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Статья посвящена анализу “De vita contemplativa” («О созерцательной жизни») — труда Юлиана Померия, христианского писателя второй половины V в. В работе раскрываются основные положения концепции Померия о «созерцательной жизни» — посмертного ангелоподобного состояния истинной близости к Богу, которого могут достичь праведники. В ходе исследования подчеркивается важность пастырской деятельности епископов в описании Померия: он видит путь к созерцательной жизни не в отшельничестве и уединении, а в активной проповеди и помощи неимущим. Отмечается, что Померий выступает за отказ священнослужителей от своего имущества в пользу Церкви, в то время как сами епископы должны выступать по отношению к церковному имуществу не как собственники, а как распорядители и управляющие. В связи с этим показана взаимосвязь эсхатологического аспекта его концепции с материальным положением Церкви: именно финансовые возможности позволяют Церкви обеспечить своим служителям необходимые условия для жизни и исполнения своих обязанностей, следовательно, и для достижения ими идеала созерцательной жизни. more...

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of KUL Journal of Legal Studies / Studia Prawnicze KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lubin / Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

This review analyses A. B. Kamensky’s book Love, Passion and Despair — Russian Crimes in the 18th Century. The author devotes his work to the struggle between the state and the church in early modern Russia, showing this through the changing legal norms that were used primarily to regulate the sphere of marriage and family relations. Each chapter analyses the process of criminalisation of such socially reprehensible deviations as extramarital sexual relations, rape, incest, violation of marriage regulations, suicide and others. One of the merits of the publication is the wealth of empirical material that perfectly illustrates the main trends in the development of Russian law. At the same time, the abundance of data seems to be one of the shortcomings of the study, as it sometimes tends to conceal from the reader the original intention of the book. more...

The article examines the theological content of the controversy that unfolded between the leaders of the Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius in connection with the proposal of Archpriest Sergiy Bulgakov on the "partial intercommunion" – the Eucharistic communion of Anglicans and Orthodox, members of the Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius. The Fellowship was founded at the second Anglo-Orthodox Congress in St. Albans in 1928. Bulgakov put forward a proposal for communion at one of the annual conferences of the Fellowship in 1933, i.e. after five years of its existence. According to Bulgakov, partial intercommunion could not replace the whole reunion of churches, but could serve as its beginning. Bulgakov's proposal for communion caused a heated discussion that lasted for three years. Opinions were divided on both the Anglican and Orthodox sides. The discussion was preserved on the pages of the Journal of the Fellowship and in the confidential correspondence of the members of the Executive Committee and the Paris Group, which was conducted in English. The main exponents of the opposite positions were Archpriest Sergey Bulgakov and Archpriest George Florovsky. At the heart of these disagreements was a different idea of the nature of the Church. Both sides assumed that the Church is one and catholic ("sobornaya"), but they understood the content of these concepts differently. In Florovsky's understanding, "sobornost" should have a dogmatic basis, while Bulgakov believed that "sobornost" has a mysterious-charismatic basis. In practical terms, the discussion turned around two possible ways of the ecumenical movement and their combination: the "diplomatic" method of reunification and the "molecular" action. The translation of several documents from the correspondence of the members of the Executive Committee of the Fellowship and the Paris Group is published as an appendix for the first time: a confidential note by A.F. Dobbie-Bateman to the members of the Executive Committee, letters from A.V. Kartashev and Archpriest George Florovsky, as well as a letter from N. Zernov, which outlines the discussion of Bulgakov's project at a meeting of the Brotherhood of Saint Sophia on October 29, 1933 in Paris. more...

The activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS), founded in 1882, reflected important trends in the socio-political and ideological development of Russia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Created mostly on order to strengthen the political influence of Russia in the Holy Land, and to assist the pilgrims arriving there, the IOPS, from the point of view of its founders, had another extremely important task – to develop the contacts between the power structures and the conservative upper classes of society with the masses of the common people. Seeking to reach this goal, the IOPS launched the extensive publishing activities, established its local departments in the dioceses and organized there the so-called popular readings dedicated to the Holy Land. In the course of these activities, a number of problems emerged related to the question of the ways and mechanisms of interaction between an educated society and the masses. It was necessary to realize what subjects and forms of presentation of the material would attract the people to the greatest extent, what forms of communication should be used, how much the consciousness of the intelligentsia differs from the system of ideas of the social lower classes. The solution of these issues was supposed to help strengthen the religious foundations of people's self-consciousness in the period of growing socio-political turbulence. The conservative leaders of IOPS also believed that developing of the above-mentioned activities would give them the opportunity to comprehend the peculiarities of the common people’s worldview. The beginning of the revolution in 1905, the development of secularization tendencies and the aggravation of social contradictions did not allow the IOPS to fulfill the intended program. However, its activities became an important page in the history of Russia in the pre-revolutionary period. more...

