purpose, six different formulas of oleogels were prepared. The oleogels were made with 80 to 90% w/w oil, 7.5 to 20% w/w ethylcellulose and 0 to 5 % w/w PGPR. Atomic force microscopy was utilized to image the microstructure of oleogels.Images showed an increase in diameter of ethylcellulose strands by increasing ethylcellulose concentration. Decreases in diameter of ethylcellulose strands were observed upon PGPR addition.Fatty acid profile of the canola oil and its oleogels was analyzed by gas chromatography. Prepared oleogels were stored at two different conditions (ambient temperature and refrigerator), for 60 days. Peroxide and thiobarbitoric acid values of oleogels were determined after production and once every 30 days. Results showed no significant differences between fatty acid profile of canola oil and its oleogels. Oxidative stability of oleogels was improved by increasing ethylcellulose concentration. The oleogels stored at refrigerator had better shelf life than others at ambient temperature. Generally, by increasing ethylcellulose concentration from 10 to 20%, and adding PGPR, increase in gel strength and uniformity was observed which allows to use oleogels in texturized fats and margarine formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]