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Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the question of the archaeological sites relating to the Danube Slavs (Sclavi), who first came into contact with the Avars in the sixth century. The isolated groups of the people of the Prague culture penetrated into the area in between of the Danube and the Adriatic, Pannonia to the south-west of Lake Balaton and the Eastern Alps in particular, from the first third of the sixth century onwards. These settlements possess some features similar to the Slavic sites of the Prague culture. No doubts, this area ap- peared under the rule of the Avars when the Pannonian Lombards migrated to Italy in 568 AD and left their lands for the Avars. The cemetery of Regensburg-Grossprüfening in Bavaria is of particular importance for the correct understanding of the situation in the region under study. The site contained 22 Slavic cremation graves, where Merovingian goods appeared. There were a few graves featuring prestigious artefacts. It has been assumed that there was the resettlement of the Slavs, most likely being an elite military grouping, ca 568 AD, under the pressure of the Avar expansion. If this interpretation is correct, there was a departure of the elites of the Middle Danubian Slavs from the Avar power zone. Perhaps it resulted in a change of the social structure of the Pannonian Slavs, which explained their more dependent place in the Avar Khanate, in contrast to those of the Lower Danubian and Balkan Slavs, who also found themselves in the sphere of the Avar power.

The article deals with the attitude of the largest Russian Slavist Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky (1833-1914) to the history and cultural heritage of Byzantium. It is noted that although the term "Byzantism" characterises the philosophical-historical doctrine of K.N. Leontiev, a number of statements developed in K.N. Leontiev's concept were expressed earlier by V.I. Lamansky. It is suggested that Lamansky had an influence on Leontiev's views, especially on Byzantium. The development of Lamansky's views on Byzantium from his first monograph "On the Slavs in Asia Minor, Africa and Spain" up to his last unfinished book "The Slavonic Hagiography of St. Cyril as a Religious Epic and a Historical Source" is shown. The article points out the similarity between V.I. Lamansky's doctrine on the difference of ages of peoples and cultures and the organiccist conceptions of N.Y. Danilevsky and K.N. Leontiev. Lamansky's interpretation of the mutual relations between Slavs and Greeks, and the relationship between Slavs and the Eastern Roman Empire is considered. It is noted that the main influence of Byzantium was connected to the development of state conceptions of the Slavs and acceptance of Orthodoxy. The special significance of Orthodoxy lay in the recognition of the rights of national languages (divine service in native languages and the development of writing systems), which led to a better acquaintance of Orthodox peoples with Christian doctrine. V.I. Lamansky's opinion on the causes of the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire is given: oblivion of the universal meaning of Christianity, Hellenization, and spread of nationalism. V. I. Lamansky's understanding of the meaning of the empire, i.e. the united Christian kingdom which Russia is heir to, is revealed. The article concludes that Lamansky's interest in the study of Byzantium resulted from his own historiosophic doctrine of three civilizational worlds (Romano-Germanic, Greek-Slavic and Asian).

This article describes the evolution of self-consciousness of the peoples of the North Caucasus from the XV century to present time. Given the relationship between the development of ethnic identity with the Soviet nation-building. Shows the importance of religion in the identity of the Highlanders. Authors overview modern attempts to form a new identity of the population, based on the Islamic world outlook.

The change of position of Slavs in political, cultural and economic life of Austria in the last third of XIX - the beginning of XX centuries is analyzed in the article.

The article analyses the interrelation between the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th — early 20th centuries, changes in the attitude of Russian ruling circles and the conservative elite towards the remote peoples which were seen as the objects of Russia’s protection. The failure of the plans to convene the national representative body (Zemsky Sobor) proposed by N. P. Ignat’ev and I. S. Aksakov in 1882 was a symptom of a serious shift in this sphere. From now on, the foreign peoples who possessed the well-developed national consciousness and struggled to achieve the political autonomy or independence were not treated as the main object of Russia’s patronage. Instead, the main attention was paid to the “peopleschildren” which struggled for physical survival, for maintaining the basic elements of their ethno-cultural distinctiveness. An important place among these peoples occupied the Orthodox Arabs of Palestine and Syria where activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society were concentrated. The Arabs’ patriarchal way of life, their simplicity and religiosity attracted attention of Russian conservatives, as did their veneration of the “White Tsar”, the ruler of Russia and protector of the oppressed ethnic groups across the world. In the same way, the Russian conservatives perceived other remote peoples, such as Ethiopians, Assyrians, and various ethnic groups of the Far East. All these peoples applied to the “Empire of Tsars” for the help which was to strengthen the notion of Russia’s special mission in the international stage. Russia’s defeat in the war with Japan and the revolution of 1905–1907 struck a serious blow to these views and undermined the international authority and infl uence of the empire.

