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Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The renewable energy is regarded as one of the basic necessities in which many countries have relied to move the wheel of development forward, The rate of energy consumption was considered as an indicator of nations and peoples progress as electric energy represents the infrastructure of various contemporary activities that many countries adopt in their economic growth. The programs of energy development is not taken into account unless there are developing plans not concerned with change, progress and not to deplete fossil fuel resources, which has been depleting in recent times because of the increase in demand for electricity and for the high in oil prices, research concerned the possibility of finding a new resource of electric energy, The solar and wind energy in an important step to solve the problem of electric power crisis in Mosul city and the beginning of energy self-sufficiency . The research aims to identify the concept of developing the renewable energy industry and its types, in addition to know the impact of the natural geographical features in Mosul city to clarify its role in developing the renewable energy industry to know the appropriate sites to establish sites for solar cells and wind farms and their establishment in the study area, for the problem of power outages was regarded as one of the basic problems facing the Iraqi state, including Mosul city, this asked us to study this problem through renewable energy to reach methods to solve it. The study showed that there are three levels of spatial suitability to choose solar cell sites which are inappropriate areas and occupies 2.8km 2by 4. %1of the area of Mosul city. It included the areas that are in the shadows of the hills facing the solar radiation, whose slopes are towards the north, and suitable areas of medium degree which occupies 115.9km2, %2.58which includes most of the city’s area that's increased in the east and west of the city for relatively high which occupies 80.3km 2by%3.40. It includes most of the city’s area and increases in the east and west of the city, being high areas and their slope towards the south that receive large amounts of solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-learning is one of the modern scientific methods that rely on scientific communication between the teacher and the student remotely via the Internet. It was present and widespread at the level of developed countries, but after the Corona pandemic, it was relied on in the study mainly for scientific communication between the teacher and students in both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. On this basis, the global network was directed to learn and gain experiences in various fields, and geography was one of them. So, work was done to establish workshops and seminars to increase scientific knowledge, and this increased the exchange of scientific experiences among teachers in Arabic and international universities. To complement this trend, the government dealt with e-learning as one of the important means of delivering science and knowledge to students and not interrupting them from the educational process. Accordingly, work has been done to create electronic classes for students in their studies that are available for free within other applications based on the Classroom application. Classes were established in the field of various geographical disciplines, such as climatic geography, geomorphology, population geography, geographic information systems and other geographic materials. These scientific materials were communicated between Google meet students and teachers within the electronic classes in the Classroom program and used a program for discussion directly with students. Accordingly, work was done to establish a field study on the importance of e-learning in general and through its application in the subject of population geography and geographic information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of lakes and how they are represented spatially is important and has a key role in the construction and development of any country and this depends on the main location of the lake and the possibility of investing its water in agriculture, tourism, electricity generation and others after water scarcity and low level of placements, which led us to study Lake Talker through the use of the model of digital height and topographic maps to reach the possibility of improving this model to reach an academic study that can be used in other scientific fields Lake Al-Tharthar is located 120 km northwest of Baghdad between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, with an area of 2,710 km2. The highest storage level is 65 meters above sea level and the volume of water storage at this level is 85.89 billion m3. The lake is one of the largest natural depressions in Iraq, where it was established in 1956 to store excess water from the Tigris River, so that adequate amounts of irrigation water can be returned to the two rivers whenever needed.1 Lakes and dams have been established and developed mainly to avoid floods that feed Iraq's rivers from time to time. Two methods of completion were thus used: the Radail Basin Function method and the Empirical Bayesian Kriging and we were able to note that the Payson Road is the best in spatial fulfilment to reach the representation of the 3D shape of the lake. Based on the above, the research has reached a number of results, namely, the possibility of developing improved digital altitude models for different regions of Iraq with local specifications that form the basis of similar studies and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

تعد الطاقة المتجددة من الضروریات الأساسیة التی اعتمدتها العدید من الدول فی تحریک عجلة التنمیة إلى الأمام، ویعد معدل استهلاک الطاقة مؤشرا الى تقدم الأمم والشعوب، فالطاقة الکهربائیة تمثل البنیة التحتیة لمختلف الأنشطة المعاصرة التی تعتمدها العدید من الدول فی نموها الاقتصادی، ولا تؤخذ برامج تنمیة الطاقة فی الحسبان مالم تکن هناک خطط تنمویة تعنى بالتغیر والتقدم وعدم الاستنزاف لمصادر الوقود الأحفوری الذی أخذ بالنضوب فی الآونة الأخیرة بسبب زیادة الطلب على الکهرباء وارتفاع اسعار النفط، وتکمن اهمیة البحث فی امکانیة ایجاد مصدر جدید للطاقة الکهربائیة وهی الطاقة الشمسیة من حیث کونها خطوة مهمه لحل مشکلة أزمة الطاقة الکهربائیة فی مدینة الموصل وبدایة الاکتفاء الذاتی للطاقة . ویهدف البحث الى التعرف الى مفهوم تنمیة صناعة الطاقة المتجددة وانواعها فضلا عن معرفة اثر المقومات الجغرافیة الطبیعیة فی مدینة الموصل وتوضیح دورها فی امکانیة تنمیة صناعة الطاقة المتجددة ولمعرفة المواقع الملاءمة لإقامة مواقع خلایا الطاقة الشمسیة وانشائها فی منطقة الدراسة . اذ تعد مشکلة انقطاع التیار الکهربائی من المشکلات الاساسیة التی تواجه الدولة العراقیة منها مدینة الموصل مما دعانا الى دراسة هذه المشکلة من خلال الطاقة المتجددة للوصول الى طرق واسالیب لحلها . وعلى هذا الاساس تم استخدام طریقة الملائمة المکانیة کاحد الطرق العلمیة فی التحلیل المکانی للوصول الى انسب الامکان الملائمة لتحدید مواقع للخلایا الشمسیة فی المدینة من خلال تصمیم متکامل للعمل یتم من خلاله تحدید المواقع المناسبة لوضع الخلایا الشمسیة وقد اظهرت الدراسة وجود ثلاث مستویات من الملاءمة المکانیة لاختیار مواقع الخلایا الشمسیة هی مناطق غیر ملاءمة تشغل مساحة 2.8 کم2 بنسبة 1.4% من مساحة مدینة الموصل وشملت المناطق التی تکون فی ظلال التلال المواجهة للإشعاع الشمسی التی تکون انحداراتها باتجاه الشمال کما فی احیاء الیرموک والاربجیة ومناطق ملاءمة بدرجة متوسطة وتشغل مساحة 115.9کم2 بنسبة 58.2% وتشمل اغلب مناطق مدینة الموصل کما فی احیاء الکرامة والدواسة ومناطق ملاءمة بدرجة عالیة تشغل مساحة 80.3 کم2 بنسبة 40.3% وتشمل اغلب مساحة المدینة وتزداد فی شرق وغرب المدینة کونها مناطق مرتفعة وانحدارها باتجاه الجنوب تستلم کمیات کبیرة من الاشعاع الشمسی کما فی احیاء العربی و17 تموز.