Статья посвящена двухтомному изданию полного собрания переписки В. В. Розанова и П. П. Перцова (499 писем), подготовленному сотрудниками Института русской литературы Е. И. Гончаровой и О. Л. Фетисенко и выпущенному Издательством «Пушкинский Дом» в серии «Русские беседы» в 2023 г. Это научное издание, посвященное переписке чрезвычайно популярного, хотя и противоречивого публициста, литературного критика, эссеиста и мыслителя В. В. Розанова с гораздо менее известным литератором П. П. Перцовым, который составил и издал четыре ранние книги писателя и тем самым проложил ему дорогу к известности, устраняет заметную лакуну в освоении эпистолярного наследия Розанова. Несмотря на гораздо большую известность В. В. Розанова, письма не столь знаменитого, но широко образованного и вполне самостоятельного критика, публициста, издателя и философа П. П. Перцова, имеющего по всем обсуждаемым вопросам собственное, независимое мнение, представляют собой важное «контрапунктное» дополнение к ним. Более того, часто письма Перцова являются своеобразной дружеской «поправкой» к идеям Розанова, предстающего перед читателем в этой переписке во всем блеске его безудержной фантазии и дерзких, а порой и шокирующих литературных «фуг» и «рапсодий». В статье рассматриваются индивидуальные особенности характеров и творческого почерка обоих корреспондентов. Прослеживаются основные этапы этой творческой дружбы, нашедшей отражение в письмах. Впервые публикуемая в полном объеме и с такими подробными, тщательно выполненными комментариями переписка представляет собой количественно и качественно новый этап в освоении эпистолярного наследия В. В. Розанова и П. П. Перцова в контексте изучения всего творческого наследия двух писателей, а также русской литературно-«Художественные фуги» и «Боевые рапсодии» 22-летней переписки философской мысли Серебряного века. Выполненное на высоком профессиональном уровне, с широким охватом литературно-философской проблематики, издание переписки вносит существенный вклад в изучение русской культуры рубежа XIX и XX вв. more...

Задача статьи состоит в рассмотрении сюжетов и мотивов былин, в которых упоминается церковь, и в попытке определения места и семантики церкви (храма) в художественном мире былин. Для анализа были отобраны севернорусские былины из уже вышедших томов Свода русского фольклора (записанные на реках Печора, Мезень, Кулой, Пинега, на Зимнем берегу Белого моря и в Пудожье), обращено внимание на то, как и в каком контексте упоминаются в них церкви. Рассмотрены встречающиеся в былинах виды церквей, элементы их экстерьера и интерьера, посвящения церквей, церковные таинства и службы, персонажи — строители и служители церквей. В результате исследования делается вывод о прочности вхождения локуса «церковь» в былины, о ключевом месте церкви в эпическом мире былин и о присутствии в ее семантике не только и не столько «смыслов» из духовной сферы, сколько довольно ярких семантических оттенков, связанных с политической, социальной и экономической областями жизни. Таким образом, церковь, хотя и является, как указано в Словаре языка русского фольклора, наиболее распространенной лексемой (концептом) былин из кластера «религия», по существу, не так много может дать для изучения духовной сферы жизни, отраженной в былинах, но при этом она предоставляет возможность многоаспектного анализа художественного мира русских былин. more...

This article analyzes the current state of the church-public dialogue. The reasons for decline in public trust in the Russian Orthodox Church, fixed on the basis of sociological data, are revealed. Methodological remarks of sociological dimension of the religiosity of the population are given. The authors make an assumption about the incorrect interpretation of the concept of “secular”, dictated by the previous experience of state-confessional relations in the Soviet era. The problem of interpreting the concept of “secular” in the legal, religious studies and confessional planes as problematizing the foundations of the church-public dialogue is investigated. It emphasizes the inadmissibility of interpreting the concept of “secularism” as the complete elimination of religious institutions from public life, as well as the need to build a dialogue on equal terms. Based on the content analysis of the digital space, three main risk-trends for reducing trust in the Church on the part of secular society are identified — the growth of protest anti-religiousness, the growth of “protest” religiosity and the growth of “alternative” religiosity. For each risk trend, its causes and features are analyzed, and an analytical forecast of possible scenarios for its development is made. Particular attention is paid to those trends that can potentially lead to destabilization of social relations and have the most destructive consequences. Concrete practical ways are proposed to overcome the existing contradictions both on the part of the Church and on the part of society. The need to spread education in the field of religion, sustained in a neutral key, is affirmed, the destructive nature of the interpretation of the role of the Church in society as a translator of ethics and morality is emphasized. more...

The article examines the question of the theological origins of the philosophy named after A. F. Losev. The analysis shows that the notions of name as energy and name as cosmos are related to Losev's turning to the Old Testament and early Christian terminological traditions of using the concept of "Name" to convey the idea of the divine presence. As a result of accepting the Greek philosophical terminology on the part of the Christian Church, the idea of the divine presence in the created world began to be conveyed through the term of divine energy. A.F. Losev believes that the identification of the name and the signified thing is a sign of pre-philosophical mythological thinking in general. It gives a clue to the mentioned Old Testament tradition of the name divinity. Philosophical secular thinking fundamentally departs from such a religious worldview element. For this reason, philosophical and archaic worldviews can be seen in the two mentioned customs, which have been reflected in the theological terminology. The theological perception of the philosophical categorical system has not resulted in the complete displacement of "name" from the Christian theological discourse. The ancient Bible tradition of conveying the idea of the divine presence in the categories of "name" and "glory" is evident in a number of the holy fathers' works (St. Justin the Philosopher, St. John Chrysostom, St. Isaac of Nineveh). "Name" as a term close to the that of "energy" is more peculiar to Liturgical texts as A.F. Losev sees it. Losev's idea of God's name as the ontological energetic foundation of the cosmos, usually seen as a borrowing from Neoplatonism, goes back, among other things, to the doctrine of the church as the Body of Christ. more...

