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اهداف: این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری زیستی تیوباسیلوس و گوگرد روی تنش کم آبی در رقم خربزه خاتونی انجام شد.مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. رژیم‌ آبیاری به عنوان کرت اصلی در سطوح 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی خربزه و تیمارهای کودی به عنوان کرت فرعی شامل سه سطح تیوباسیلوس (بدون مایه تلقیح، 250 و 500 کیلوگرم گوگرد در هکتار همراه با 5 و 10 کیلوگرم مایه تلقیح باکتری با جمعیت 107 باکتری در گرم مایه تلقیح) بودند.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد صفات مورد مطالعه تحت تأثیر اعمال تنش قرار گرفتند به‌طوری که تنش کم آبی اثر معنی‌داری روی تمام صفات مورد بررسی داشت. از طرفی کاربرد گوگرد + تیوباسیلوس اثرات منفی تنش را کاهش داد و با افزایش صفات میزان کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید،تعداد میوه در بوته و وزن میوه نقش مهمی را در افزایش عملکرد در سطوح مختلف کم آبی داشت. برهمکنش تنش خشکی و کاربرد گوگرد بر تمامی صفات به جز میزان هدایت روزنه‌ای در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی کاربرد گوگرد+ تیوباسیلوس می تواند باعث بهبود صفات رشدی و افزایش عملکرد خربزه، در سطوح مختلف آبیاری شود و بیشترین میزان تأثیر کاربرد گوگرد + تیوباسیلوس در تیمار کم آبی 75 درصد نیاز آبی به میزان 500 کیلوگرم گوگرد در هکتار با 10 کیلوگرم تیوباسیلوس مشاهده شد و با افزایش تنش کم آبی تأثیر گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس در بهبود رشد و عملکرد خربزه کاهش یافت.

هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر، بررسی اثر برنامۀ تمرینی قدرتی مقاومتی برونگرا و درونگرا روی نسبت فعالیت عضلۀ پهن داخلی مایل به پهن خارجی بود. 26 مرد سالم در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. پروتکل تمرینی شامل 36 جلسه تمرین مقاومتی برونگرا و درونگرا با وزنه روی دستگاه پرس پا با شدت 80 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه بود. حداکثر انقباض اختیاری عضلۀ چهارسر ران و فعالیت الکترومیوگرافی عضلۀ پهن داخلی مایل و پهن خارجی، قبل و بعد از تمرینات مقاومتی برونگرا و درونگرا اندازه‌گیری شد. حداکثر انقباض اختیاری عضلۀ چهارسر ران و فعالیت الکترومیوگرافی عضلۀ پهن داخلی مایل و پهن خارجی بعد از تمرین به‌طور معناداری افزایش یافت (05/0P

به منظور ارزیابی اثر کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما در شرایط سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر خصوصیات رشدی و جذب برخی عناصر در گیاه ریحان آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397 در گلخانه اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل 3 سطح آبیاری (50، 75 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) به عنوان فاکتور اول و مایه‌زنی با قارچ تریکودرما (غلظت 108 ) و عدم مایه‌زنی با قارچ تریکودرما به عنوان فاکتور دوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد قارچ T. harzianum در سطوح مختلف آبیاری اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات رشدی و جذب عناصر در گیاه ریحان داشت. بیشترین میزان وزن تر (39.27 گرم در بوته) و خشک اندام هوایی (5.916 گرم در بوته) و وزن تر (5.365 گرم در بوته) و خشک ریشه (2.129 گرم در بوته) و سطح برگ (11.828 سانتیمتر مربع) در تیمار سطح آبیاری 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی همراه با کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان جذب عنصرهای فسفر(0.0038 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک)، پتاسیم (0199/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) و نیتروژن (0.01637 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار سطح آبیاری 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی همراه با کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش به طور کلی می‌توان بیان کرد کاربرد قارچ T. harzianum همراه با گیاه ریحان در شرایط سطوح مختلف آبیاری قابلیت بهبود رشد گیاه را داشته و منجر به افزایش کارایی گیاه و جذب مواد غذایی می‌شود.

