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Исследование направлено на определение специфики содержательного спектра политико-правового дискурса академических учреждений стран Африки, Азии и Латинской Америки, в центре внимания которого находится академический бойкот Израиля. В статье последовательным образом в контексте событийного анализа раскрывается специфика реагирования университетских сообществ государств данных регионов на события палестино-израильского конфликта 2023-2024 гг. Как показало проведенное исследование, в государствах Африки, Азии и Латинской Америки политико-правовое осмысление бойкота привязано к академической, главным образом университетской среде и за исключением ЮАР не включает представления официальных властей по поводу правомерности и эффективности академического бойкота. В целом диапазон позиций представлен установками на разрыв, приостановку или же, напротив, сохранение академических связей с Израилем. Если официальный уровень политико-правового дискурса академического сектора ЮАР, а также стран Латинской Америки включает все три позиции, то для Индии характерна лишь третья позиция. Помимо этого отсутствуют решения, принимаемые на межправительственном уровне в сфере академического сотрудничества. В связи с этим антиизраильский академический бойкот, в качестве общественного движения имеющий глобальный характер, на уровне институциональных решений не имеет абсолютного характера.

В статье на основе документов Международного трибунала по бывшей Югославии (МТБЮ), правительства Югославии и Европейского Союза (ЕС) анализируется позиция ЕС по ключевым вопросам урегулирования югославского конфликта: государственный суверенитет, право на национальное самоопределение и границы югославских республик. Анализ сделан в историческом контексте на основе документов (Мнений) Арбитражной комиссии Европейского Союза (Комиссия Бадинтера), которая предприняла попытку разработки правовой базы процесса распада Югославии. Заявленной целью конференции Европейского Союза и Арбитражной комиссии было урегулирование политического кризиса в Югославии посредством изменения ее конституционной структуры. Комиссия рассмотрела широкий круг вопросов, относящихся к процессу распада Югославии, и разработала соответствующие рекомендации (Мнения) для Конференции ЕС по бывшей Югославии. Мнения Арбитражной комиссии Бадинтера сыграли важную роль в интерпретации конфликтов в Хорватии и Боснии и Герцеговине и последующем их урегулировании. В статье раскрывается политический контекст деятельности Комиссии, содежится критическая оценка ее деятельности и подчеркивается несоответствие рекомендаций Комиссии Конституции Югославии. Рекомендации Комиссии в сущности свелись к неконституционным изменениям границ Югославии и упразднению ее как государства. Рекомендации Комиссии Бадинтера привели к поспешному международному признанию Хорватии и Боснии и Герцеговины, что стало основной причиной начала гражданской войны в этих республиках. Статья поступила в редакцию 05.07.2024. Рецензирование завершено 05.08.2024. Статья принята к публикации 24.09.2024. Цитирование Безрученко В. И. Комиссия Бадинтера 1991–1993 гг. и судьба Югославии // Славянский альманах. 2024. No 3–4. С. 78–101. DOI: 10.31168/2073-5731.2024.3-4.04

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Возможная конфискация российских активов со стороны стран Запада представляет один из серьезных вызовов современному международному праву и системе международных отношений. В настоящее время наибольшая часть замороженных активов находится в юрисдикции стран ЕС, поэтому исследование возможных механизмов использования российских активов в рамках ЕС представляет особую актуальность. Основная цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы выявить ключевые характеристики подходов ЕС и его государств-членов к использованию замороженных российских активов, определить их соответствие нормам и принципам международного права, а также возможные последствия для современной системы международных отношений. Для достижения поставленной цели автором проанализирована юридическая сторона данного вопроса, осуществлена проверка соответствия инициатив по изъятию российской собственности нормам современного международного права, смоделированы возможные последствия применения мер по конфискации российской собственности. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что любой из возможных вариантов изъятия суверенных активов противоречит нормам международного и национального права, поэтому невозможен в рамках существующего правового поля. Однако главное препятствие для реализации планов по изъятию российских суверенных активов лежит не в правовой, а в политической плоскости, поскольку такие действия способны привести к неконтролируемым последствиям. Предложенный Европейской комиссией механизм изъятия частной собственности в рамках уголовного процесса фактически означает использование уголовного права для решения политических задач, что не соответствует задачам уголовной политики.

