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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease resulting from dynamic, cumulative gene-environment interactions that cause lung tissue injury, alteration of its normal function, and acceleration of cellular senescence. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as critical epigenetic regulators of various aspects of cellular senescence. The objective of the present study is to identify the association between polymorphic variants of H19 (rs3741219), MEG3 (rs7158663), MALAT1 (rs619586), LINC00305 (rs2850711), LINC00261 (rs6048205), CDKN2B-AS1 (rs4977574), and LINC02227 (rs2149954) lncRNAs genes with COPD. DNA samples from COPD patients (N = 703) and healthy individuals (N = 655) were studied in this study and polymorphic loci were analyzed by real-time PCR. Association with COPD was established with H19 (rs3741219), MEG3 (rs7158663), LINC02227 (rs2149954), MALAT1 (rs619586) and CDKN2B-AS1 (rs4977574). Polygenic analysis has made it possible to identify informative gene–gene combinations that include polymorphic variants of the studied lncRNAs genes and genes encoding molecules of signaling cascades associated with cellular senescence and apoptosis. Multiple regression and ROC analysis revealed a COPD risk predictive model, which included gene–gene combinations of lncRNAs genes and smoking index (P = 4.01 × 10–48, AUC = 0.87). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world. In recent years, new approaches to epidemiology, diagnosis, classification (categorization), evaluation of phenotypes, as well as characterization and assessment of the severity of сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations have emerged. Modern approaches to starting and subsequent drug therapy have changed significantly. This is largely due to the results of recently conducted major clinical trials, demonstrated high efficacy of triple fixed combinations, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists and long-acting anticholinergic drugs. The use of non-medication methods (smoking cessation, physical activity and respiratory rehabilitation) and modern approaches to the treatment of respiratory failure and antibiotic therapy remain important. In terms of their significance, all these updates have a significant impact on real clinical practice and can be considered as a novel paradigm of the approaches to the diagnosis and management of this disease.

Background. Community-acquired pneumonia (САР) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the main causes of mortality worldwide, and, in addition, they also lead to great economic losses for the health system of all countries. Currently, there is an increase in cases of recurrent pneumonia, both in the general population and, in particular, in patients with COPD. One of the most important risk factors for the development of pneumonia is the previous episode of САР. Potential risk factors for recurrent pneumonia are concomitant diseases such as heart failure, COPD, diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, swallowing dysfunction, immune deficiency. Aim. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the effect of vaccine prophylaxis with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) on the risk of recurrent pneumonia in patients with COPD. Materials and methods. A total of 302 male patients were included in the retrospective study. When analyzing the data, the fact of the development of pneumonia of any etiology during the 5th observation period was taken into account. For the recurrence of pneumonia, more than two episodes of CAP were taken during the year. 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar-13 and 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine Pneumo23 were used for vaccine prophylaxis. The relative risk of the event was calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used. Results and conclusion. A retrospective analysis showed that, firstly, CAP is a fairly frequent complication of COPD: initially, the average percentage of cases of САР was 19.3%. Secondly, the risk of developing repeated episodes of pneumonia remains quite high in unvaccinated patients and tends to increase within 5 years: from 17 to 22%. Thirdly, the pneumococcal vaccines used have different effects on the risk of recurrent pneumonia in patients with COPD, a significant decrease in the number of recurrent pneumonia is observed only with the use of conjugated vaccines.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a world-wide problem. It is characterized by comorbidity. Among the numerous comorbidity obesity is considered. The common pathogenetic factors cause the more severe course of COPD. Obesity is a complex metabolic condition affecting many physiological systems, in particular, the metabolic liver affection is developing in the type of non-alcoholic liver disease. In patients with different stages of non-alcoholic liver disease detoxification function is reduced. Toxic ammonia does not convert in urea. Ammonia begins to affect the whole organism. Aim.To identify the frequency of hyperammonemia in patients with COPD and obesity, to analyze the degree of its influence on the COPD course and the quality of patients life, to assess the possibility of hyperammonemia correction with L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA). Materials and methods.The study included 50 patients with non-acute COPD (GOLD 2), Group D, phenotype with frequent exacerbations, central-type obesity. At the 1st stage of the investigation, COPD course was evaluated, specific evaluation tests (mMRC, CCQ, CAT, SGRQ, SF-36) were used, the biochemical blood test was performed, hyperammoniemia was detected on a Pocket Chem BA PA-4140, and Number Connecting Test was performed. In the 2ndstage of the investigation, all patients were prescribed a course of treatment with LOLA and after 4 weeks the estimated parameters were compared in dynamics. Results.After 4 weeks, comparative analysis showed reliable positive dynamics of subjective assessment of weakness, 2 scales of SGRQ questionnaire, all scales of SF-36 questionnaire, as well as reliable reduction of ammonia level by 18.26 mol/l, normal value of Number Connecting Test. Conclusion.Detection of hyperammoniemia in patients with COPD and obesity and its correction with LOLA seems rational in order to reduce toxic effects of ammonia on organs and systems in this category of patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world. In recent years, new approaches to epidemiology, diagnosis, classification (categorization), evaluation of phenotypes, as well as characterization and assessment of the severity of сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations have emerged. Modern approaches to starting and subsequent drug therapy have changed significantly. This is largely due to the results of recently conducted major clinical trials, demonstrated high efficacy of triple fixed combinations, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists and long-acting anticholinergic drugs. The use of non-medication methods (smoking cessation, physical activity and respiratory rehabilitation) and modern approaches to the treatment of respiratory failure and antibiotic therapy remain important. In terms of their significance, all these updates have a significant impact on real clinical practice and can be considered as a novel paradigm of the approaches to the diagnosis and management of this disease.