This article examines Nikolai’s views on Church-state relations and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church. These two questions are inextricably linked because having founded and developed the Japanese Orthodox Church, Nikolai sought to build up its relations with the Japanese state, the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state, according to his understanding of the Orthodox ideal, and his views therefore had a direct bearing on his activities and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church. The topic of Nikolai’s ideas about the status of the Japanese Church is poorly covered by the available literature, which predominantly adopts the simplistic view that Nikolai immediately tried to create a church that was as independent from the Russian Church as possible. This view, however, relies on individual comments taken out of context. The issue is important both in itself and for those who wish to investigate how far the potential indigenisation of the Orthodox Church can be stretched, as well as Nikolai’s views on the matter. The authors conclude that it would be a gross over-simplification to say that Nikolai supported an independent Japanese Church from the outset of his work in the country. In fact, he advocated close ties with the Russian Church for the foreseeable as a guarantee of the Japanese Church’s commitment to true Orthodoxy and fought actively against those who supported premature independence. While it is true that for pragmatic purposes, he would publicly express opinions in support of actual independence for the Japanese Church, this only took place during a period of growth in anti-Russian sentiment in Japan and he would only do so to protect the Church from attacks. more...

The article examines the transformation of relations between the state and the Church in the aspect of the repressive policy of the Soviet government on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod diocese in the period 1918 – 1921. This study reflects issues directly related to the reaction of the church administration to the unfolding full-scale persecution. The author compares the situation in the Nizhny Novgorod diocese with the historical circumstances in other dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church and finds that the Nizhny Novgorod scenario is typical. Nevertheless, there are some features of the historical picture on the Nizhny Novgorod land, due to certain circumstances and personal characteristics of representatives of both secular and Ecclesiastical authorities. This article hypothesizes that the loyal position of the ruling bishop and the diocesan council in relation to the Soviet government did not lead to the cessation of persecution, but contributed to a partial improvement in the state of church affairs in the field. The analysis of the historical situation shows how the degree of loyalty of the diocesan administration towards the new government has changed, taking into account the aggressive pressure from the ruling circles. Russian Russian Orthodox Church. The results of this study can be used in works aimed at studying the history of the Russian Orthodox Church during the period of the beginning of the persecution to obtain a holistic picture of church life, the life of believers in Russia on the example of the Russian province. more...

The article is devoted to the study of the history of women's education in the Stavropol region. In the system of education of women of pre-revolutionary Russia were secondary schools - gymnasiums and eparchial female school. The article explores the process of creation and evolution of the Stavropol eparchial female school (1875-1919). more...

The article touches upon the theme of the unity of the church, which arises in the context of a hypothetical polemic between the bearers of the pro-Catholic and conservative Orthodox positions. In the absence of any developed ecclesiological teaching, the content of the fundamental features of the Church listed in the Nicene-Tsaregrad Creed remains the subject of academic and theological reflection. The text of the essay At the Walls of Chersonesos was used as a material for this reflection because it discusses the problem of church unity with rare frankness and directness, which was facilitated by the genre of an imaginary conversation between fictional characters chosen by Bulgakov. The views presented during the controversy are still valid today, but the analysis made it possible to reconstruct from the words of the opponents a position which, although occasionally qualified by them as doubtful or even unacceptable, turned out to be a possible alternative to the idea of an institutionalized authority, actually defended by both polemicists, because their disagreement was mostly only about the form of institutionalization, be it the Council or a special person vested with exclusive authority to proclaim the doctrinal truth. The article is concluded by proposing the basic ecclesiological dilemma of two opposing views on the nature of church unity, which implies a choice between the unlikely but authentic and the easily accessible but false version of the unity-authority relationship. more...

Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The article deals with the fi rst stage of the philosophical and theological work of priest Pavel Florensky. At this stage, Florensky turns to the heritage of V.S. Solovyov and makes an attempt to give a theological interpretation of his main concepts, i.e. the doctrine of the Sophia the Wisdom of God and “God-manhood”. The author pays special attention to Florensky’s attempt to introduce the very metaphysics of pan-unity into Orthodox theology. According to the author, the task of studying the metaphysics of unity in Florensky’s philosophy and theology can be divided into two components: features of Florensky’s understanding of V. Solovyov’s heritage and Florensky’s application of new concepts that appeared in Russian academic theology in the late XIX — early XX centuries. In this connection, the process of gradual rethinking of Solovyov’s ideas is traced. This process was accompanied by the use of the teachings of Archimandrite (later bishop and metropolitan) Antony (Khrapovitsky). This teaching was new to academic theology in Russia. Khrapovitsky considered the “multi-unity” of humanity as a refl ection of the Trinity of the Deity. Florensky translated this teaching from the moral fi eld to the fi eld of ontology. From this point of view, the author analyses Florensky’s early work “The Concept of the Church in Holy Scripture”, which, in its main provisions, formed the basis of his most famous work, “The Pillar and the Ground of Truth”. It is noted that Florensky creatively reworked the ideas of V. Solovyov and Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky). As a result, he carried out the experience of building a concept that can be called the theology of unity. At a later stage of his work, Florensky only corrects this metaphysics. In accordance with the theology of St. Gregory Palamas, he replaces the concept of the communion of the creature of the Divine essence on the communion of the Divine energy and considers it from a new point of view. He develops the energy concept of the symbol and the ontology of the concentric levels of being. In this ontology, the philosophical and theological interpretation of church worship and the performance of church sacraments is embedded. more...

