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Background. Due to the high lethality of aluminum phosphide as well as the lack of antidote for its treatment, this study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on the outcome of hospitalization in the patients poisoned by rice pill . Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 19 patients aged over 18 years and poisoned by rice pill were investigated to determine the characteristics and outcomes of the patients as well as to detect the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on the patients’ outcome in a six-year period. A data collection form was used to collect research data. Patients were treated with two types of standard treatment regimen (first group) and standard regimen+intravenous fat (second group). ECG changes, heart ejection fraction (EF), and the patients’ outcomes (death or discharge) were evaluated. Results. In the first group, 16 patients and 3 patients received treatment regimen in second group. Also, 89.5% of the patients had sinus tachycardia in ECG. There was no significant difference between two groups except in terms of diastolic blood pressure (P=0.012). All cases of ECG changes were sinus tachycardia in the second group, while sinus tachycardia (87.4%), V-tach (6.3%), and PAC (6.3%) were observed in the first group. The mortality rate in first and second groups were 87.5% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion. Application of lipid emulsion was a relatively new therapeutic approach to clinical treatment of rice pill poisoning, and the studies on given issue were limited. Therefore, it was recommended that prospective studies should be carried out based on clinical trials to further investigate its application. Practical Implications. It was necessary to develop an effective antidote for Aluminum phosphide Poisoning since it had a high mortality rate as well as a high prevalence in Iran. Unfortunately, there was no antidote for dealing with this poison. Application of intravenous lipid emulsion may have been effective in reducing the hospital mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]