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Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alexandria Science Exchange Journal is the property of Alexandria Science Exchange Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Palm is considered one of the most important fruit crops that can be benefited from economically, in addition to the possibility of exporting, manufacturing and increasing household income in its production areas in Egypt. Giza Governorate ranked first in both the cultivated area, which amounted to 36.2 thousand feddans, It represents about 26.97% of the total area for the year 2020, and the production was estimated at about 284 thousand tons, representing about 16.6% of the total production for the year 2020. In spite of this, the average production of the palm does not reflect the hope for this production. The research aimed to estimate the function of production costs for dates in the long run, as well as its most important economic derivatives, which are the average total production costs and the economies of scale, marginal production costs, elasticity of production costs, and optimal production volume, As well as the supply function in the long run. The research showed that the curve expressing the economies of capacity for dates takes the traditional U-shape, and the elasticity of production costs at the average production level was estimated at about 0.90, which means that the production of dates in Giza Governorate is still in the stage of Increasing Returns to Scale, and many farms have not reached the optimum production capacity. The size that maximizes the profit was estimated at about 17.33 tons, which is reached by cultivating an area estimated at 3.08 feddans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legume crops especially lentil is among the most important food groups due to their high nutritional value and due to their economic importance among winter crops. The cultivated area of it may compete with the areas of competing crops in the same agricultural cycle, and the expansion of its cultivation is related to the nature and quality of the economic and productive variables. The research problem was represented in the local production deficit of the lentil crop as a result of the decrease in the cultivated area of it, and then the increase in the deficit in the balance of payments. The aim of the research to study the most important factors that affect farmers' decisions and their response to cultivating lentil. The most important results that the cultivated area of the lentil crop is decreasing annually by a statistically amount about 183.3feddans during the period (2001-2020). From the results of the response supply function, it was found that there is an economically logical inverse relationship between the cultivated area of lentil in the current year and the agricultural price of lentil, the agricultural price of, the agricultural price of alfalfa crop, the price of beet, the price of chickpea, the price of flaxseed and the price of the garlic crop. This means that a decrease in the agricultural price of the previous variables by one pound leads to an increase in the area currently planted with lentil about 2.129, 1.005, 1.117, 1.9, 2.1, 1.98, 5.2 feddans, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bee breeding is one of the important agricultural and economic activities that can contribute to economic and social development, provide job opportunities for youth, and the role of bees in raising crop productivity. The research problem is the decrease in production of honey bees, despite its economic, nutritional and medical importance, and this means that there are deficiencies and problems that impede the optimal use of the development of honey bee production in Qalyubia Governorate. The research aimed Upgrading the efficiency of using the productive resources used to produce honey to achieve the maximum possible return, by optimum use of production inputs for honey bee in Governorate to increase its production and reduce its production costs. The most important research result is Estimating the general time trend of the development of honey production in Egypt during the period 2000/2019, and it was found that the production of honey is decreasing by about 252.8 tons annually, the determined coefficient that 90% of the change in the production of honey is due to the factor of time. The rate of return on investment was about 0.6, 1.3 and 1.4 for projects (the first, second and third categories) respectively. The net present value for (the first, second and third categories) was estimated at 10 thousand pounds, 53.6 thousand pounds, 90 thousand pounds, respectively. Estimating the capacity efficiency for the first and second productive category, they amounted about 0.980, 0.972, respectively and this means that the apiaries didn’t reach the capacity efficiency and can reach it by increasing their production by an estimated rate of about 2%, 3%, but the capacity efficiency of the third category apiaries is about 1, this means that the apiaries in this category have achieved capacity efficiency, and they operate at the optimum production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the agricultural sector is influenced by a range of economic policies, the most important of them is the agricultural price policies, whose objectives vary with different stages of economic development as well as the economic policies followed in the country. Sugar cane and sugar beet crops are sugar crops that are used not only in Egypt but in most countries of the world. The problem of the study was the inability of the local sugar production of 2196 thousand tons to cope with the increase in the requirements of increasing domestic consumption of about 3230 thousand tons in the light of the inability to expand the cultivation of sugar cane as a main crop in sugar production in Egypt, and the growing food gap. Sugar imports, which amounted to about 964 thousand tons, and then increase the import gap, which reflects negatively on the agricultural trade balance, which entails knowing the changes in the Egyptian agricultural policies and the changes that resulted in distortions in the markets. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate some economic transactions to identify the essence of the Egyptian agricultural policies followed by the state in the production of the crop to know the extent of deviation of market prices for sugar crops from economical prices to see the degree of non-employment of resources. The following conclusions were reached: The results of the analysis of the agricultural policy matrix of the crops under study showed that the nominal protection coefficient of production inputs was estimated at 0.74 and 0.69 for sugarcane and sugar beet crops, respectively, indicating that there is no support for production inputs. The nominal protection coefficient of production was estimated at 0.74 and 0.76 for sugarcane and sugar beet crops, respectively, indicating that the state imposes direct and indirect taxes on the product and provides subsidies to the consumer. The effective protection coefficient, estimated at 0.74 and 0.77, for sugarcane and sugar beet crops, respectively, indicates implicit taxes, which means that the value-added of these crops is low and therefore not protected during the study period. The comparative advantage coefficient was about 27% and 31%, indicating a comparative advantage for Egypt in the production of sugarcane and sugar beet crop during the study period respectively, where 0.27 and 0.31 local resources are needed to generate unit of foreign currency for sugar cane and sugar beet crops during Period of study, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]