The article attempts to reconstruct the epistemological concept of Archpriest V. V. Zenkovsky, highlighting what place the philosopher's idea of the Church occupies in them and revealing their apologetic orientation. It is shown that the topic of the Church ("church reason» in comparison with the individual reason) is included by Zenkovsky in the context of the apologetic problems of faith and knowledge, as it is evidenced by the lecture notes of the 1940s and 50s. It is revealed that Zenkovsky emphasizes the supra-individual, transcendental, conciliar (soborniy) nature of cognition, but questions the existing concepts of a unified subject of reason: "formal" concepts ("epistemological subject" by G. Rickert, "conciliar consciousness" by S. Trubetskoy) require clarification of their ontological sense. The subject of reason must be thought of as universal, single, but at the same time multi-hypostatic (holding the idea of a multitude of empirical consciousnesses). Such a subject of reason, according to Zenkovsky, is the Church, understood as a consubstantial multi-hypostatic humanity and representing "natural conciliarity (sobornost)". The idea of God-manhood also solves, according to Zenkovsky, the question of "epistemological coordination" (N. Lossky), since "the unity of the subject and the object is realized only in the One who, being human (the "subject of knowledge"), is at the same time God — the Creator of being (the object)." The article shows the connection of Zenkovsky's constructions, in which the philosopher distinguishes between the historical Church and "the Church in the metaphysical sense", with the concepts of S. L. Frank, as well as the difference between the concepts of God-manhood in Zenkovsky and V. Solovyov. It is analyzed that in the epistemological constructions of Zenkovsky, the teachings of A. S. Khomyakov (on the Church) and S. N. Trubetskoy (on the conciliar nature of consciousness) are closed and complete each other. The conclusion is proposed that Zenkovsky's epistemological constructions have an apologetic orientation: concepts that do not resort to the data of Christian Revelation leave some essential questions of the theory of knowledge unanswered. The idea of the Church and the data of the Christian Revelation represent, according to Zenkovsky, a "philosophical benefit". more...

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of Protestantism in America since settlement of north-eastern colonies settlers from England. The analysis of characteristics typical of religious doctrine of American Protestantism and its various denominations is represented. It speciies both new features acquired from the experience of the life of the colonists in the New World and the ones brought from the mother country. The study focuses on the «Great Awakening», the first evangelical movement in North America in 1720-1760 related to religious renewal in society and the church. more...

Автор анализирует противоречия между светским и церковным сегментом современного грузинского общества в контекстах конфликта элит. Целью статьи является анализ конфликта между светскими и несветскими элитами Грузии. Предполагается, что грузинское гражданское общество в 1990 – 2010-е годы успело консолидироваться и стало важным фактором культурной и социальной жизни. Грузинские интеллектуалы предпочитают использовать светские модели культурной и социальной коммуникации. Несмотря на процессы секуляризации и развития гражданского общества, Церковь сохранила свое политическое влияние. Предполагается, что представители Церкви в Грузии формируют несветские культурные и интеллектуальные элиты. Отношения между светскими и духовными интеллектуалами в современной Грузии могут быть определены как напряженные и конфронтационные. Показано, что нецерковные интеллектуалы активно поддерживают и продвигают ценности секулярного общества, критикуя Церковь за ее консерватизм. В статье анализируются основные направления критики Церкви. Автор полагает, что критика Церкви в современном конфликте элит политизирована и идеологизирована. Автор полагает, что светские интеллектуалы формируют негативный образ Церкви как архаичного и консервативного института, обвиняя иераохов в коррупции и нарушении норм христианской этики. Критика Церкви стала важным сегментом современной грузинской интеллектуальной ситуации. Антиклерикальные нарративы столь широко рапсротранены и влиятельны, что они могут быть определены как изобретенная традиция современного грузинского гражданского национализма. Перспективы развития отношений между светскими интеллектуалами и Церковью остаются неопределенными. Автор полагает, что нельзя исключать дальнейшую радикализацию светских интеллектуальных сообществ, так как общий проевропейский и прозападный политический курс политических элит содействует фрагментации грузинского общества и росту противоречий между светскими радикальными и консервативными церковными элитами. more...

The article attempts to provide the most complete presentation of the views of Walter Rauschenbusch (1861–1918), the most prominent representative of the “Social Gospel” movement in American Protestantism, in Russian-language scientifi c literature. Particular attention is paid to the revision of the history of Christianity in the works of W. Rauschenbusch and, above all, his position as to the negative impact of the ascetic ideal on understanding the mission of the church in Medieval Christianity. The article also examines the idea of a “social hope” for approaching the “kingdom of heaven” on earth as the main conceptual element of the doctrine of the “Social Gospel”. It is shown that “social hope”, contrary to popular belief, is not utopian, but based on a restrained view of the real possibilities of man. Calling for an active transformation of society, W. Rauschenbusch himself does not experience any illusion about the “ease” of this task or the “sinlessness” of human nature. At the same time, the introduction of specific social reforms (accompanied by a constant humble prayerful appearance before God) is, from the point of view of W. Rauschenbusch, a direct duty of the Christian, aimed at alleviating the situation of the affl icted and oppressed groups of the population. The article also describes the main lines of critical refl ection on the ideas of Walter Rauschenbusch in the doctrines of Reinhold Niebuhr and Richard Rorty. It shows the influence of the concept of “social Gospel” on the movement in defense of the rights of African-Americans in the second half of the 20th century. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the ideas of Walter Rauschenbusch at the beginning of the 21st century in connection with the formation of the trend of “post-metaphysical thinking” in the modern philosophical and religious-philosophical tradition, as well as in connection with the need for a careful and thoughtful rethinking of Christian history. more...

