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The study aimed to measure and analyze the effect of supply chain in achieving competitive advantage in the Jordanian companies of the human pharmaceutical industry. The population of the study consisted of 6 Jordanian human pharmaceutical companies. The analysis unit consisted of 320 managers in upper and middle management levels (general manager, deputy general manager, assistant manager, department manager). The sample of the study consisted of 250 respondents selected by comprehensive survey method. Descriptive analysisl method was used; a questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the data. The study found statistically significant impact at significance level (α≤0.05) of supply chain with its combined dimensions (suppliers integration, internal intergration, information sharing) in achieving competitive advantage with its combined dimensions (cost, innovation, flexibility, delivery) in human pharmaceutical companies. The study recommended that human pharmaceutical companies should give attention to supply chain methodology to get benefit of its outputs which can contribute to achieve a competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to measure and analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on achieving knowledge management in Jordanian commercial banks. The study's population consisted of (21) Jordanian commercial banks. The analysis unit consisted of (853) managers in top and middle managements (general manager, deputy general manager, department manager, branch manager). The study's sample consisted of (309) respondents selected by the simple random sample method. The descriptive analytical method was used. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The study found statistically significant impact at significance level (a0 05) oF entrepreneurial orIenTaTIon with iTs comBIneD dimensions (innovative entrepreneurial orientation, proactive entrepreneurial orientation, risk-taking entrepreneurial orientation) in achieving knowledge management with its combined dimensions (knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, Knowledge implementation) in Jordanian commercial banks. The study recommended that Jordanian commercial banks should adopt an entrepreneurial orientation to benefit From iTs ouTpuTs in Developing Banking services To meeT cusTomers' neeDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]