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این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه‌ی بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیل روی رقم Chase ذرت شیرین انجام گرفت. عامل اصلی چهار سطح تنش کم آبی شامل 70، 100، 130 و 160 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک کلاس A و عامل فرعی چهار سطح محلول پاشی آسکوربیک اسید شامل شاهد،150،200 و 250 پی پی ام (ppm) بودند. یافته‌ها: محلول پاشی آسکوربیک اسید اثر معنی‌دار روی عملکرد دانه و صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی داشت. تنش کم آبی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه، خصوصیات بذر، ارتفاع بوته، بیوماسف رنگدانه کلروفیل و سطح برگ گیاه ذرت شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به آبیاری70 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A با محلول پاشی 150 و 250 ppm آسکوربیک اسید بود. بیشترین میزان رنگدانه کلروفیل مربوط به محلول پاشی 150 ppm آسکوربیک اسید در شرایط آبیاری 100 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بود. همچنین بیشترین سطح برگ گیاه ذرت مربوط به محلول پاشی 250 ppm در شرایط آبیاری 100 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بود. تجزیه همبستگی صفات مورد بررسی نشان داد که بیشترین همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار بین عملکرد دانه با قطر بلال، عمق دانه، طول و عرض دانه، ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ و وزن خشک بیوماس بود.نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از محلول پاشی آسکوربیک اسید موجب کاهش اثرات منفی تنش کم آبی و همچنین بهبود عملکرد دانه‌ی گیاه ذرت شد.

چکیده اهداف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی در سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود فرنگی انجام گردید. مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش در اراضی روستای گمند از توابع بخش خواجه شهرستان هریس استان آذربایجانشرقی واقع در پانزده کیلومتری شرق تبریز به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام گرفت. فاکتور­های آزمایش شامل ­آبیاری در چهار سطح آبیاری نرمال (تیمار شاهد)، قطع آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه­ها، قطع آبیاری در مرحله­ی گل­دهی و عدم آبیاری و کودهای زیستی در هشت سطح (عدم تلقیح بذر(تیمار شاهد)، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر، آزوسپریلیوم، میکوریزا، کاربرد توام ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم، کاربرد توام ازتوباکترو میکوریزا، کاربرد توام آزوسپریلیوم ومیکوریزا وکاربرد توام ازتوباکتر،آزوسپریلیوم ومیکوریزا ) بود. یافته­ها: وزن صد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، درصد پروتئین، شاخص برداشت و طول غلاف به طور معنی­داری تحت تاثیر تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری و کودهای زیستی قرار گرفتند. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گردید. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته ، درصد پروتئین، شاخص برداشت، طول غلاف و افزایش وزن صد دانه گردید کاربردکودهای زیستی به صورت تکی و تلفیقی باعث افزایش وزن صد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، درصد پروتئین، شاخص برداشت و طول غلاف گردید. نتیجه­ گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بیشترین میزان عملکرد با کاربرد توام ازتوباکتر، آزوسپریلیوم ومیکوریزا در زمان کشت در شرایط آبیاری کامل حاص ل شد.