The word ???????? is found in two of the most important collections of Byzantine law: novellas and the Eisagoge, where it takes on diff erent meanings. The article analyses the preamble to the sixth novella, the Eisagoge, as well as other medieval texts to establish the meaning of the concept of the “symphony of the kingdom and the priesthood”. The author shows that two diff erent versions of the “symphony” were formed in Byzantium. According to St. Justinian the Great, good harmony, capable of providing all kinds of benefi ts to the human race, does not depend on the relationship between state and church authorities. The “imperial” model of a symphony arises when the kingdom and priesthood properly fulfi ll their ministry before God. The Emperor is obliged to justly rule the Orthodox people, take care of the clergy, and monitor the observance of dogmata and canons. The role of the priesthood is reduced to prayer and the performance of the Sacraments. The second version of the symphony, refl ected in the Eisagoge, on the contrary, involves communication between representatives of the kingdom and the priesthood. The harmony of the two powers is identifi ed with the agreement between the emperor and the patriarch. Only the Patriarch of Constantinople can play such a role. Other hierarchs, including the Eastern Patriarchs, do not matter for achieving “peace and prosperity for the Christian people”. As it is shown in the article, such a separation of the Patriarch of Constantinople from the episcopate can be compared with the ecclesiological model of Roman Catholicism, and the “symphony” of the priesthood and kingdom, presented in Isagogue, with the Latin concept of “the pope behind the back of the emperor”. more...

The article is devoted to the understudied issue of the testimony to the catechumens of faith in the Church. On the example of early Christian sources from the 2nd to the 5th centuries, a comparison is made of the usage of three definitions in catechistic and non-catechistic texts: “Church is the body of Christ”, “Church is the assembly of believers” and “Church is the people gathered around the bishop”. As a result, a conclusion is drawn about the peculiarities of the testimony of the Church to the catechumens in comparison with faithful members of the Church. In catechetical texts there is a conscious selection of those definitions, which can be called primary for ecclesiological consciousness of the Ancient Church. Important for a number of ancient texts, the idea of the unity of the Church around the Bishop is not reflected in catechetical texts, while the definition of the Church as an Assembly of believers is already found at the earliest stages of the catechism. The revelation of the Eucharistic, mysterious aspects of the unity of the Church through the image of the Body of Christ in different catechetical practices was carried out in different ways. In Theodore of Mopsuestia’s “Catechetical Homilies” this sacramental aspect is one of the central, whereas Clement of Alexandria and St John Chrysostom reveal through the image of the Body of Christ, first and foremost, the ethical commandment of love for brothers – members of the same Body. more...

Рассматривается политика государства к религии в ХХ — начале XXI в. в отношении основных храмов Барнаула, принадлежащих религиозным организациям различного вероисповедания, в период СССР и Российской Федерации. Список рассмотренных объектов представляют церкви и храмы, существующие в начале XX в., в первую очередь на основе данных карты города от 1907 г. Сопоставив информацию о последующем использовании религиозных зданий в контексте проводимой государственно-конфессиональной политики ХХ — начала XXI в., было выявлено количество храмов, которые были целенаправленно разрушены во время антирелигиозной кампании, а также варианты использования зданий бывших церквей после их закрытия. Отдельно рассмотрена последующая судьба бывших зданий религиозного культа после развала СССР (1991 г.) при изменении политики государства по отношению к религии. Согласно полученным выводам большая часть зданий храмов была закрыта ввиду невозможности общинами содержать их своими силами, Впоследствии по решению властей эти строения использовались под сторонние нужды. Само отношение к рассматриваемым объектам в советский период можно характеризовать как утилитарное. Здания не воспринимались как ценные памятники культуры до конца 80-х гг. ХХ в., когда начинается процесс включение зданий бывших храмов в список объектов культуры и их передачи в собственность религиозным организациям, с теми сложностями, с которыми данная реституция проводилась. more...

This article focuses on the study of the essence and structure of the church in the context of contemporary Orthodox ecclesiology. A theological definition and dogma on the Church do not yet exist, though XIX and XX century’s theologians have made significant contributions to our understanding of the issues involved. This article analyzes the essence and influence of Eucharistic ecclesiology on the development of our understanding of the Church in the XX century, pointing out that Eucharistic ecclesiology pays little attention to making sense of baptism, which many modern Christians understand as nothing more than a ritual. We might be able to significantly supplement Eucharistic ecclesiology by making reference to the meaning of baptism as the beginning of life in the church and entrance into the Eucharistic fellowship. This article looks at baptism in both its broad and narrow contexts: as threefold submersion accompanied by the words “in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit”, and as the sacral mystery of Enlightenment. Both linear and cyclical models for understanding baptism are considered, as well as various approaches to making sense of the Church’s understanding of baptism, including those of St Cyprian, St Basil the Great and other fathers of the Eastern Christian Church. In conclusion, an eschatological understanding of baptism emerges, as entry into the mystery of the Christian faith in the crucified and resurrected Christ. This is a reality that is integral to life and demands constant growth from Christians, but in its fullness this reality can be revealed in an eschatological perspective. more...