Copyright of KUL Journal of Legal Studies / Studia Prawnicze KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lubin / Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Публикуемый обзор по итогам состоявшегося 17 января 2023 г. в Вологодском институте права и экономики ФСИН России межрегионального круглого стола «Источники современного пенитенциарного права России» подготовлен в целях упорядочить новую информацию, критически переосмыслить вклад докладчиков в научную дискуссию, определить тенденции исследований и выявить проблемные аспекты. В материале рассматриваются теоретические вопросы понятия, сущности и системы источников пенитенциарного права. Обращается внимание на необходимость осуществления их типологии. Обосновывается необходимость разграничения типичных и нетипичных источников. Существование последних обусловлено актуализацией проявлений «живого» права, связанных с нормотворческой практикой издания подзаконных актов ведомственного нормотворчества, облекаемых в весьма расплывчатые атрибутивные формы (письма, рекомендации, указания и т. п.), либо выраженных в форме устного распоряжения начальствующего субъекта. Высказаны идеи о необходимости учитывать роль «квазиисточников», которые отражают правотворческую ориентированность отдельных решений Верховного и Конституционного судов Российской Федерации в сфере их правоинтерпретационной деятельности. Пристальное внимание уделяется проблеме технико-юридического качества источников пенитенциарного права. Акцент делается на рисках, которые таит в себе широкий подход к понятию «законодательство», особенностях понятия «правовая культура источников пенитенциарного права», формах проявления правопорядка в системе источников пенитенциарного права, роли и соотношении источников международного и пенитенциарного права, особенностях антикоррупционного и делегированного законодательства в системе источников пенитенциарного права.

The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze international legal norms applicable to the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Arctic, as well as trends of their development. The objectives of the research include the analysis of international legal norms that determine the status of the Arctic, legal features arising from differences in the status of some Arctic territories, differences in the approaches of Arctic and non-Arctic states, the European Union, as well as the identification of legal vectors of international legal regulation that are significant for oil and gas activities in the Arctic.The article highlights the trends in the development of international legal regulation of general priority issues and sectoral aspects of activities in the Arctic. The authors revealed the meaning and features of multilateral and bilateral international treaties of the Russian Federation, advisory acts of the Arctic Council applicable to oil and gas activities in the Arctic.The authors identified contradictions between the oil and gas aspects of the Arctic concept of the European Union of 2021 and jurisdictional and natural resource principles and rules provided for in international treaties and customs. The authors formulated proposals that can be used by Russia as international legal counterarguments proving the illegality of the EU’s stated goal to prohibit oil and gas production in the Arctic.

Features of the legal regime of subsoil use, oil and gas activities in the Caspian Sea are due to the special international legal status of the Caspian Sea. The Russian Federation is faced with strategic tasks for the development of energy resources on the Russian section of the Caspian seabed, the development of maritime transport and research fleet, the modernization and construction of seaports and terminals in the Caspian. They are defined in the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035, the Strategy for the development of maritime activities in the Russian Federation until 2030, the Strategy for the development of Russian seaports in the Caspian basin, rail and road approaches to them in the period up to 2030. The fulfillment of these tasks largely depends on the effectiveness of Russian legislation in this area. The development of Russian legislation governing the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Russian section of the Caspian seabed is directly related to the trends in the development of international legal regulation of the status of the Caspian Sea and cooperation of the Caspian states in this area. After the ratification of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea of 2018 by Russia, the Government of the Russian Federation took global steps to implement norms reflecting the special status of the Caspian Sea, sovereignty and sovereign rights of Russia in certain areas of the Caspian Sea, in Russian legislation.The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal norms governing the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Caspian Sea. The objectives of the study include identifying and comparing development trends of branch international legal norms and norms of Russian legislation, generalizing theoretical and practical problems of legal regulation.The research methodology is based on the following theoretical methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, as well as special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: comparative legal and formal legal.The article compares the provisions of bilateral and multilateral international treaties of the Russian Federation, which are applicable to the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Caspian Sea, discloses their mechanisms and significance, and identifies differences in their provisions. In addition, the authors identified differences in the trends in the development of Russian legislation regulating oil and gas activities on the Russian section of the Caspian seabed before and after Russia’s ratification of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea of 2018, analyzed the latest legislative initiatives in this area, and also identified a number of problems of this process.

