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Introduction: In recent years, an outbreak of a new coronavirus, scientifically known as SARS-CoV-2, has led to a worldwide new infectious disease called Covid-19. Based on some reports, this virus stays after infection in the feces and consequently in the wastewater up to seven months, so examining its presence in the wastewater can be useful to understand how the disease is distributed in different parts of the city or region. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different parts of the Shahroud city wastewater collection network and treatment plant. Methods: The 35 wastewater samples were collected from different parts of the wastewater collection network and wastewater treatment plant of Shahroud city. The samples were immediately transferred to the SARS-CoV-2 reference laboratory and concentrated by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. After extraction of the virus genome, the viral genome was amplified to check the presence of this virus by PCR method. Results: The results showed that 11 of the 35 wastewater collected samples were positive. All samples taken from the influent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant were positive. Also, except for one, in all of the samples taken from the effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant and Imam Hossein (AS) Hospital wastewater plant, coronavirus was observed. However, only one sample taken from the wastewater collection network of Shahroud city was positive. Conclusion: Due to the confirmation of the presence of Coronavirus in the wastewater collection network and treatment plant, regular monitoring of municipal wastewater is recommended to predict the spread of a new wave of disease in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is usually one of the most common complaints of women in childbearing age that affects their quality of life and their social activity. Various methods have been mentioned to control and treat dysmenorrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the wheat germ extract intake and flexibility exercises on primary dysmenorrhea in non-athlete female students. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial in four groups including intervention groups (wheat germ, flexibility exercises, flexibility exercises with wheat germ) and control group with participating of 80 non-athlete female students from Shahrood University of Technology (shahrood, Iran). The training group participated in an 8-week flexibility-training program including abdominal, back, thigh and hamstring muscles stretching. They performed eight exercise four days a week for 8 weeks and each exercise included three repetitions lasting for 10 seconds. The wheat germ group consumed two 500 mg capsules of wheat germ daily from day 16 of the menstrual cycle until 5 days after the onset of menstruation for two consecutive months. The exercise group participated in both the flexibility exercise program and received a wheat germ supplement. While there was no intervention in the control group, they completed the menstrual disorders questionnaire only at the beginning and end of the work. Results:: Significant decrease was foynd in the mean systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in the wheat germ group from 16.10 to 8.55, in the exercise group from 14.20 to 7.55 and in the exercise group with wheat germ from 14.7 to 8.40. Pain intensity dysmenorrhea was decreased in the wheat germ group from 2.60 to 1.65, from 2.35 to 1.40 in the exercise group, and from from 2.45 to 1.50 after in the combind group. The severity of primary systemic symptoms and VAS for pain decreased in all intervention groups as compred with before intervention condition except the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion:: The results of the present study indicate the positive and similar effects of the wheat germ extract, flexibility exercises and flexibility exercises with wheat germ extract on systemic symptoms and pain intensity of primary dysmenorrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: Pregnancy is one of the enjoyable and evolutionary aspects of women's life, which is often associated with many stresses and concerns. Counseling is one of the most appropriate interventions to reduce concerns and increase the decision-making power of pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the effect of solution-focused group counseling on pregnant women's worries. Methods & Materials: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 108 pregnant women with gestational age of 6 to 19 weeks and a score of worry ≥55, from May to September 2017 in health centers of Sabzevar University of Medical. The intervention group received a solution-focused counseling and the control group received routine prenatal care. Concerns of pregnant women were evaluated before, after, and two months after the intervention using the Farsi version of Cambridge Worry Scale. The data were analyzed using t-test, chisquare, and repeated measure analysis of variance through the SPSS software version 22. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean score of worry before the study was 58.9±5.9 for the intervention group and 58.8±4.37 for the control group, and no significant difference was observed. After the intervention, these values for the intervention group and the control group were 34.6±13.3 and 57.7±8.78, respectively. Two months after the study, these values were 31.1±10.1 and 54.6±10.9, respectively. The analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that pregnant women's concerns about childbirth, fetal health, maternal health, and family relationships were significantly reduced after the intervention and two months later (P<0.001). Women's worries about socioeconomic issues were not significantly reduced after the intervention and two months later in comparison with the control group (P=0.563). Conclusion: The solution-focused counseling is an effective way to reduce pregnant women's concerns about maternal and fetal health, family relationships and childbirth. It can be used in conjunction with pregnancy care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Puberty is one of the most critical stages in the life of every girl in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of peer education on girls' knowledge and practice about puberty. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 10 eighth-grade classes were selected from ten high schools in Shahroud, Iran 2018, using multi-stage sampling. Random assignment of schools to two groups of control and intervention was done. A total of 217 students enrolled in this research. Demographic characteristics were recorded and students completed a researcher-made questionnaire on puberty before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The intervention group received peer education on puberty by trained individuals for one month. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The alpha level of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean scores for knowledge and practice before the intervention (P= 0.17). The mean scores of knowledge and practice in intervention group were 28.18±3.85 and 121.59±10.32 immediately after the intervention, and 31.91±3.69 and 130.37±8.07 one month after the intervention, respectively which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Collaborative nature of peer education makes it an appropriate choice for educating puberty issues to adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]