Изданная в 2019 г. фундаментальная монография чешского историка М. Теры, имеющая синтетический и обобщающий характер, посвящена наиболее важным сюжетам истории и культуры Киевской Руси. Чешский исследователь, опираясь на колоссальную источниковую базу и обширную историографию, прослеживает сложный процесс этногенеза восточных славян, особенности складывания у них государства и его последующую эволюцию, отмечая ключевую роль князя Владимира в становлении границ и в формировании полноценного государственного организма Киевской Руси, а также в христианизации древнерусских земель. Большое внимание автор уделяет анализу княжения Ярослава Мудрого и различным аспектам культурного развития Древней Руси. Отдельная обширная глава посвящена христианизации Киевской Руси и последующей роли церкви в развитии древнерусского государства, общества и культуры. Чешский историк неоднократно подчеркивает культурное единство древнерусского народа и единую идентичность восточнославянского населения Киевской Руси, катализатором формирования которой стало принятие христианства. По мнению М. Теры, осознание своего единства населением древнерусских земель намного пережило период существования политически единого Древнерусского государства. Рецензия поступила в редакцию 07.02.2022. Цитирование Шевченко К. В. Эпоха Киевской Руси в оценках чешского историка Михала Теры // Славянский альманах. 2022. No 1–2. С. 434–446. DOI: 10.31168/2073-5731.2022.1-2.5.02 more...

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Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

This article deals with an important period in priest Pavel Florensky’s life, when all his fundamental religious, philosophical, and theological conceptios were formed. The beginning of this period is associated with a deep internal crisis experienced by Florensky in 1899. His memoirs and correspondence of 1900‒1904 reveal the essence of this crisis, which consists of two main aspects, i.e. the belief in the inferiority (non-viability) of the scientifi c worldview that excludes religion, and an experience of certain internal irrational processes manifesting themselves in fear, mental and spiritual disorder. Both these aspects were reasons for Florensky’s religious conversion. He perceived religion, fi rst of all, as a means of establishing an internal existential “order” in man. In this regard, the article draws attention to the special importance for Florensky of his acquaintance with works of Vladimir Solovyev and to the significance of his personal communication with Boris Bugaev (Andrey Bely) and Vyacheslav Ivanov. The article reveals the reason why Florensky fi rst developed critical attitude to some views of Solovyev and studies in detail the process of Florensky’s dealing with the “historical” Orthodox church in Russia. Based on the facts collected, a conclusion is made that Florensky found accord with his internal condition in Andrey Bely’s emotions and in Vyacheslav Ivanov’s works. This being said, his discord with A. Bely was due not only to his communication with D. Merezhkovsky and to his later fondness for anthroposophy, but rather to the discrepancy in the understanding of the signifi cance of mysteries (sacraments) in human life and in overcoming the internal and global crisis. In this regard, Vyacheslav Ivanov came to be almost unanimous with Florensky. In his conception of “homo liturgius”, Florensky processed and developed in a creative way Vyacheslav Ivanov’s ideas, according to which the personal internal crisis and its consequences can be overcome by those means and instruments that have been developed in the religious cult in the course of the history of humankind. more...

This article examines a short fragment of Alexander Grin’s novel The Shining World, in which the writer employs Christian symbols. This is not typical of his literary works and incorporates this fact in the context of the writer’s biography. Indeed, those who deal with Grin’s texts (particularly specialists in literary studies) analyse the novel with no connection to the writer’s life after the revolution of 1917 and regard Grin as a non-religious person, making the evaluation of the writer’s religious views too complicated and tracing in his heroes some features of demonism and militant atheism. Such approach is hardly viable. Evidence of the contemporaries demonstrate that under the infl uence of his family (the writer’s second spouse, Nina Grin, and her mother were religious persons), as well as not supporting repressions against the Orthodox church, Grin returns to the church, which is indirectly evidenced by the fragment from the novel The Shining World, which poses certain diffi culties as to its interpretation. Grin’s faith is simple in a childlike manner, and traditional. His contemporaries’ memoirs also confirm this. It should also be noted that two days before his death, Grin asked to call for a priest and had a confession. more...