مقدمه: تمرین ورزشی و سلنیوم راهکاری مؤثر برای تقویت سیستم ایمنی است. هدف از این پژوهش تأثیر تمرین تناوبی و مصرف مکمل نانو سلنیوم بر بیان ژن‎های HSP70 و PGC-1α بیضه در رت‎های تحت القای دگزامتازون است. روش‌کار: 40 سر رت نژاد ویستار در محدوده سنی 10 هفته که به طور تصادفی در 5 گروه 8 نفره (سالم، تحت القای دگزامتازون (بیمار)، بیمار+تمرین تناوبی طولانی مدت، بیمار+ مصرف مکمل نانوسلنیوم، بیمار+تمرین تناوبی طولانی مدت+ مصرف مکمل نانوسلنیوم) تقسیم شدند. برنامه تمرینی شامل 12-5 تکرار 1 دقیقه‎ای دویدن روی نوارگردان جوندگان با شدت 24 تا 30 متر در دقیقه، معادل 75 تا 100 درصد بیشینه اکسیژن مصرفی، با فواصل استراحت فعال 75 ثانیه‎ای بود. این تمرینات شش روز در هفته به مدت چهار هفته اجرا شد. محلول نانوذرات سلنیوم آماده شده، به میزان 100 میلی‌گرم در سایز 250 نانومتر به صورت گاواژ و یک روز درمیان به موش‎ها‎ داده شد. از تحلیل واریانس سه راهه برای تعیین اختلاف در متغیرهای بین گروهها در سطح معناداری (05/0> P) استفاده شد. کلیه محاسبات آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار Excel و SPSS نسخه 25 انجام گرفت. نتایج: نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از پژوهش نشان داد تمرین تناوبی منجر به افزایش معنادار HSP70 شد(05/0>P ). همچنین بیان ژن PGC-1α در گروه مکمل نانو سلنیوم و تمرین تناوبی منجر به افزایش معنا داری شد (05/0>P ). نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به پژوهش حاضر به نظر می‎رسد تمرین تناوبی و مصرف مکمل نانوسلنیوم منجر به افزایش معنادار HSP70 و PGC-1α می‎شود که نقش مهمی ‎در بهبود عملکرد ایمنی، بیماران دچار ضعف سیستم ایمنی دارد.

پسته یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات باغبانی است که نقش مهمی را در صادرات و درآمد ارزی کشور ایفا می‌کند. در سالیان اخیر وجود برخی مشکلات تغذیه‌ای و مدیریتی باعث کاهش عملکرد این محصول شده است. پژوهش حاضر به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی ترکیبات آمینواسیدی و عصاره جلبک دریایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی پسته انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل ترکیبات آمینواسیدی (آمینوسورن) و عصاره جلبک دریایی (آسکوفیلوم نودوسوم) در سه سطح صفر، 1 و 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتربود. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی صفات مورد بررسی بجز درصد خندانی و عرض خوشه تحت تأثیر تیمار آمینوسورن در سطح احتمال 1% معنی‌دار شد. اثر تیمار عصاره جلبک دریایی روی صفات وزن خوشه، تعداد پسته در خوشه، طول خوشه، میزان کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید در سطح احتمال 1% معنی‌دار بود. با توجه به اثر متقابل ترکیبات آمینواسیدی و عصاره جلبک دریایی، بیشترین وزن خوشه (33/68 گرم)، تعداد پسته در خوشه (33/28)، طول خوشه (8/22 سانتی‌متر)، میزان کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید (به ترتیب 95/3 و 759/0 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن تر برگ) در تیمار 2 میلی گرم در لیتر آمینوسورن+ 2 میلی گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک دریایی به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق ترکیب کودهای حاوی اسید آمینه و جلبک دریایی می‌تواند نقش بسزایی در بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه پسته ایفا کند.