Questions about such comorbidity as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are discussed in the scientific literature already for about 50 years. Nevertheless, many statements are still not clear for today. Some authors argue that COPD and lung cancer are different diseases that can have only a common etiological factor - smoking. Others consider COPD as a "precancerous" disease due to the presence of both common with lung cancer pathogenetic links and similar pathomorphological changes. Stuff members of the department of Internal Medicine 1 of the SE “Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine” analysed incidence of lung cancer in longterm (from 5 to 15 years) followed-up COPD patients. Specific features of the course of COPD in this cohort of patients were evaluated. Also, according to the results of the annual reports of the occupational pathology department of the municipal institution "Dnepropetrovsk clinical regional center of medical and social expertise", the analysis of the number of deaths from lung cancer due to COPD in disabled people of occupational etiology was made. It was shown that more than 7% of patients with COPD developed lung cancer. They all were males, all were smokers with a high "pack / year" index, had severe bronchial obstruction and were treated irregularly. Disabled people due to COPD of occupational etiology also often develop lung cancer. This cohort is annually the largest among the dead with established occupational diseases in the Dnepropetrovsk region. It is concluded that: 1) male-smokers suffering from COPD with severe bronchial obstruction and using inadequate medication constitute a risk group for developing lung cancer; 2) COPD of occupational genesis can be considered as a "precancerous" disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (САР) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the main causes of mortality worldwide, and, in addition, they also lead to great economic losses for the health system of all countries. Currently, there is an increase in cases of recurrent pneumonia, both in the general population and, in particular, in patients with COPD. One of the most important risk factors for the development of pneumonia is the previous episode of САР. Potential risk factors for recurrent pneumonia are concomitant diseases such as heart failure, COPD, diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, swallowing dysfunction, immune deficiency., Aim: To conduct a retrospective analysis of the effect of vaccine prophylaxis with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) on the risk of recurrent pneumonia in patients with COPD., Materials and Methods: A total of 302 male patients were included in the retrospective study. When analyzing the data, the fact of the development of pneumonia of any etiology during the 5th observation period was taken into account. For the recurrence of pneumonia, more than two episodes of CAP were taken during the year. 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar-13 and 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine Pneumo23 were used for vaccine prophylaxis. The relative risk of the event was calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used., Results and Conclusion: A retrospective analysis showed that, firstly, CAP is a fairly frequent complication of COPD: initially, the average percentage of cases of САР was 19.3%. Secondly, the risk of developing repeated episodes of pneumonia remains quite high in unvaccinated patients and tends to increase within 5 years: from 17 to 22%. Thirdly, the pneumococcal vaccines used have different effects on the risk of recurrent pneumonia in patients with COPD, a significant decrease in the number of recurrent pneumonia is observed only with the use of conjugated vaccines.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a world-wide problem. It is characterized by comorbidity. Among the numerous comorbidity obesity is considered. The common pathogenetic factors cause the more severe course of COPD. Obesity is a complex metabolic condition affecting many physiological systems, in particular, the metabolic liver affection is developing in the type of non-alcoholic liver disease. In patients with different stages of non-alcoholic liver disease detoxification function is reduced. Toxic ammonia does not convert in urea. Ammonia begins to affect the whole organism., Aim: To identify the frequency of hyperammonemia in patients with COPD and obesity, to analyze the degree of its influence on the COPD course and the quality of patients life, to assess the possibility of hyperammonemia correction with L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA)., Materials and Methods: The study included 50 patients with non-acute COPD (GOLD 2), Group D, phenotype with frequent exacerbations, central-type obesity. At the 1st stage of the investigation, COPD course was evaluated, specific evaluation tests (mMRC, CCQ, CAT, SGRQ, SF-36) were used, the biochemical blood test was performed, hyperammoniemia was detected on a Pocket Chem BA PA-4140, and Number Connecting Test was performed. In the 2ndstage of the investigation, all patients were prescribed a course of treatment with LOLA and after 4 weeks the estimated parameters were compared in dynamics., Results: After 4 weeks, comparative analysis showed reliable positive dynamics of subjective assessment of weakness, 2 scales of SGRQ questionnaire, all scales of SF-36 questionnaire, as well as reliable reduction of ammonia level by 18.26 mol/l, normal value of Number Connecting Test., Conclusion: Detection of hyperammoniemia in patients with COPD and obesity and its correction with LOLA seems rational in order to reduce toxic effects of ammonia on organs and systems in this category of patients.