این تحقیق در سال‏ 1393 به‌منظور بررسی عکس ‏العمل هیبریدهای منوژرم چغندرقند تولیدشده در شرایط آب و هوایی مختلف به تنش خشکی و مقایسه هیبریدهای حاصل از تلاقی لاین‏ های مختلف چغندرقند تحت شرایط آب و هوایی متفاوت ازنظر جوانه ‏زنی و رشد گیاهچه در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر اداره اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند اردبیل تحت شرایط آزمایشگاهی به‏ صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، انجام گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل بذر هیبرید‏های چغندرقند متشکل از 20 سطح (هیبریدهای حاصل از تلاقی 4 پایه پدری SHR.1-P.12،F-8662، FC709-2/24 وS1-88227 و 5 پایه مادری 436×7112، SB36×7112، 231×261، SB37×28874 و 419×SB36 که در دو منطقه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل و ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی مطهری (کمال‌آباد) واقع در کرج تولیدشده بود) و پتانسیل مختلف اسمزی با پنج سطح (0، 2-، 4-، 6- و 8- بار) بودند. در این تحقیق مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی (حداکثر، سرعت و زمان تا شروع جوانه‌زنی)، درصد بذر سبز شده، درصد گیاهچه غیرنرمال، طول ریشه‌چه و هیپوکوتیل و وزن خشک گیاهچه بررسی ­شدند.نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تأثیر منطقه تولید بذر، تنش خشکی و همچنین تفاوت هیبریدهای مختلف چغندرقند بر روی درصد جوانه‏ زنی، سرعت جوانه‏ زنی، زمان تا شروع جوانه‏ زنی، درصد بذر سبز شده، درصد گیاهچه‏ های غیرنرمال، طول ریشه ‏چه، طول هیپوکوتیل و وزن خشک گیاهچه معنی‏ دار است. علیرغم اینکه در بذرهای تولیدی در ایستگاه کرج درصد جوانه‏ زنی به‌مراتب پایین‏تر بود ولی نکته مهم و قابل ‏توجه در این تحقیق این بود که سرعت جوانه‏ زنی در بذرهای تولیدی در ایستگاه تولید بذر کرج نسبت به بذرهای تولیدشده در اردبیل بیشتر بود. با کاهش پتانسیل آب درصد جوانه‏ زنی، سرعت جوانه ‏زنی، درصد سبز شدن، طول ریشه‏ چه و هیپوکوتیل و وزن خشک گیاهچه در بذرهای هیبریدهای مختلف تولیدشده در هر دو منطقه کاهش یافت و زمان تا شروع جوانه ‏زنی و درصد گیاهچه‏ های غیر نرمال افزایش یافت. ولی مقدار کاهش در بذرهای حاصل از مناطق مختلف تولید بذر متفاوت بود و در بذرهای تولیدشده در اردبیل مقدار کاهش در مؤلفه‌های جوانه‏ زنی و رشد گیاهچه نسبت به بذرهای تولیدشده در کرج کمتر بود؛ بنابراین بذرهای تولیدشده در منطقه کرج در مرحله جوانه ‏زنی نسبت به تنش خشکی از حساسیت بیشتری برخوردارند. در بین بذر هیبریدهای تولیدشده در هر دو منطقه، هیبرید 7112*436×SHR01-P.12 بیشترین و هیبرید 419*SB36×S1-88239 کمترین درصد جوانه‏زنی را داشتند و هیبرید 261*231×SHR01-P.12 و 28874*SB37×SHR01-P.12 به ترتیب از بیشترین و کمترین سرعت جوانه ‏زنی برخوردار بودند.

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و نانواکسید آهن بر عملکرد، محتوای کلروفیل و برخی مولفه‌های پر شدن دانه جو در شرایط شوری خاک، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی سال 1395 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد کود زیستی، کاربرد آزوسپریلیوم، میکوریز، کاربرد توأم میکوریز و آزوسپریلیوم)، محلول‌پاشی با نانواکسید آهن در چهار سطح (صفر، 3/0، 6/0 و 9/0گرم در لیتر) و شوری خاک در چهار سطح (صفر، 50،25 و 75 میلی‌مولار با کلرید سدیم) بودند. از یک مدل خطی دو تکه‌ای برای کمی کردن شاخص‌های مربوط به پر شدن دانه استفاده شد. در این بررسی محتوای کلروفیل کل، a,bو کاروتنوئید، مولفه‌های پرشدن دانه، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد جو بررسی شدند. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد (04/2 گرم در بوته)، سرعت پر شدن دانه (00279/0 گرم در روز)، طول دوره و دوره مؤثر پر شدن دانه (به‌ترتیب 96/36 و 53/26 روز)، کلروفیل a (87/1 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر)، کلروفیل b (68/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر)، کلروفیل کل (55/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر) و کارتنوئید (6/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر) در حالت کاربرد توأم آزوسپریلیوم و میکوریز، محلول‌پاشی 9/0 گرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن و عدم اعمال شوری به‌دست آمد. در حالی‌که کمترین این صفات در شرایط اعمال شوری 75 میلی‌مولار، عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و عدم محلول‌پاشی به‌دست آمد. اعمال شوری 25، 50 و 75 میلی‌مولار نسبت به حالت عدم اعمال شوری عملکرد دانه را به‌ترتیب 23/5، 93/21 و 14/26 درصد کاهش داد و کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی و نانواکسید آهن در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد آن‌ها در سطح شوری 25، 50 و 75 میلی‌مولار به‌ترتیب 79/11، 64/12 و 45/15 درصد از کاهش عملکرد را جبران کردند. از این رو به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد توام کودهای زیستی و نانواکسید آهن می‌تواند به‌عنوان تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش در جو تحت شرایط شوری خاک پیشنهاد شود.