Introduction: Chemerin and pentraxin 3 are involved in age-related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) along with the consumption of mulberry leaf extract supplement on the serum levels of chemerin and pentraxin 3 in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a clinical trial with a single-blind design, 40 elderly men with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to five groups: control, placebo, extract, exercise, and extract + exercise (8 people in each group). The exercises were done for eight weeks and three sessions for 90 minutes. 3000 ml of mulberry leaf extract per day was prescribed along with three main meals. Camerin and pentraxin 3 values were measured before the intervention and 48 hours after the last training session. Results: In the exercise, extract and exercise+extract groups, a significant decrease in the levels of chemerin (4/33%) and glucose (12/9%) and a significant increase in pentraxin 3 (4/12%) were observed (P<0/05). The results between groups showed a significant difference in the level of glucose (P=0/001), Chemerin (P=0/001) and Pentraxin 3 (P=0/001) and these changes in the extract + training group compared to the training groups And the extract isbigger. Conclusion: It seems that the administration of a combined program along with the consumption of mulberry leaf extract in diabetic elderly can have a positive effect on the improvement of cardiovascular inflammatory indicators affecting type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Light spectrum of growing environment is a determinant factor for plant growth and photosynthesis. Photoregulation is an effective strategy to improve productivity of plants. Light sources such as metal-halide, fluorescent, high-pressure sodium, neon lamps and light-emitting diode (LED) can be used for production of plants in closed environments instead of sun light. Nowadays, by using the LED technology, it is possible to study the physiological effect of different light spectra for optimization of growth conditions and for increase the production of plants in controlled environments. Due to high marketability, producers continually investigate to maximize yield and productivity of sage plant. The main purpose of this study was to examine and compare different combinations of LED light spectra on morphological, growth and biochemical response of sage plant. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of different light spectra were implemented and performed as a pot experiment soilless media in the plant growth chamber based on a completely randomized design with 6 lighting spectra including white, blue, red, red: blue (30:70, 50:50 and 70:30) with tree replication. The light intensity in all growth chambers was adjusted to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 250 ±10 μmol m-2 s-1 intensity and light spectrum were monitored using a sekonic light meter. Growth condition was set at 14/10 h day/night cycles, 25/20 oC day/night temperatures and 40% relative humidity. In this study, different morphological traits (plant height, root length, root volume, stem diameter, number of leaves, Leaf length, Leaf width, Leaf area, specific leaf area, Number of nodes, Internode length, Number of branches), vegetative parameters, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and biochemical characteristics were measured analyzed. Data analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using IBM SAS software (Version 9.1), and the differences between means were assessed using Duncan’s multiple range tests at P≤0.01. Results: The results showed that the morphological, growth and biochemical characteristics of sage plant were affected by different light spectra. Red: blue combinational lights caused a better growth in comparison with monochromatic red and blue lights. The plants grown under red light had the tallest stem in comparison with the stem lengths of plants grown under other light spectra. The highest shoot and root fresh weight were measured in red: blue (70:30) light. Highest root dry weight and root volume were detected under red: blue (70:30) and lowest values of them were observed under red light. In the present study, increasing the ratio of blue light led to the generation of short and small plants, while increasing the ratio of red light led to the improvement of growth characteristics. Concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments in the sage leaves were significantly influenced by the light spectra. The highest Chl a and Chl b concentration was observed under red: blue (50:50) and red: blue (70:30) lights. Highest Chl a+b content was detected under red: blue (70:30). Highest amount of total phenolic content and antiradical activity was observed in leaves of plants grown under red: blue (70:30) light. Conclusion: Growth, morphology and biochemical characteristics of sage plants were considerably influenced by light spectra in this study. In conclusion, combined red and blue lights (70:30) by inducing of production of more photosynthetic pigments improved growth and improving growth of sage plant. Therefore, it can be expressed that the presence of both wavelengths (blue and red) is necessary for a better and more complete growth of the plant. In general, it can be suggested that the use of LEDs can result in better economic production-controlled environment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, and various factors such as low body mass index and lack of physical activity are involved in the occurrence of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of circular resistance exercises, whole body vibration and their combination on 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone mineral density and functional factors in elderly people with osteoporosis. In a randomized controlled experiment with a pre-test-post-test design, 60 elderly men with osteoporosis with an age range of 65-78 years were randomly divided into four exercise groups: Circular resistance training (CRT, n=15), whole body