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مقدمهافراد مبتلا به بیماری میگرن مشکلات متعددی در بهزیستی روانشناختی دارند؛ بر همین اساس شناخت عوامل موثر بر بهزیستی روانشناختی اهمیت دارد؛ در این راستا پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی نقش میانجی عاطفه منفی در رابطه بین کمال گرایی و نشخوار فکری با بهزیستی روانشناختی بیماران میگرن انجام گرفت. روش کارمطالعه حاضر به روش همبستگی و از نوع مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را همه بیماران میگرن شهر مشهد در سال 1401 تشکیل داد که از بین آن‌ها 236 نفربا استفاده از نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از فرم کوتاه مقیاس بهزیستی روانشناختی (ریف، 1989)، مقیاس کمال‌‌گرایی چند بعدی (فراست،1990)، مقیاس پاسخ های نشخواری (نولن-هوکسما و مارو، 1991) و مقیاس عاطفه مثبت و منفی (واتسون و همکاران، 1988) استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری در نرم افزار SPSS-27 و ایموس 24 انجام شد. نتایجاثر مستقیم کمال‌گرایی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی منفی و معنادار بود . اثر مستقیم کمال‌گرایی بر عاطفه منفی مثبت و معنادار بود اثر مستقیم عاطفه منفی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی منفی و معنادار بود و اثر مستقیم نشخوار فکری بر عاطفه منفی مثبت و معنادار بود اثر غیرمستقیم کمال‌گرایی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی به واسطه عاطفه منفی، معنی و معنادار بود همچنین اثر غیرمستقیم نشخوار فکری بر بهزیستی روانشناختی به واسطه عاطفه منفی، معنی و معنادار بود نتیجه گیریبراساس نتایج پژوهش می‌توان گفت که عاطفه منفی، روابط ساختاری بین کمال‌گرایی و نشخوار فکری را با بهزیستی روانشناختی میانجیگری می‌کند.

مقدمه: اینترنت یکی از قدرتمندترین ابزارهای توسعه در دنیای معاصر است، اما استفاده بیش از حد از اینترنت منجر به اعتیاد اینترنتی می شود. عوامل مختلفی می­توانند بر ابتلا به اعتیاد اینترنتی اثرگذار باشند. در این مطالعه پیش­بینی میزان اعتیاد اینترنتی بر اساس هیجان­خواهی و سیستم­های مغزی-رفتاری در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش­کار: در این پژوهش همبستگی بر روی 92 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد در سال 1395، پرسش­نامه­های ویژگی­های جمعیت­شناختی، اعتیاد اینترنتی یانگ، هیجان­خواهی زوکرمن و سیستم­های مغزی-رفتاری تکمیل شدند. داده­ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و تحلیل رگرسیون با کمک نرم­افزار SPSS تحلیل شدند. یافته­ها: بین اعتیاد به اینترنت و اجزای سیستم مغزی-رفتاری دانشجویان دختر از جمله سائق (کشاننده)، جستجوی سرگرمی، سیستم فعال­سازی رفتاری و سیستم مهار رفتاری، رابطه­ای وجود دارد که معنی­دار نیست و تنها ارتباط مثبت با پاسخ به مولفه پاداش وجود دارد. ارتباط معنی­داری بین این مولفه­ها در میان دانشجویان پسر دیده نشد (05/0P>). ارتباط بین اعتیاد به اینترنت و هیجان خواهی، مثبت و معنی دار بوده در حالی که این ارتباط بین اعتیاد اینترنتی و گریز از بازداری، معنی­دار و منفی و ضریب همبستگی بین اعتیاد به اینترنت و حساسیت به یکنواختی و عناصر تجربه­طلبی نیز در این مطالعه معنی­دار نبود. نتیجه­گیری: بر اساس نتایج، ارتباط مستقیم و معنی­داری بین اعتیاد به اینترنت و هیجان­خواهی وجود دارد، هر چند این ارتباط نسبت به نقش سیستم­های مغزی- رفتاری، کمی ضعیف تر است.