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the activities of Russian philological seminary in the Leipzig, Germany, in 1873-1890. This unique overseas educational institution was designed to train the teachers of ancient languages for Russian schools. A quarter of the seminary students were Austro-Hungarian Slavs, mostly Czechs. After graduation they worked as teachers in different regions of Russia, they contributed to the cause of education. Teacher's immigration is an important part of the Austro-Hungarian resettlement community in Russia.

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Рассмотрены проблемы германо-сарматских влияний на формирование черняховской культуры Западного Подолья. Отмечено, что, несмотря на политическое доминирование готского союза (Государства Германариха), пришлые вельбарские племена в скором времени подверглись процессам культурной ассимиляции и в основной своей массе постепенно растворились в полиэтнической черняховской среде, став одним из ее компонентов, однако на территории Волыни, а также в северной части Подольской возвышенности вельбарское населения сумело сохранить свою идентичность в домостроении, лепном керамическом производстве, элементах духовной культуры до конца позднеримского периода. Указано, что значительную роль в формировании черняховской культуры Западного Подолья сыграли сарматы, которые во второй четверти I тыс. н. э. достигли районов среднего течения реки Днестр и его левых притоков. Их присутствие прослежено при помощи анализа специфических элементов погребальной обрядности на некоторых черняховских могильниках, антропологических исследований, а также находок отдельных предметов на вельбарских и черняховских поселениях. Выделена особенность исследуемого региона, заключающаяся в присутствии на западе славянского населения, известного под названием «Верхнеднестровская локальная группа черняховской культуры». Германо-славянские взаимоотношения требуют дальнейшего изучения, однако исследования последних лет позволяют предположить, что в Западном Побужье существовала контактная зона на подобие фронтира, разделявшая территории проживания этих племен.

Средневековый феномен самодержавной формы правления славянских народов, ориентирующихся в своем развитии на опыт Византийской империи, предопределил не только их этническую, языковую, но и духовно-политическую общность. Южнославянские народы (сербы и болгары) и восточные славяне (русы) попали в сферу канонического цивилизационного влияния константинопольского патриархата и государственно-правового наследия Второго Рима. Вследствие христианизации славянские православные державы восприняли византийские идеи симфонии властей (светской и духовной), обогатив их началами сословно-соборного представительства, созываемого для наилучшего законотворчества. Особо отмечается, что в средневековых Сербии, Боснии и Болгарии соборное представительство носило исключительно аристократический характер. В Московском (великорусском) централизованном государстве, наоборот, участниками земских соборов наряду с боярством и духовенством являлись посадские люди и даже крестьянство. Настоящая работа представляет собой оригинальный взгляд на разновидности царского самодержавия, среди которых автор рассматривает соборновотчинное (монархо-боярское) и земско-соборное (великорусское). DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)3-04

In the early medieval urban centers on the south and east coast of the Baltic, objects decorated in Scandinavian style were used, however with the local character of ornamentation. The authors analyze large collections of this type of artifacts from Wolin and Novgorod against the wide North European background. They indicate the spread of this phenomenon in the Baltic area, naming it Viking Periphery Art and offer an explanation of its origin instead of previous attempts of defining this phenomenon as a Pomeranian School of Scandinavian-Insular Art. They argue that the local art is a testimony to social changes: the fusion of different cultural elements could be proof of the development of the new identity of town elites taking part in long-distance trade in the 10th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)