vibration training (WBVT, n=15), combined (CRT + WBVT, n=15), and control (n=15). CRT with an intensity of 30 to 60% of the maximum repetition strength (1RM) was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. WBVT were performed in the form of 10 combined lower body and upper body movements with a frequency intensity between 25 to 45 Hz, an amplitude of 5 to 8 mm, and a time of each movement of 60 to 100 seconds, While the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. Body composition variables include; Fat-free weight (LBM), soft tissue weight (SLM) and skeletal muscle weight (SMM) using Body Composition Analyzer, bone density measurement using DEXA test and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 before and after the last training sessions. Data analysis was done by using paired sample t-test and analyze of covariance (ANCOVA) at a level less than 0.05. After 12 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement in BMD, balance, coordination, muscle strength, lean weight and skeletal muscle weight was observed after CRT and CRT + WBVT exercises in comparison with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in the variables of weight, body mass index, lean weight, soft tissue weight, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), BMD, balance, hydroxyvitamin D3 (p> 0.05). The findings of the current research show that performing CRT, WBVT and CRT + WBV exercises as a non-pharmacological treatment method can cause a significant increase in bone density and functional indicators of elderly men and has no effect on the hormonal indicators of elderly men with osteoporosis. Further studies with long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the common endocrine diseases that affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age. The purpose of this research was to explain the effect of Tabata training in water on TSP-1 and TIMP-3 and insulin resistance in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: To conduct this semi-experimental research, 30 women with a BMI greater than 29.9 in Isfahan city were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (metformin + Tabata exercise) (15 people) and control (metformin) (15 people). The Tabata training program consisted of 3 sessions per week for 40 minutes (10 minutes of warm-up, 20 minutes of exercise and 10 minutes of cooling down) consisting of 4-minute periods (20 seconds of activity and 10 seconds of rest) for 12 weeks. Subjects also took 500 mg metformin twice a day after breakfast and dinner. To measure the research variables, blood was taken after 12 to 14 hours of fasting and in two stages before and 48 hours after the last training session. To analyze the data, Shapiro-Wilk tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests were used. People with endocrine diseases, untreated thyroid, Cushing's syndrome (a type of metabolic syndrome in which high levels of glucocorticoids lead to insulin resistance in muscle tissue, liver and fat tissue), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, suspected ovarian or adrenal tumor, heart patients, use of oral contraceptive pills, progestin and hormone induction (Inplanol), use of hormone therapy or herbal medicines during the last 2 months, use of acupuncture during the last 2 months, exercise during Last 2 months, pregnancy, history of abortion or childbirth in the last 6 weeks, history of breastfeeding in the last 4 months, having bariatric surgery in the last 12 months, unwillingness to fill out the consent form to enter the study, patients with or with a history of Cervical, endometrial, or breast cancer were excluded from the study. After selecting the sample, the subjects completed the personal information questionnaire and blood was drawn after 12 hours of overnight fasting to determine the level of insulin resistance factors, TSP-1 and TIMP-3. Then the experimental group did the training program including 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted 40 minutes and also used metformin. But the control group only took metformin. The exercise protocol consisted of 10 minutes of walking forwards, backwards, sideways, and jogging in the shallow part of the pool (where the water level is below the neck) and then doing stretching exercises. Then, Tabata training was performed with a special training song for 20 minutes and 10 minutes of stretching and cooling down. 48 hours after the last training session, blood was drawn again from all subjects. Also, in order to comply with ethical considerations at the end of the research, the treatment protocols in the form of manuals were provided to the control group so that they can use it if they wish. Similar to protocols on land, in water intensity interval training programs, participants complete "very hard" bouts with "easy" recovery periods, and due to the higher viscosity and density of water, large movements with increased speed will have greater resistance to water flow. He said that this leads to the creation of an ideal environment for increasing work efficiency and energy consumption. Also, metformin is a biguanide drug and is sensitive to insulin. This drug is able to limit the secretion of insulin and its increase. It also reduces the amount of androgen secretion that is secreted from the ovary and adrenal gland. Therefore, metformin seems to be an effective drug in patients with PCOS, especially in those who are resistant to clomiphene. Metformin improves the menstrual cycle in patients with the syndrome and causes an increase in the sensitivity of the response of drugs effective in stimulating ovulation, especially in women with PCOS resistant to clomiphene citrate, and leads to a decrease in obesity. Results: The results showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in insulin resistance and a significant increase in TSP-1 and TIMP-3 in the experimental group. The results showed that 12 weeks of Tabata training in water has a significant effect on insulin resistance in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (P=0.0001, f3.59=11.097). Also, the