مقدمه: با توجه به اثرات متقابل افسردگی و اضطراب بر افزایش قند خون بیماران دیابتی و نیاز به مداخله جهت بهبود این متغیرها، هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی درمانگری چندوجهی لازاروس بر کاهش علایم افسردگی، اضطراب و کنترل قند خون زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 بوده است. روش­کار: در این پژوهش که بر روی زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 با افسردگی و اضطراب بالا و میزان هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله (HbA1C) بیشتر از 7 درصد انجام شد، تعداد 24 نفر از آزمودنی­ها که شرایط ورود به پژوهش را داشتند به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمون و شاهد (هر گروه 12 نفر) قرار گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسش­نامه­های اضطراب و افسردگی بک و سنجش هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله بود. گروه آزمون به مدت سه ماه تحت آموزش کارگاهی جلسات گروهی روان­درمانی چندوجهی لازاروس (12 جلسه هفتگی 90 دقیقه­ای) قرار گرفتند که در بهار و تابستان 1394 در مرکز بهداشت ثامن مشهد برگزار شد. گروه شاهد نیز در لیست انتظار قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل داده­ها از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره با کمک نرم­افزارSPSS استفاده شد. یافته­ها: نتایج حاکی از آن است که درمان چندوجهی لازاروس به طور معنی­داری (001/0=P) باعث کاهش علایم افسردگی، اضطراب و کاهش میزان قند خون زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 در مقایسه با گروه شاهد شده است. نتیجه­گیری: در مجموع، درمان چندوجهی لازاروس می­تواند برای کاهش علایم اضطراب، افسردگی و علایم جسمانی بیماران دیابتی، موثر واقع ­شود.

Introduction: The people with migraine have many problems in psychological well-being; accordingly, it is important to know the factors affecting psychological well-being; In this regard, the present study conducted with the aim of modeling the psychological well-being of migraine patients based on perfectionism and rumination with the mediating role of negative affect. Methods: The current research was descriptive and correlational, which carried out using structural equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of all migraine patients in Mashhad City located in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran, in 2022. 236 people were selected using available sampling. Participants answered the Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire (short form) (Ryff, 1989), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost et al., 1990), Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen–Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Watson et al., 1988). Data analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS–27 and AMOS–24 statistical software programs, and the significance level of the tests in this study considered 0.05.. Results: The direct path coefficient between perfectionism and psychological well-being was negative and significant (β =-0.23, p<0.05). The direct path coefficient between perfectionism and negative affect was positive and significant (β =0.31, p<0.001). The direct path coefficient between negative affect and psychological well-being was negative and significant (β =-0.21, p<0.001). The direct effect of rumination on negative emotion was positive and significant (β =0.43, p<0.001). Also, the coefficient of the indirect effect of perfectionism on psychological well-being through negative affect was significant (β =- 0.36, p<0.001). In addition, the indirect effect of rumination on psychological well-being through negative affect was significant (β =- 0.11, p<0.05). The estimated values for fit indices were equal to RMSEA=0.08, AGFI=0.90, CFI=0.91, GFI=0.92, Chi square/df=0.08, which all showed that the model had a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be said that negative affect mediates the structural relationships between perfectionism and rumination with psychological well-being [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexual performance based on sexual schemas is one of the important aspects in personal health. However, in all reviewed researches, the role of trait state anxiety and sexual selfesteem as mediating variables has not been considered and that the considering the negative sexual anxiety and self-esteem on sexual relationships has not been studied in the research society. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural equation model of sexual performance of women under menopause based on sexual schemas with the Mediator role of state-attribute anxiety and sexual self-esteem. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational, in kind of structural equation modeling. In order to determine the sample, 350 women under the age of menopause who referred to the health and treatment centers of Rudsar city in 1401 were selected by cluster random sampling method. The measuring instruments were Rosen et al.'s sexual performance questionnaires (1997), Andersen and Cyranovsky's sexual schema (1994), Spielberger's state-trait anxiety (1970), and Zina and Schwarz's sexual self-esteem (1996). In order to analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure the pairwise correlation of variables and path analysis was used to find the pattern of structural equations with SPSS and AMOS software. Results: Based on the results of the fit indices, the structural model of the research had a good fit. The analysis of direct relationships showed that there is a direct relationship between sexual performance and explicit/comfortable (β=0.139, P=0.016) and passionate/romantic (β=0.181, P=0.001) sexual schemas. Shy/cautious sexuality and sexual performance have an inverse relationship (P=0.049, β=0.102), direct relationship between sexual self-esteem and sexual performance (P<0.001, β=0.321) and between Trait anxiety and sexual performance have an inverse relationship (P<0.001, β=0.202). Conclusion: Therefore, to reduce sexual performance disorders, interventions that guide women in the direction of knowledge, insight and change of attitude about their thoughts, feelings and emotions about sexual relations should be used. Increasing the scope of such research can be effective in preventing women's sexual problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: One of the most common chronic developmental disorders is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which affects about 7% of school children and 5% of adolescents and adults. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the most common Neuro-behavioral disorder that is seen in the clients of child and adolescent psychiatric clinics. Although in the past years, there was a false belief that this disorder improves from the years after adolescence, today the fact has become clear that this disorder will continue into adulthood in more than 50 to 75 percent of cases. The age of onset of this disorder has been determined before 5 or 7 years old. This disorder refers to people who show a level of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness and have problems at home, school, or in some social situations. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is also related to learning disorder and low intelligence; many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have other disorders. Emotional problems, anxiety, and depression are also seen in them. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with reduced academic performance and academic progress, social exclusion, and in adults, with poorer performance, progress, and job attendance, higher probability of unemployment, and high interpersonal conflict. This disorder is noticeably disruptive in severe cases and affects social, family, and academic/occupational adaptation. Mindfulness means paying attention to specific and purposeful ways in the present and free from judgment. The conscious mind focuses on the process of continuous attention, to the content being paid attention to. Although the main goal of mindfulness is not relaxation, nonjudgmental observation of negative internal events or physiological arousal causes this state to occur. Therefore, considering the many behavioral aspects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can lead to mothers' depression, anxiety, and limited parental role, feelings of inadequacy and inadequacy in child rearing, weak emotional attachment between child and parent, negative relationships. These children's relationship with their brothers and sisters leads to an increase in tension in the family, a higher rate of divorce, and the breakdown of family relationships. Therefore, according to the stated content and the lack of research related to mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction in the community of parents with hyperactive-attention-deficit children, the purpose of this research is to answer the question of whether mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction is it effective on improving parent-child tension in parents of ADHD children? Methods: The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was made up of all mothers with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who were referred to Mashhad psychotherapy clinics in 2016-2017. From this population, 30 mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected purposefully and voluntarily and were randomly replaced in the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group). Baumrind (1972) and Barry and Jones (1995) parent stress scale questionnaire answered (pretest), then the experimental group underwent 9 sessions of mindfulness-based on Kabat and Zain (2004) stress reduction, and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the end, both groups responded to the research tools (post-test). The collected data were analyzed with spss-25 software and multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction have a positive effect on parent-child tension in parents of ADHD children. Conclusion: Mindfulness techniques are effective in increasing muscle relaxation and reducing worry, stress, and anxiety. This program increases mental awareness, and well-being, and reduces stress and its physical and psychological symptoms. Time spent in formal meditative practices such as yoga is also associated with improved mindfulness and wellbeing. Therefore, mindfulness can be considered as a mediating factor for increasing psychological performance and reducing stress symptoms resulting from meditation exercises. Mindfulness based on stress reduction requires the use of special behavioral, cognitive, and metacognitive strategies to focus the attention process, which in turn prevents the downward spiral of negative mood, negative thinking, tendency to worrisome responses, and the development of perspective. It leads to new and the emergence of pleasant thoughts and emotions. Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction affect improving parenting styles and parent-child tension in parents of ADHD children. The limitations of this research include the lack of a follow-up period and the special and difficult conditions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and it is suggested that the results of this research be used as a field for future studies in the field of knowledge of educational programs. Effective on the child's parental stress and parenting styles, parents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder should be used. It is also suggested that the officials and those involved should plan a comprehensive treatment for these patients and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: On the other hand, research has shown that children's disorders are closely related to parents' psychological problems and their educational methods. The role of the family as the first educational environment in creating or not creating behavioral disorders, and the emergence of diseases and mental disorders is undeniable. Because the family environment is the first environment where a person's physical, emotional, and personality patterns grow and gradually form. Therefore, considering the effect of these children on their parents, as well as the effect of parents' parenting style on the aggravation of symptoms of hyperactivity/attention deficit and the lack of research related to the effect of stress-based mindfulness training on the mothers of these children, designing and implementing various interventions to create and expand skills Social skills and abilities are very important in these children, and on the other hand, having an ADHD child is a source of stress. However, its effect on parents depends to a large extent on their cognitive evaluation of the problem and their skills and training. One of the training methods that can be used for such mothers is stressbased awareness training. This therapy is derived from cognitive behavioral therapy and is considered one of the important components of the third wave of psychological models. Mindfulness-based on stress reduction reduces stress and anxiety, reduces chronic physical pain, increases immunity, ability to deal with problems, ability to face negative emotions, reduces insomnia, and improves focus, happiness, and well-being. Mindfulness means paying attention to specific purposeful ways in the present and free from judgment. The conscious mind focuses on the process of continuous attention, rather than the content that is being paid attention to. Therefore, according to the stated content and the lack of research related to mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction in the community of parents with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the purpose of this research is to answer the question of whether mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction improve the style of is the parenting of ADHD children effective? Methods: The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group, which was approved by the Code of Ethics Commission of the Islamic Azad University, Torbat Jam branch, with the code of ethics IR.IAU.TJ.REC.1399.010. The statistical population of this study was made up of all mothers with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who were referred to Mashhad psychotherapy clinics in 2016-2017. From this community, 30 mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected purposefully and voluntarily and were randomly replaced in the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group). At first, the subjects responded to Diana Baumrind's parenting styles questionnaire (1972) (pre-test), then the experimental group underwent 9 sessions of mindfulness-based on Kabat and Zain's (2004) stress reduction, and the control group received an intervention. They did not At the end, both groups responded to the research tools. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction have an effect on the parenting styles of mothers and have caused an increase in permissive and authoritative styles and a decrease in authoritarian styles. Conclusion: One of the common and usual challenges of parents with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, especially those who are facing many medical and therapeutic issues, is facing the problems of these children and how to perceive them. In this regard, it can be said that the healthy behavior of parents with hyperactive children is due to their correct perception of this disorder and the correct way to deal with it. Parents have a dynamic and active role in understanding the problems of their children, and with proper educational methods, they can help in reducing the symptoms of these children's problems and their problems. Therefore, it is necessary to provide treatment solutions to deal with this disorder correctly. Parents can help improve the symptoms of these patients and reduce their problems by learning the right methods. Among the treatment methods that can be effective in improving the symptoms of hyperactivity disorder and reducing the stress of their parents, is the stress reduction program based on mindfulness. This treatment is a short-term and structured intervention. Mindfulness-based stress reduction program is defined as a non-judgmental and balanced feeling of awareness that helps to see and accept emotions and physical phenomena as they happen. The stress reduction program based on mind awareness creates a different attitude or relationship with thoughts, feelings, and emotions, which includes maintaining full and moment-to-moment attention and having an attitude of acceptance and away from judgment. Through exercises and techniques based on mindfulness, a person becomes aware of his daily activities and the automatic use of the mind in the past and future world, through moment-to-moment awareness of thoughts, feelings, and states. The physical will gain control over them and be freed from the everyday and automatic mind focused on the past and the future. Mindfulness exercises enable a person to reduce automatic and habitual responses to stressful experiences and activate the response system by cultivating an inner insight and accepting it more than life's unchangeable events. It will reduce stress and this will increase personal control. Treatment control and cognitive therapy help them. Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness interventions based on stress reduction are effective in improving the parenting styles of parents of ADHD children. The limitations of this research include the lack of a follow-up period and the special and difficult conditions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and it is suggested that the results of this research be used as a basis for future studies in the field of learning effective training programs. Child parenting and parenting styles, parents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder should be used. Also, it is suggested that the officials and those involved should plan a comprehensive treatment for these patients and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Extramarital affairs disrupt family functioning and have serious negative consequences for the family members. Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and integrated behavioral couple therapy in improving family functioning in couples with extramarital affairs. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, the statistical population consisted of all couples, referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2021. Thirty nine couples were selected using the convenience sampling method among people with extramarital relationships and randomly assigned to three groups: control group (13 couples), combined cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (13 couples), and integrative behavioral couple therapy (13 couples). The experimental and control groups completed the Family Functioning Scale by Epstein et al. (1983) before and after the interventions. In order to data analysis covariance analysis was performed in SPSS version 20. Results: Results indicated that the scores of all family functioning components significantly decreased in the intervention groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Combined cognitive-behavioral couple therapy was more effective in the dimensions of problem-solving and communication, while integrated behavioral couple therapy was more effective in emotional companionship (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the present results, both combined cognitive-behavioral therapy and integrated behavioral couple therapy had positive effects on improving family functioning. Therefore, depending on the conditions and type of marital problems, therapists are suggested to use a combination of these two methods to improve family functioning in couples with extramarital relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disease perception is an organized cognitive representation that thalassemia patients have of their illness and its effects. Research has shown that mindfulness -based stress reduction programs are effective on self-management and reducing patient anxiety, but the application of this treatment on disease perception in the target population is a research gap. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness -based stress reduction program (MBSR) on disease perception in thalassemia patients. Methods: The research method is quasi -experimental with pre -test -post -test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with thalassemia in Behshahr who were members of the Thalassemia Association in 1400 (approximately 90 people). Fourty thalassemia patients selected by purposive sampling as a research sample and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 patients in each group). First, both groups answered the Bradbent et al.'s (2006) Perception of Disease Questionnaire (pre -test). The experimental group then underwent mindfulness -based stress reduction program of Kabat Zinn (2009) for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that in the post -test stage, the score of disease perception components in the outcomes, duration, nature, concern, emotional responses and cause of the disease, the subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased significantly (P<0.05). In the components Personal control, treatment control and disease cognition increased according to the mindfulness -based stress reduction program (MBSR) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mindfulness -based stress reduction program (MBSR) for thalassemia patients reduces their anxiety, and leads to their greater efforts to control their disease status [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The presence of an impotent child in the family creates psychological problems for other family members, especially mothers, which can affect the attitude of the mother toward her child and ultimately affect the mental health of mother and child. This study aimed to make a comparison between effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and reality therapy on attitude of mothers toward their autistic children. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research. Its research plan was in the form of Three - group (two experimental groups and one control group). The statistical population included all mothers with autism children in elementary school in Mashhad in 2018. Using available sampling method, a sample of 36 mothers was selected and randomly assigned to three groups. Individuals in first group received mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy and second group received reality therapy in 10 sessions (90 minutes), and those in the control group received no intervention. In pre-test, post- test and at the one-month follow-up, all groups completed the parent’s attitude toward their children questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and scheffe. Results: The results showed there was a significant difference between effectiveness of the mindfulness – based cognitive therapy compared to reality therapy (f (99,2) =7/78, p< 0/01) and mindfulness – based cognitive therapy had more impact (mean =6/61, p< 0/01). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy improves attitude of mothers toward their autistic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]