The article «International mediation - the art of resolving and managing international conflicts» examines the role of mediation in international conflict resolution. The authors analyse the principles and methods used in international mediation and examine examples of successful cases where mediation has facilitated an amicable agreement. The paper highlights the peculiarities of international conflicts, which are different from internal conflicts, and justifies the importance of the use of mediation in such situations. It also provides an overview of international organisations that are involved in mediation and mediation in different regions of the world. The paper emphasises that international mediation requires specific skills and approaches, taking into account different cultural, political and historical contexts. The authors discuss the importance of the involvement of independent mediators who have the necessary expertise and the trust of all parties to the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Цель статьи — показать и проанализировать вектор новейшего подхода международно-правового регулирования института прав женщин. Авторы отмечают конструктивные попытки для укрепления правового статуса женщины в современном обществе на уровне конвенций и деклараций ООН.Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что в современном международном праве прав человека, а также в правотворческой и правозащитной деятельности ООН обнаруживается тенденция к более детальному урегулированию отдельных социальных, экономических, культурных, политических и иныхправ женщин на демократических началах, что способствует противодействию дискриминации в отношении женщин.В статье показано, что негативные внешние факторы, вызванные пандемиями и катаклизмами,ослабляют скорость принятия решений в развитии правовой политики гендерного равенства. Намсегодня приходиться наблюдать ситуацию, для которой характерно обилие международных стандартов в сфере равенства полов, но при этом достижение гендерного равноправия остается очень медленным процессом.

Современные процессы геополитического, социально-экономического развития государстви глобальной экономики требуют активизации научного и научно-технического сотрудничествав рамках региональных объединений, которые включают развивающиеся страны. Это необходимо для перехода от сырьевой экономики к экономике знаний и существенному улучшению благосостояния населения. К сожалению, несмотря на наличие соответствующих предпосылок, научноеи научно-техническое сотрудничество между государствами-членам Шанхайской организации сотрудничества развито крайне слабо. Представляется, что одной из причин этого выступает отсутствие конвенционного документа, подробно регламентирующего различные аспекты сотрудничества в рассматриваемой сфере. Обосновывается необходимость разработки и принятия КонвенцииШанхайской организации сотрудничества в международном научном и научно-техническом сотрудничестве. Предлагается включить в данный документ положения о целях и принципах международного научного и научно-технического сотрудничества, правила о постоянно действующеморгане ШОС по вопросам международного научного и научно-технического сотрудничества, положения о финансовом обеспечении научного и научно-технического сотрудничества, рамочныенормы о правовом режиме территорий опережающего научного и научно-технического развития,а также нормы, раскрывающие правовое положение участников международного научного и научно-технического сотрудничества.

Copyright of International Relations & International Law Journal / Seriâ Meždunarodnye Otnošeniâ & Meždunarodnoe Pravo is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the evolution of international law and international relations in the context of globalization. At the same time this process encounters difficulties and contradictions observed by the authors. The article discusses new problems of international law which arise from globalization. This article is an attempt to study the relationship between international law and international relations, taking into account national and international aspects. Drastic changes in the economic, political, military and environmental spheres had a major impact on both the state and the relationships between them. In recent decades, against the background of global concerns and challenges of the booming cross-border context, new forms of cooperation can be observed. In the context of globalization the functions of international law, currently supplemented with a commercial function, have also changed. In addition, the article considers a new direction of development of international law - international development law. The international documents in which it was embodied are studied. The authors come to the conclusion that the all-encompassing nature of globalization has influenced primarily state sovereignty characteristics and preconditions the need to further improve international legal norms and institutions.

Copyright of Prawne Problemy Górnictwa i Ochrony Środowiska is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

В статье рассматриваются источники научного права, регулирующие отношения в сфере организации, финансирования и проведения научных исследований. К источникам научного права автор отнес нормативные правовые акты, судебную практику, международные правовые акты, правовые обычаи и локальные нормативные акты научных и образовательных организаций. При этомеще предстоит выработать доктрину научного права, которое в перспективе может занять место источника «права науки».

В статье рассматриваются общие проблемы системы международного права. Актуализируются вопросы теоретического осмысления процесса формирования системы международного права.При этом обращается внимание на структурные изменения и роль внутригосударственных процессов.Анализируется необходимость восприятия системы международного права в многоаспектном формате. В частности, предлагается в рамках изучения науки международного права не ограничиватьсяклассическими категориями системы права, а обеспечить сочетание современных тенденций с классической фундаментальной основой. Такая ориентация вполне обусловлена, а ее успешная апробация зависит от функционирования системы международного права.Уделяется внимание критериям стабильности и сохранения системы международного правав условиях развития механизма международного и национального правотворчества.

