Search

Comparative consideration and comparing difference and similarity aspects of Iran and world famous writers, in addition to description of domestic authors position, results in richness of fiction. Story, is gate of entrance to unknown world of imagination; therefore "any text created by author's imagination that apart from quality and quantity of author's fidelity to reality, pictures one or more characters and one or more events in convergence of unique or multiple time and place, is called story" (Biniyaz, 2008, p.15). This inquiry focuses on comparative consideration of Goli Taraghi and Alice Munro's works. Comparative literature is an important field of literature that "consider, analyze relations and similarities among various literatures and nationalities")Mohseninia, 2014, p.33(. Undoubtedly, exploring nations' literature, comparing, and contrasting them with each other, besides identifying defects and perfection of literature of any country, causes promotion of its position. On the other hand, psychological analysis of character element in story helps with more accurate analysis of characters and levels the way for achieving viewpoint of work author. Psychological theory Enneagram is among novel typologies that has been neglected in researches of fiction, and due to the diversity of characters, and its comprehensiveness, has been attended in this paper. This psychological theory, characterizes humans' behavioral features in 9 personality types of Reformer, Helper, Achiever, individualist, Investigator, Loyalist, Enthusiast, Challenger, and Peacemaker. Researcher has analyzed and investigated selected works of two famous Iranian and Canadian authors of short stories based on Enneagram pattern to achieve new window of both author's worldviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the theoretical framework of ecofeminism, the paper seeks to delineate the vision of the contemporary Canadian short story writer ,Alice Munro(1931-), in juxtaposing culture oppressing women, and man exploiting Nature through reading “Meneseteung” and “Before the change”. The paper investigates the social dimensions oppressing women and the woman/nature bond in the selected works focusing on their affinity and their shared experience of exploitation and oppression at the hands of men. In “Meneseteung,” Munro uses gender to oppose social trivialities and expected roles while in “Before the Change” she uses gender to oppose apparently religious arrangements till both female protagonists reach epiphany. While in “Meneseteung” Munro uses nature as the external environment with its non-humans, in “Before the Change” she concentrates on deep human nature. Both works of art depict the relationship between female characters and nature as a necessity for survival in a patriarchal society that reinforces dualism. Munro proves totally against the capitalist and patriarchal forces within the Canadian society, aims at a general social change and warns her readers against selfish schemes that subordinate both nature and women to men. من خلال الإطار النظري للنقد النسوي البيئي تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى تحديد رؤية الکاتبة الکندية المعاصرة أليس مونرو في موازاة الثقافة القاهرة للمرأة مع استغلال الإنسان للطبيعة من خلال قراءة قصتيها " مينيسيتينج" و " قبل التغيير". تتقصى الورقة البحثية الأبعاد الاجتماعية التي تقهر المرأة وعلاقة المرأة بالطبيعة في العملين المختارين مع الترکيز على تجربتهما المشترکة في القمع والاستغلال على أيدي رجال. فکشفت مونرو تناقضات الثقافة الکندية التي تتوقع سکوت المرأة والتظاهر بجهل الأشياء التي تعلمها جيداً الأمر الذي انعکس على الطبيعة. استخدمت مونرو "النوع" في قصة "مينيسيتنج" لمعارضة التفاهات الاجتماعية والأدوار المتوقعة من المرأة في حين أنها استخدمت النوع في قصة" قبل التغيير" لنقد مخططات دينية ظاهرية في المجتمع إلي أن وصلت الشخصية الرئيسة في کل عمل على حده إلي مرحلة الاستيعاب الکامل. جسد العملان العلاقة بين الشخصيتين الرئيستين والطبيعة کضرورة للتعايش في مجتمع ذکوري يعزز الثنائية. أثبتت مونرو أنها ضد القوى الرأسمالية والذکورية في المجتمع الکندي وأنها تهدف إلى تغيير اجتماعي کما حذرت قراءها من المخططات الأنانية التي تتسبب في خضوع کل من الطبيعة و المرأة لرجال.