This article analyses various aspects of the patriarch’s ministry in the corpus of letters of St. Theodore the Studite. St. Theodore’s statements about the pope and the four eastern patriarchs are studied in the light of various opinions of scholars as to the role of St. Theodore in approving the primacy of the Roman see and the system of the pentarchy. Attitude to St. Theodore, as a defender of the primacy of Rome, turns out to be insuffi ciently grounded, since neither the addresses to popes in the preambles of the letters, nor the magnifi cent praises to them, look unique if one compares them both with the addresses to the other four patriarchs by St. Theodore and the traditional addresses to patriarchs in Byzantine epistolography in general. Special attention which St. Theodore the Studite pays to the Roman and Jerusalem patriarchs also fi nds its explanation in the historical context of the period. It is just from these hierarchs that St. Theodore could expect real help facing persecution by the iconoclast emperors. The doctrine of St. Theodore about the “fi ve-headed (????????????) body of the Church” implies the special role of the patriarchs as heirs of the apostles in resolving issues of faith. The ministry of the patriarch is fundamentally diff erent from the ministry of an ordinary bishop, which is understood by St. Theodore primarily in relation to his congregation and in terms of following the canons. Correction of a patriarch who has fallen into heresy is possible only by his equals and is not subject to the will of the emperor or of all Orthodox emperors. The assembly of patriarchs, the fi ve heads of the body of the church, is independent from emperors and from those whose subjects they are in the earthly dimension. The existence of this assembly does ensure the preservation of the dogmata of the faith. more...

Известный российский историк и архивист конца XIX — начала XX в. Н.Н. Оглоблин по ряду документов архива Сибирского приказа в статье «Дело о самовольном приезде в Москву тобольского архиепископа Симеона, в 1661 г.» и третьей части фундаментального труда «Обозрение столбцов и книг Сибирского приказа (1592-1768 гг.)» проанализировал обстоятельства многочисленных конфликтов между несколькими представителями воеводской и архиерейской властей в Азиатской России XVII столетия. Особенно острыми такие конфликты были при архиепископе Симеоне и управлявшими в то время Тобольским разрядом стольником князем А.И. Буйносовым-Ростовским и боярином князем И.А. Хилковым. Причинами вражды Н.Н. Оглоблин считал злоупотребления воевод, прежде всего их действия, направленные на подчинение духовной власти светской. Как выяснил ученый, архиепископ Симеон самовольно, не получив на то обязательного разрешения царя Алексея Михайловича, посетил Москву, чтобы разоблачить произвол тобольских воевод, прежде всего боярина князя И.А. Хилкова. Святитель, получив всего одну аудиенцию у государя, добился лишь удовлетворения просьб относительно материального обеспечения Софийского дома и возврата крестьян на принадлежавшие ему земли. По данным историка, хотя тобольские архиепископы, особенно Симеон, обращались к государю с челобитными, чтобы доказать свою правоту в спорах с воеводами и ограничить своеволие разрядных администраторов, зачастую жалобы владык оставались безрезультатными из-за отсутствия у них покровителей в Москве, а также политики верховной власти, все более, главным образом с середины XVII в., пытавшейся расширить прерогативы своих наместников в Сибири. more...

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Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

В настоящей статье исследуются логика и механизмы «перерождения» социально-групповых образований, их структурной реконфигурации / «мутации» в процессе кристаллизации и формирования социальных институтов. Особый акцент делается на выявлении противоречивого и парадоксального характера институционализации социальных отношений. Рассматриваются такие прецедентные примеры метаморфоз социальных структур как рутинизация харизмы, превращение секты в церковь, контркультуры в культурный мейнстрим, олигархизация, бюрократизация, эволюция социальных движений. По ходу изложения автор обращается к ряду классических социологических концепций, интерпретирующих феномены социально-групповых и организационных трансформаций, наблюдаемых во многих типах общественных структур, и приводящих к сущностному видоизменению последних. Среди прочего отмечается вклад в исследование обозначенной проблематики М. Вебера, Р. Михельса, Й. Шумпетера, Ж. Эллюля и др. Общей рамкой анализа при этом становится концепция «трагедии культуры» (Г. Зиммель), постулирующая фундаментальный конфликт между творческой агентностью индивида как субъекта действия и устойчивыми (институционализированными и объективированными) формами коллективного опыта, накладывающими множественные ограничения на проявления «свободы» актора и определяющими (исторически складывающиеся и закрепляющиеся) структурные контексты общественной жизни. more...

Contrary to well-shaped theological fields ecclesiology still has to discover the ways to coordinate its possibilities of conceptualization with the described reality levels. Hence we suggest treating this branch of theological knowledge as a still developing discourse. This article presents an attempt to use a static/dynamic controversy as an organizing axis to the ecclesiological discourse. more...

В публикации характеризуется деятельность кружков дам духовного звания, созданных на территории Томской губернии в годы Первой мировой войны. Оказание помощи нуждающимся являлось одним из направлений функционирования церкви. Особая поддержка населению требовалась во время масштабных катаклизмов. Идея создания организации, в которую вошли бы дамы «всего томского духовенства», принадлежала епископу Томскому и Алтайскому Анатолию. После открытия кружка в Томске подобные учреждения в качестве отделов появились в Барнауле, Новониколаевске, Бийске и Камне. Все они действовали за счет частных пожертвований, благотворительных сборов и т.д. На основании выявленных источников выделены и проанализированы основные направления в работе кружков дам духовного звания: снабжение лазаретов бельем; открытие патронатов для прибывающих с фронта воинов; оказание поддержки беженцам; создание приютов для детей-сирот, чьи отцы погибли или продолжали находиться на фронте, и т.д. Для более продуктивной работы в деле помощи нуждающимся члены кружков сотрудничали с местными отделами таких крупных организаций, как Российское общество Красного Креста и Сибирское общество подачи помощи больным и раненым воинам и пострадавшим от войны. DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)2-13 more...