results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the water training group and the control post-test group and the post-test of the water training group with test control group, but does not have there is a significant difference between the other groups. In this study, it was found that 12 weeks of Tabata training in water has a significant effect on TIMP-3 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (P=0.0001, f3,59=20/270). Also, the results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the water exercise group and the post-test of the water exercise group and between the post-test of the water exercise group and the control but pretest and the control post-test, There is no significant difference between the other groups. In the present study, it was found that 12 weeks of Tabata training in water has a significant effect on TSP-1 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (P=0.0001, f3,59=111/20). Also, the results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the water exercise group and the post-test of the water exercise group and between the post-test of the water exercise group and the control.but pre-test and the control post-test, There is no significant difference between the other groups. In the present study, it was found that 12 weeks of Tabata training in water has a significant effect on TIMP-3 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Also, the results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the water exercise group and the post-test of the water exercise group and between the post-test of the water exercise group and the control pre-test and the control post-test, but between the other groups. There is no significant difference. Another finding showed that 12 weeks of Tabata training program in water and metformin intake led to a significant increase in TIMP-3 factor in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, so that there was a significant difference between the pre-test of the water training group and the post-test of the water training group. On the one hand, there is a significant difference between the post-test of water training, the control pre-test and the control post-test. According to our studies, the effect of sports activity on TIMP-3 changes has not been investigated yet. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the effect of Tabata exercise in water along with metformin on the factors involved in angiogenesis and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Overweight and obesity are related to increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and some specific cancers. In recent years, inactivity, obesity and metabolic syndrome have been increasing in developing societies (2). Among various diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome is among the cases that are strongly related to obesity (3). Studies in recent decades have shown that PCO syndrome can be a pro-inflammatory stage, because among them cardiovascular diseases, diabetes 2, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are seen with a high incidence (4). In the meantime, investigating and identifying the inflammatory causes of this condition for the above reasons can help specialists in its treatment with the process of reducing its negative effects through aerobic exercise. In this regard, the above research investigated some inflammatory factors such as E-selectin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). To improve the physical condition of obese people, instead of medicine, sports activities, both anaerobic and aerobic, are used, and each of these activities affects the improvement of physical condition through different mechanisms (2). Researchers believe that regular and not heavy exercise is a healthy and natural method for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome apart from clinical treatments (18). Physical activity improves menstrual irregularity, ovulation, ovarian morphology and fertility by reducing abdominal fat, blood sugar, blood fat, reducing insulin resistance, affecting hormone secretion and reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Be (7). But the question is, what exercise? With what intensity? And for how long? Treatment with all kinds of drugs may cause male characteristics, and unfortunately, most of the side effects are irreversible, so non-drug treatment strategies are necessary and need to be examined and studied. On the other hand, by reviewing the research done inside and outside the country, no research has been done on the effect of Tabata exercise on the research variables and even aerobic exercise on the research variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, so the purpose of this research is to determine The effect of a session of Tabata exercise in water and metformin on E-selectin and NF-κB in obese women with PCOS. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental and applied with a pre-test-post-test research design. For this purpose, 30 women with a body mass index greater than 29.9 in Isfahan city, who were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome by an endocrinologist or gynecologist and diagnostic tests and ultrasound, were considered as a statistical sample. They were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (metformin + exercise in water) and control. 24 Before starting the exercises, the subjects first completed the personal information questionnaire and blood was taken after 12 hours of overnight fasting to determine the level of the variables. Experimental group for 12 weeks, 3 sessions a week and each session 40 minutes of exercises in the water (including 10 minutes of walking forward, backward, sideways and soft running in the shallow part of the pool where the water level is below the neck and Then they performed stretching exercises. Then they performed Tabata exercise with a special exercise song played in the pool for 20 minutes, and then they did 10 minutes of stretching and cooling (22) and 500 mg metformin twice consumed during the day and after breakfast and dinner. 