Статья посвящена поиску путей активизации международного научно-технического сотрудничества в рамках Шанхайской организации сотрудничества. Авторами предлагаются такие способыразвития международного научно-технического сотрудничества в ШОС, как создание специальнойкомиссии ШОС по научно-техническому сотрудничеству, формирование экспертного совета из представителей науки, учреждение фонда по финансированию совместных научных проектов.

Рассмотрены содержание, некоторые проблемы и перспективы международного научно-технического сотрудничества в рамках ШОС на примере Китайской Народной Республики и РеспубликиКыргызстан. На основе сравнительного метода особое внимание уделено разнообразным источникам правового регулирования научно-технической деятельности в указанных странах.

This article is devoted to the studying of rules of international agreements concluded between the subjects of the Russian Federation and foreign states or their subjects, and experience of European Union in using such kind of instruments. The article focuses on analyse of already existed agreements, necessity of harmonization and elaboration of framework agreement.

Objective: to conduct a comprehensive legal analysis of the development of shared oil and gas fields of Iran and neighboring countries.Methods: general scientific method of dialectical cognition, historical-legal, system-structural, comparative-legal, formal-logical and other specific scientific methods of cognition.Results: shared natural resources are resources that, in their natural state, without human intervention, extend beyond the land or sea borders of one state and fall within the jurisdiction of another state. Although the international law formally recognizes the sovereign right of states to use natural resources located in the shelf zone with respect to the legal regulation of the use of natural resources shared by two or more states, there are gaps and contradictions in the law. This, in turn, leads to excessive consumption of resources, unfair competition between the states, and causes serious damage to the field itself. Today, Iran is one of the main owners of oil and gas reserves in the world and in the recent years has made huge investments to their exploration and development. Iran has about 28 fields shared with neighboring countries, and other states over the past twenty years have begun to actively invest and conduct extensive production of these fields unilaterally. Therefore, legal regulation of the shared fields development and investments in the oil and gas sector is of particular importance.Scientific novelty: the article for the first time formulates the rules of joint use of natural resources common to two or more states. Rule one: the obligation to cooperate in order to reach an agreement on the exploration and development of shared natural reservoirs of oil and gas, even if such cooperation does not necessarily lead to the joint exploitation of these resources. Rule two: in the absence of such an agreement, the unilateral use of the shared reservoir should be avoided.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific activities and in the consideration of issues related to the legal regulation of shared oil and gas fields.

Раскрыты объективные условия конфликта интересов развития и интересов обеспечения экологической безопасности, которые приобретают особое значение, когда потребности в защите экологических интересов одной страны противопоставляется потребность развития других стран, входящих в единый природный комплекс. Несовпадение государственных границ и границ административно-территориальных образований стран, хозяйственная деятельность которых оказывает влияние на состояние защищенности экологических интересов Российской Федерации в Балтийском море, с границами экологических систем обусловили необходимость рассмотрения проблемы правовой защиты экологических интересов Российской Федерации в масштабе Балтийского региона. Отсутствие правового механизма обеспечения баланса интересов развития и обеспечения экологической безопасности стран, имеющих выход к Балтийскому морю, обусловило необходимость функциональной характеристики региональной модели правовой защиты экологических интересов Российской Федерации в Балтийском регионе. В статье применительно к цели исследования определено правовое содержание экологических интересов Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены возможности правовой защиты экологических интересов в национальной и международной юрисдикции, выделенных в соответствующие уровни. Определено содержание экологических интересов Российской Федерации в Балтийском регионе. На примере влияния субъектов Российской Федерации, находящихся в пространственных пределах водосборного бассейна Балтийского моря, подтвержден подход к установлению пространственных пределов Балтийского региона для моделирования регионального уровня системы правовой защиты экологических интересов Российской Федерации в Балтийском регионе. Определены экологические интересы Российской Федерации в Балтийском регионе, установлены формы их правовой защиты, выявлены элементы данной системы правовой защиты и их функции. Результатом проведенного авторами исследования является функциональная характеристика модели правовой защиты экологических интересов Российской Федерации в Балтийском регионе, которая может использоваться для совершенствования коммуникационных связей элементов защиты законных интересов Российской Федерации в Балтийском регионе.

Дана характеристика сложившихся в мире к настоящему времени форм межгосударственногонаучно-технического партнёрства (кооперация, коллаборация, ассоциация и т. д.). Особое вниманиеуделено рассмотрению различных способов осуществления такого сотрудничества.