The published letter from Bishop Hermogenes (Golubev) to the senior priests and church councils is introduced for the first time into scientific use. This document not only outlines the activities of Bishop Hermogenes in the Tashkent diocese, but also gives an idea of how sobornost can be embodied in today’s church. Bishop Hermogenes introduced additional contributions to a special fund from each parish in proportion to its revenues. Thus, low-income parishes were supported by large parishes and were kept from being closed. This measure met resistance from some clergymen and church councils of large parishes. In his letter Bishop Hermogenes emphasises that the inner connection between the members of the whole Church is defined by the spirit of sobornost, whereby any parish cannot be indifferent to the Church’ shared work. more...

The article is focused on covering the topic “The Church’s Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition, Its Scriptures and Traditions” within the holistic and consistent process of teaching faith to modern adult catechumens. Based on the texts of the New Testament, patristic writings, studies by home and foreign theologians, as well as on the long-term personal catechetical experience, the authors consider the key concepts of this topic and offer their detalisation and systematisation. The article addresses the peculiarities of associating various layers of scripture and tradition with Divine Revelation and the knowledge of God. Possible errors and contradictions of their interpretation are also highlighted. As a result, it is concluded that catechumens need to be introduced into the Church’s Holy Tradition and the Holy Scripture, its holy scripture and tradition, writings and traditions within their internal dynamics and growth, not as into a set of definitions and subjects for rational study. more...

Рассматривается семейно-брачное состояние старообрядцев Томской губернии в контексте государственно-конфессиональной политики имперских властей. Заключение браков между старообрядцами по закону было недопустимо. Подобные браки рассматривались как «сводные браки». Силами официальных властей подобное «публичное оказательство раскола» подлежало расторжению, что приводило к многочисленным трагедиям с судебными разбирательствами. Брак старообрядцев с никонианами также по закону был не допустим, рассматривался как «совращение раскольниками православных в раскол». Законным считался только брак, совершенный в казенной церкви, в таком случае законодательная система не оставляла старообрядцам выбора в семейно-брачных ситуациях, кроме обращения к казенной церкви. Таким образом, юридически старообрядцы не имели права на воспроизводство конфессии, следовательно, и на ее существование. 19 апреля 1874 г. был издан закон, согласно которому старообрядцам было разрешено совершать браки гражданским порядком через регистрацию в особых метрических книгах при полицейских правлениях. Однако данный закон не смог решить проблемы старообрядческих браков. Основная часть старообрядцев в брачном вопросе по-прежнему осталась бесправной. more...

Репрессивная политика советского государства в разные периоды была направлена против определенных категорий и групп населения. Актуальным является исследование государственной репрессивной политики в регионах страны, включающее выявление механизмов ее реализации на местах. В первые месяцы своего существования советское государство определило отношение к религии. Основные составляющие антирелигиозной политики государства выражались в идейно-теоретических взглядах основоположников марксизма-ленинизма, программных установках партии, постановлениях ее руководящих органов по вопросам религии, церкви, атеизма; законодательно-правовых, регулировавших отношения государства и церкви, положениях религиозных организаций в стране, правах верующих и атеистов. Исследуется деятельность партийных, государственных и общественных органов и учреждений, связанная с решением религиозного вопроса в стране — от формирования систем атеистического воспитания и антирелигиозной пропаганды до репрессий. На основе научной литературы и архивных материалов рассмотрены основные направления репрессивной политики по отношению к духовенству на примере Горного Алтая. Раскрыты способы осуществления политических репрессий. more...

Рассматривая понятие «новые религиозные движения» как альтернативный термин тоталитарным сектам и деструктивным культам, описываются их сходные характеристики, а также теоретические подходы к трактовке путей возникновения иных форм организации религии. Анализируются основные факторы появления, развития и функционирования новых религиозных движений, обосновываются кризисное состояние общества и социальная нестабильность как наиболее значимые. more...

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The article summarises the results from research on the concepts “new” and “newness” in the theological, hagiographic, publicistic, poetic, and artistic legacy of Mother Maria (Skobtsova), as well as in her life and church ministry. The core question of the article is about the newness of the righteous martyr’s life and work, of her response to the challenges of her time. The author analyses Mother Maria’s most significant writings within the context of the continuity of Russian religious thought. The idea of implementing sobornost and projecting it over all the spheres of Christians’ life is the key to comprehending the newness in Mother Maria’s life and work. more...

The article investigates the use of cinema as an instrument of political communication on the post-So- viet space. The authors analyze its qual- itative state, given the prospects and trends of modern cinema, as an aggre- gate for the manipulation of conscious- ness technologies. The article presents a comparative analysis of partial Holly- wood and Russian films in terms of its impact on the political consciousness of citizens. Particularly acute, this prob- lem concerns young people who acquire “political maturity”, becoming voters. It was concluded that not all the tradition- al means of political communication lose their strength and ability to use. At this stage of development of the state there is a need to find new ways of commu- nication between the state and society. One of them is still cinema. more...

В статье поднимаются вопросы значимости православных песнопений в жизни современного общества, рассматривается актуальность их исполнения на концертной эстраде, вне богослужебной практики, а также анализируется богослужебный репертуар и доминирующие факторы, необходимые композитору, приступающему к созданию церковных и духовных сочинений. Одновременно систематизируются и сопоставляются фестивали православных песнопений, их сферы воздействия на слушателей и социум. more...

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Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...