48 hours after the last training session, blood was taken again from all subjects. At the end, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Shapiro-Wilk test to check the normality of data distribution and covariance analysis to check research hypotheses using spss/21 software at a significance level of α≤0.05 were used. became. Results: The results showed that the E-selectin factor in obese women with PCOS at the end of the period in the group of Tabata exercise in water and metformin intake had a significant difference compared to the control group (P=0.001 and F=134.6). Tukey's post hoc test results It showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the Tabata training group in water and the post-test of the Tabata training group in water on the one hand, and between the post-test of the Tabata training group in water and the pre-test and post-test of the control group on the other hand, but between the other groups. There is no significant difference. (Table 2). The results showed that Tabata exercise in water and metformin consumption have a significant effect on NF-Κb factor in obese women with PCOS (P=0.025 and F=354.3). The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the pretest of the Tabata group in water and the post-test of the Tabata group in water, but there is no significant difference between the other groups (Table 3). Conclusion: The results showed that the E-selectin factor was significantly higher in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome at the end of the period in the aerobic exercise and metformin group than in the control group. The results of the follow-up test showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the Tabata aerobic training group and the post-test of the Tabata aerobic training group on the one hand, and between the post-test of the Tabata aerobic training group and the pre-test and post-test of the control group on the other hand, but between the other There is no significant difference between the groups. Aerobic exercises decreased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 adhesive molecules; While its effects on E-selectin and P-selectin have been inconsistent. Of course, it seems that the effect of aerobic exercise on these conditions depends on the type and duration of the exercise intervention and the disease conditions such as the presence of ischemia. As presented in this review, there is a high level of evidence that sports activity has a positive effect on key factors in the development of atherosclerosis. This can partly explain the scientifically proven anti-atherogenic effects of aerobic exercise and has significant clinical effects (23). The results showed that the NF-Κb factor in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome was significantly lower in the aerobic exercise and metformin group at the end of the period than in the control group. The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test of the Tabata aerobic exercise group and the post-test of the Tabata aerobic exercise group, but there is no significant difference between the other groups. In the explanation above, it can be stated that NF-κb is stimulated and activated in response to cellular stimuli. So far, about 450 stimuli, including physical, chemical, physiological and oxidative stimuli, have been identified for NFκB. Also, mitogens, receptor ligands, bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and their products, pro-inflammatory cytokines and some pathological conditions are among the stimuli of this transcription factor (28). The transcription factor NFκB is responsible for supplying a large number of pro-inflammatory genes, including cytokines, chemokines, immune receptors, enzymes and other pro-inflammatory molecules (29). Inappropriate activity of NFκB is one of the mechanisms of some diseases, especially those associated with inflammation (30). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Nowadays, the use of energizing substances has become a complex complicated problem in sports and causes damage to various tissues, on the other hand. However, sports activity has a significant impact on controlling and improving oxidative stress factors and inflammatory indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight- weeks of resistance training on lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanazol. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats with a weight range of 150-200 g and a mean age of 8 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each), namely 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh), 3) consumption of stanazol (S), and 4) consumption of stanazol together with resistance training (S+RT). During eight weeks, both groups of 3 and 4 received 5 mg/kg stanazol intraperitoneally daily; however, group 4 performed resistance training three times a week with an intensity of 30%-100% of their body weight. A one-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data (P<0.05). Results: Stanazol had a significant effect on increasing MDA (P=0.001) and TNF-α (P=0.001) in heart tissue. However, resistance training led to a decrease in MDA (P=0.001) and TNF-α (P=0.001) in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanazol. Conclusion: It seems that the consumption of anabolic steroids, especially stanazol, increased stress and MDA and TNF-α in the heart, while resistance training can could improve the increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factorsdecrease its findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit with their results showing different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars "Golden Delicious" and "Red Delicious", an experiment was carried out in factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in orchard of Mashhad Agricultural Research Center in 2021. Fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics, including