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زمینه و هدف: یکی از فاکتورهای مهم در بحث کنترل کیفیت آب پتانسیل خوردگی و رسوب­گذاری آن است. رسوب­گذاری در لوله­ها می­تواند باعث کاهش جریان آب در لوله­ها و مصرف انرژی بیشتر برای انتقال آب شود. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت خورندگی و رسوب‌گذاری آب در شبکه آب‌رسانی شهرستان ملکشاهی می‌باشد. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی در سال 1393 انجام شد. تعداد ۱۴۴ نمونه به منظور تعیین پتانسیل خوردگی و رسوب­گذاری منابع آب شهر ملکشاهی با استفاده از شاخص­های لانژلیه LSI))، رایزنر (RSI)، پوکوریوس (PSI) و تهاجمی (AI) و پارامترهای مختلف مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. یافته­ها: نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که اندیس لانژلیه (12/۰ ±) 5۴/۰-، اندیس رایزنر (۱۹/۰ ±) 63/۷ اندیس تهاجمی (۱۵/۰ ±) ۵۹/۱۱ و اندیس پوکوریوس (۱۳/۰ ±) ۴۴/۶ می‌باشد که نشان می‌دهد که آب‌ها تمایل به رسوب‌گذاری ندارند و خوردگی ملایمی دارند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که منابع تأمین آب شرب شهر ملکشاهی در شرایط خورندگی متوسط قرار دارد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود کنترل کیفیت آب صورت گیرد. همچنین خطوط لوله آب باید با روش‌های پیشگیری از خوردگی محافظت شوند.

Background and Objective: Identifying the quality of non-conventional waters and exploring their optimal utilization are fundamental measures for maintaining public health. This study aims to investigate the effluent quality of the irrigation canals in Pakdasht farms. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 120 samples were collected from 6 irrigation canals in Pakdasht fields over a period of 5 months. The physicochemical and microbial characteristics of the canal effluents were determined based on the standard methods of water and wastewater tests. The concentration of heavy metals was measured using an ICP device. To determine the possibility of using the effluent of Pakdasht canals for agricultural purposes, the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran and FAO standards were used. Results: The average concentrations of COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS, NO3-, SO4-2, PO4-3 parameters were 259, 125, 105, 697, 4.5, 94.4, 13.5 mg/L. Additionally, the average number of total and fecal coliforms in the effluent of the canals exceeded the standard values set by IRNDOE and FAO. The mean pH was 6.97, the electrical conductivity (EC) was 1014 μm/cm, and the turbidity was 76.2 NTU. The detected concentrations of heavy metals were awithin the following ranges: Cr (0.025-0.045 mg/L), Cd (0.0006-0.001 mg/L), Pb (0.0006-0.001 mg/L), Co (0.038-0.059 mg/L), and Ni (0.05-0.06 mg/L), which were roughly lower than the suggested standards. However, both HEI and WWQI indices confirmed that the water was unsuitable for agricultural irrigation. Conclusion: Based on the comparison of the results of the parameters measured in this study with the environmental and FAO standards, the effluent from the irrigation canals of Pakdasht city is deemed unsuitable for the irrigation of warm-season crops but suitable for fodder and industrial crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: In today's society, preparing healthy food has become challenging due to the variety of food production methods. Oil is produced in several ways in our country. In the cold pressing method, there is insufficient monitoring of the manufactured product. The aim of the present study is to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and the levels of heavy metals of industrial oil compared to cold-pressed oil. Materials and Methods: In this research, 54 samples of sunflower, sesame, and canola oil produced by both cold pressing and industrial refiningmethods were prepared. Their physicochemical characteristics, including refractive index, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, anisidine value, as well as the concentrations of lead, iron, arsenic and copper were determined. Additionally, the effect of storage time on these characteristics was investigated. Results: The Iodine number showed the highest deviation from the standard (61%), with an average of 136.70 gI/100g for the cold-pressed oil and 134.48 gI/100g for industrially refined oiland. The average value of the physicochemical characteristics, except for the saponification value, were higher in the cold-pressed oil samples compared to the industrially refined oil samples, but the observed difference was not statistically significant. An investigation into the effect of storage time on physicochemical properties revealed a significant increase in peroxide value (p<0.01) and anisidine (p <0.05) in both oil groups over a two-month period. The average concentration of arsenic, lead, iron and copper in the studied oils was 0.03, 0.78, 0.05 and 0.05 mg/kgoil, respectively. A deviation from the standard was observed only in one sample of cold-pressed sunflower oil, with an arsenic concentration of 0.11 mg/kgoil). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the refined industrial oils exhibited more favorable chemical characteristics and stability. It is suggested that cold-pressed oils should be consumed within a short period of time. For frying purposes, refined industrial oils are preferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]