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the quality characteristics of barley seeds. Therefore, this factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design in greenhouse complex at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 1402-1403. This study considered three factors of waterlogging stress, concentrations of salicylic acid, and time of foliar application of hormone. So the foliar application of salicylic acid in four concentrations (zero, one, two, and four mM) and two stages (the last day of flooding and during the growth recovery period) and waterlogging stress at two levels (control and application of waterlogging condition at the end ofstem elongation) were applied. The results showed that waterlogging stress had an effect on most of the morphological traits of the plant and also on the quality characteristics of the barley seeds except for the number of leaves, the number of fertile spikes in the plant, and the number of non-fertile spikes in the plant and caused a decrease in these traits. On the other hand, foliar spraying of salicylic acid compensated for this decrease in the mentioned traits. So in these traits, the effect of salicylic acid in the second foliar spraying was greater than the first foliar spraying; and in both times, the concentration of 4 mM had the greatest effect on the aforementioned traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, after about 200 years of sugar beet history, about 40% of the sucrose needed by humans is supplied through this crop 1.8% of the country's sugar beet is produced in Ardabil province. Pathogens of sugar beet leaves and roots are among the factors that affect the quantity and quality of sugar beet products and in many cases prevent the development and even limit the cultivation of this product. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted to evaluate different quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet (20 hybrids) in the research field of Nair using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019. For this study, 20 sugar beet monogerm hybrids that were produced in Ardabil Agricultural Research Station along with 9 paternal and maternal parents were used. To determine the effective traits on root and sugar yield and percentage of extractable sugar from cluster analysis and to determine the correlation coefficient Peberson method was used. Results: The results showed that the characteristics of the percentage of green cover of the field, the number of plants and the amount of sodium and potassium at the probability level of five percent and the traits of number of total and branched roots, amount of harmful nitrogen, alkalinity coefficient, molasses sugar percentage, gross and pure sugar yield, root yield and greenyellowness score had a significant difference among the hybrids at the probability level of 1%. Also, for the attribute number of hybrid plant number 17 and number of roots of hybrid number 7, they were superior to other hybrids. In the current research, the maximum infection with rhizomania disease (13.7%) was observed in hybrid number 9, and the lowest amount belonged to two hybrids number 10 and 12. The highest amount of sodium and potassium was in hybrid 15, while hybrid number 20 had the highest amount of harmful nitrogen. Hybrid 3 had the highest alkalinity coefficient, while the highest percentage of molasses sugar belonged to hybrid 15. The highest yield of gross, pure and root sugar (respectively 10.69, 8.193 and 85.59 tons per hectare) was obtained from hybrid 12 and the lowest values belonged to hybrid 3. Conclusions: In general, in terms of performance indicators, hybrids number 3, 12 and 15 were the most suitable hybrids compared to other hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Sustainable Production is the property of University of Tabriz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Sustainable Production is the property of University of Tabriz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Sustainable Production is the property of University of Tabriz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: At present, the drastic increase in population has created an additional burden on the world's agricultural resources. As a result, meeting global food demand and increasing farmers' incomes has become a challenging task. Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that strongly affect the germination, growth, and yield of crops. Seed priming is a simple technology that hydrates seeds to the point where the metabolic activity for germination is initiated without radicle emergence. In fact, the seeds are physiologically and biochemically prepared to germinate before being placed in their bed and exposed to environmental conditions. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming with chitosan on germination indices and biochemical traits of beans under salt stress. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021 as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The treatments included four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) and four levels of chitosan (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% w/v), all of which were dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Results: The results showed that salinity stress decreased germination percentage (GP), peak value (PV), and germination value (GV). However, seed priming with different levels of chitosan, especially 0.75% chitosan, improved GP, PV, and GV by 7, 21, and 17%, respectively, compared to the control. Proline content and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity went up with increasing salinity. However, the application of chitosan 0.75% increased these traits by 34% and 43%, respectively, compared to the control (priming with distilled water). Electrolyte leakage in priming with 0.75% chitosan decreased by 31% compared to the control, which indicates the maintenance of the cell membrane stability. The content of soluble sugars in the treatment with 0.75% chitosan and 150 mM salinity showed an increase of about 78% compared to the control. The highest correlation among traits was observed between peak value and germination coefficient (r²=0.99) and between proline and polyphenol oxidase enzyme (r²=0.92). Conclusions: The results of this study show that among the different treatments, pre-treatment of seeds with 75% Chitosan may be considered an effective way to improve germination indices and biochemical characteristics of beans and it can be used as a treatment to deal with salinity conditions in bean seedlings and improve their seedling growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an annual, self-pollinating, diploid plant belonging to the Leguminosae pea family and is one of the most important oil plants in the world. The amount of yield of soybean oil constitutes its economic part, which is dependent on the grain yield and its related traits. Knowing the relationships between these traits and the interaction between them is very important for reformers. Different reports of relationships between traits and seed yield in soybean have been presented; Therefore, in this research, to investigate the reaction of different soybean cultivars and lines, in terms of yield and yield components in three levels of drought stress and normal, in order to select traits that can be considered as selection criteria for selecting cultivars and lines. paid. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the yield and yield components and physiological characteristics of different soybean cultivars and lines and to analyze the relationships between traits in order to select resistant cultivars adapted to the dry or low water climatic conditions of Iran, an experiment was conducted in the form of a split. The plot was based on a randomized complete block design. In this investigation, the irrigation levels included: 1- no stress, 2- stress after flowering, 3- stress after podding as the main factor and soybean cultivars and lines were considered as secondary factors in four replications. Results: between the main factor (drought stress) in terms of plant height, leaf area, length of plant, number of seeds per plant, dry weight of plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, economic yield and plant yield. In the level unit and between the levels of the sub-factor (numbers and lines) in terms of all the assessed traits, there was a significant difference at the probability levels of 5 and 1 percent. In terms of the interaction between the main and secondary factors, only in terms of plant height, stem length, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per seed, seed weight per seed and biological yield, a significant difference was observed at 5 and 1% probability levels. With the increase of stress from the flowering stage to the pod bearing area, the yield and yield components decreased and showed a decrease compared to the non-stressed condition. The non-stress treatment (normal) had the highest economic yield with an average of 3134.40 kg and compared to the stress treatment after podding which produced an average of 2765.85 kg, it produced 11.75% more yield, in other words, The increase in stress intensity has decreased grain yield. Among the cultivars studied, in terms of yield and yield components, Arian line and DPX genotype were identified as superior cultivars, and Kausar, Parsa and Saba lines were identified as weak cultivars. Conclusion: In general, the results obtained from this research showed that with the increase of stress from the flowering stage to the pod bearing area, the yield and yield components decreased and showed a decrease compared to the non-stressed condition. The non-stressed (normal) treatment with an average of 3134.40 kg had the highest economic yield and compared to the stress treatment after podding with an average of 2765.85 kg, it produced 11.75% more yield, in other words, with increasing stress, yield The grain has decreased. Among the studied cultivars, in terms of yield and yield components, Arian line and DPX genotype were identified as superior cultivars, and Kausar, Parsa, and Saba lines were identified as weak cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: In order to make optimal use of available soil resources, preserve paddy lands for rice cultivation, prevent them from changing their use, and on the other hand, improve the living conditions of farmers, it is necessary to turn to the second cultivation of plants such as clover after rice harvesting as one of the ways to increase The income, while creating employment, will increase the production and stability of the income of paddy lands. Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out in 2018 in the Lundville region of Astara for rice crop rotation, different amounts of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and varieties and dates of clover planting in the Guilan region. The experiment was evaluated in the form of s split-split plot with a completely randomized block design in three replications. The main factor includes nitrogen fertilizer with potassium at three levels (50, 100, and 150 kg per hectare) and the spreading of clovers in three different stages of rice growth, including after flowering, before harvest, and after harvest as split plot and secondary factors. the split split plot also included species of clovers (Barsim and Iranian). The rice variety used in this experiment was the Hashemi cultivar. Results:: The results of comparing the average effects of treatments showed that the highest plant height (154.5 cm) was obtained when 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer with potassium was used in the stage of spreading clovers before rice harvest for the Iranian clover variety. The total number of claws per square meter (779.56) in the spreading stage of clovers before harvesting rice and Iranian clover variety was more than other treatments. The number of clusters per square meter (235.44) and the total number of seeds per cluster (116.21) in the spreading phase of clovers after flowering of rice and Barsim clover cultivars were significantly higher than other treatments. The highest weight of thousand seeds under 100 kg ha-1 of fertilizer was obtained in the stage of spreading clovers after rice flowering (34.44 g) and also in the stage of spreading clovers after rice flowering and from the Barsim clover variety (35.78 g). The yield of paddy (550.67 g m2) was the highest under 100 kg ha-1 of fertilizer in the stage of spreading clovers after rice harvesting and from the Iranian clover variety. The harvest index (51.94%) was significantly higher in the spreading phase of clovers after rice harvest and from the variety of Bersim clover compared to other treatments. Conclusion: The use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers along with crop rotation of rice and clover due to nitrogen stabilization and improvement of the soil substrate increased the height of the plant, increased the number of claws, spike length, the weight of 1000 seeds, and finally increased the yield of the rice plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effects of nanoparticles and biofertilizers on chlorophyll fluorescence indices and some physiological traits of triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili in 2021. Experimental factors included salinity (non-saline control, 35, and 70 mM NaCl), application of biofertilizers (PGPR) (biofertilizers-free control, application of Azospirilum, Pseudomonas, combined application Azospirilum and Pseudomonas) and nanoparticles foliar application (foliar application with water as control, nano iron oxide foliar application, nano silicon, combined foliar application of nano iron-silicon oxide). The results showed that both application of PGPR and foliar application of nanoparticles under non-saline condition increased quantum yield (64%), maximum fluorescence (69%), variable fluorescence (175%), chlorophyll index (48.1%), leaf nitrogen content (35.3%), leaf relative water content (49.7%) and stomatal conductance (81.4%) and grain yield per plant (44.5%) in comparison with biofertilizers-free and nanoparticles foliar application under 70 mM salt condition. Maximum of minimum fluorescence (178) and electrical conductivity (126) were obtained at the highest salinity level, i.e. 70 mM NaCl. Based on the results of this study, it seems that application of bio fertilizers and nanoparticles foliar application may improve the grain yield of triticale under salinity stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) seed coating with organic fertilizer of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot on the emergence and seedling growth characteristics, a greenhouse experiment has been conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University within 2015. There, the treatments are arranged in a factorial experiment, based on completely randomized block design with three replications, with the experiment factors including seed washing (washing and without washing), hybrids (Shokoufa and Pars), and seed coating with different amounts of organic fertilizers of Teprosyn, Kadostim, and Zagroot, not to mention the control and adhesive treatments. Results show that seed washing treatment has increased the percentage of emergence, velocity of emergence, and the percentage of plant establishment, and decreased the time to 10% and 90% of the emergence. The percentage of seedling emergence have been superior in seed coating treatments with Zagroot (20 ml per kg of seed) responsible for 95% of emergence and seed coating with Zagroot (30 ml per kg seed) for 94.16%, compared to other treatments. The percentage of plant establishment has been higher in the Pars hybrid than the Shokoufa. Among different treatments of seed coating, seed treatment with Zagroot has had the highest leaf area and root and leaf dry weight. In general, seed coating with Teprosyn and Zagroot has improved seedling growth and increased plant establishment in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]