weight, volume, density, length, diameter, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, phenol content, antioxidant properties and anthocyanin have been measured. The highest amount of total phenol (652.9 μg.g-1FW) and anthocyanin (35.9 mg.g-1FW) has been measured in "Red delicious" on M9 rootstock. The results of this study show that "Red delicious" has had the highest amount of diameter (78/64 mm) and weight (166/9 g). The highest amount of fruit firmness has been observed in M9 rootstock (5/64 kgcm-3). In general, the results of this study indicate a different effect of rootstock and cultivar interaction on the studied characteristics. Depending on the purpose of gardener, different grafting compounds can be recommended "Red delicious" on M9 and MM106 rootstock with highest amount of total phenol and anthocyanin is suggested as a valuable grafting compounds in terms of health benefits under Mashhad Climatic Conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that causes oxidative stress. However, physical activity improves the antioxidant status of the heart. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the indices of oxidative stress in the heart tissue in male rats exposed to diazinon. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats with a weight of 150 to 200 gm and an average age of eight weeks were randomly divided into three groups )n=8), including 1) control (C), 2) diazinon (D), and 3) HIIT and diazinon (HD). Groups 2 and 3 received diazinon 1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally for five days a week for eight weeks. Group 3 also underwent HIIT with an intensity of 85% to 110% of VO2max and a speed of 15-25 m/min for eight weeks. After eight weeks, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) gene expression were measured in the heart tissue. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 22) and running the Shapiro-Wilk statistical test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Moreover, a P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The findings showed that diazinon significantly increased MDA (P=0.001) and decreased SOD and CAT (P=0.001) in the heart tissue. On the other hand, HIIT led to a decrease in MDA (P=0.001) and an increase in the antioxidant indices of SOD (P=0.001) and CAT (P=0.01) in the heart tissue of rats exposed to diazinon. Conclusion: It seems that regular HIIT had protective effects against heart tissue damage by diazinon poisoning by reducing oxidative stress indicators and increasing antioxidant activities in the heart tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Razi Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Iran University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: Extensive prevalence of myocardial infraction, and an increase of 36% in total deaths due to it by 2020, and attention to the causes and methods of alternative therapy is very important. There are different ways in treating these patients that endurance training is one of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of incremental endurance training on serum levels of TSP-1 and MMP-1 in male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: In this controled experimental study with control group, 20 rats weighing 230 ±30 g (8-week-old) were randomly divided into incremental endurance training and control, after induction of infarction with Isoproteronol (150 mg/kg). The training group performed an 8-week training session (3 sessions a week, for 20 to 50 minutes at 12 to 18 meters per minute).Then, 24 hours later, the venous blood sample was collected to evaluate serum concentrations of TSP-1 and MMP-1 and transferred to the laboratory. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data at a significant level of p <0.05 to Graphed Pad software. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1397.007 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Iran. Findings: The results showed that endurance training significantly increased serum MMP1 levels (p = 0.048) in rats with myocardial infraction, while there was no significant effect (p = 0.092) on the exercise program in serum TSP-1 levels. Conclusion: the result of this study suggests that increasing endurance training may increase MMP-1 in rats with myocardial infraction, which can play an important role in angiogenesis and replacement of capillaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Disturbance in the immune system is one of the main causes of endometriosis. Previous studies have shown the role of physical activity and antioxidant supplements on regulating the expression of genes related to improving the immune system, and reducing inflammation and infection. The present study examines the effect of swimming and vitamin E supplementation on the expression of NFKβ1 and P65 genes in endometriosis model rats. Materials and methods: Thirty female rats were divided into six groups (n=5 per group); healthy, endometriosis, without exercise-saline-endometriosis, exercise-saline-endometriosis, without exercise supplement-endometriosis, and exercise-supplement-endometriosis. Endometriosis was surgically induced. Physical activity included swimming for eight weeks, five sessions/week and 30 minutes/session, and supplement was provided by daily gavage of 200 mg of vitamin E/kg for eight weeks. Twenty four hours after the last swimming session, the animals were sacrificed and the endometriosis tissue was removed. Relative expression levels of NFKB1 and P65 genes were measured using Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA. Results: Induction of endometriosis caused a significant increase in the expression of genes studied (P<0.05). Exercise and vitamin E independently caused a significant decrease in the genes expression in rats (P<0.05). No synergistic effect was observed regarding the effect of exercise and vitamin E on the dependent variables (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, swimming and vitamin E supplement can be considered in improving endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]