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present moment many ideas on improvement of the activities of mechanisms of universal human rights system are put forward. The creation of the world court of human rights is regarded as one of the most ambitious among these ideas. It is supposed that the establishment of this judicial body would solve difficulties facing this system, including its main component - human rights treaty body system. However, it seems that this suggestion should be taken carefully, since it is crucial to avoid decrease in the effectiveness of the work of the universal human rights system in the result of the changes that would be brought to its activities by the creation of world court of human rights. In this respect in frames of this article the author analyses the proposal of creation of world court of human rights in order to determine its advantages and disadvantages in terms of its capability to enhance effectiveness of functioning of universal human rights system, including human rights treaty bodies. The author identifies key stages in the history of formation of this idea, paying special attention to its development in the context of the process of strengthening the human rights treaty body system as well as determines and critically analyses the main arguments justifying the necessity and effectiveness of creation of world court of human rights. On the basis of the analysis, the author, using arguments of conceptual and practical character, justifies the futility of this initiative at present stage of development of universal human rights system. Considering that the non-amendment of the legal foundations of the functioning of the human rights treaty bodies constitutes the basic requirement of the ongoing treaty body strengthening process, a more effective, than the creation of world court of human rights, mechanism of improving the human rights treaty body system is proposed. This mechanism provides the adoption of measures targeted at strengthening the procedures of the human rights treaty bodies, improving the quality of their recommendations in terms of argumentation and legal clarity. Such an approach is more flexible and has chances to get more support on the side of the treaty bodies themselves, who consider the issues of their competence being most sensitive, as well as on the side of the States Parties.

Objective: to study the international political phenomena, which in the twentieth century were defined by certain scientific communities and governments of the world as “moral diplomacy”.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, that determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, systemic.Results: the concept of “moral diplomacy” is considered from different points of view. The sources of information analyzed in this work ascertain that there is a relationship between the concept of «moral diplomacy» and the two main approaches to its consideration. Despite the small amount of information on the subject, we managed to gather a sufficient number of documents in which the term “moral diplomacy” is applied to both certain types of foreign policy and some diplomatic strategies. We attempted to provide actual historical facts and identify the main scientific conceptions on the matter, as well as to form new ideas and concepts that would help to distinguish between different modern political scenarios. One of these concepts is “Contemporary moral diplomacy” that the U.S. government used as a diversion in an attempt to strengthen and extend their domination over Latin America.Scientific novelty: the information presented in the article helps to understand one of the types of modern diplomatic strategies used in the activities of the United States aimed to retain control in Latin American countries, and the possible actions that countries can take to defend themselves from this strategy.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in research and teaching for the consideration of various contemporary political scenarios. In particular, the understanding of moral and immoral diplomatic strategies may be useful in the interpretation of international political movements in some countries such as the United States.

Objective: to analyze the notion of “diaspora diplomacy” and the main concepts connected with it.Methods: dialectic approach to cognition of the social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in their historical development and functioning in the context of the integrity of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: systemic-structural, formal-juridical, comparative.Results: it is proved in the article, that a diaspora is a part of a nation or a community located in different parts of the world outside the country of origin. In some states diasporas may develop strong ties with the leaders of their present countries, thus influencing their internal and external policy. This phenomenon is known in Americal science as “diaspora diplomacy”. In the recent period it has become increasingly important to analyze the objective and subjective factors of forming the external policy of some countries and the role of diaspora in this process. However, basing on the analyzed sources, we can conclude that the notion “Diaspora diplomacy” is still being formed, as it is being interpreted as various political realities. The studied scientific literature contains several approaches towards the notion of “Diaspora diplomacy”: a) a branch of political sociology of international relations; b) the basic tool for determining various types of external policy, c) diplomatic strategy. Scientific novelty: the article analyzes the notion of "Diaspora diplomacy", as well as the related basic concepts; describes the features of development dynamics of foreign relations between different countries and the role of diaspora in them. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in research and teaching when addressing the issues of the nature of diaspora diplomacy and related concepts.

Objective: to identify and analyze the changes in the legal regulation of financial markets in the EU, which occurred as a result of continuous reforms, one of the key steps of which was the adoption of Directive 2014/65/EC “On financial tools markets”. This document defines the framework for transactions with derivative financial instruments.Methods: formal-legal, comparative, historical, analytical methods of scientific cognition.Results: it was found that Regulation No. 600/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the EU Council “On the financial tools markets” introduced the trading obligation to transactions with derivative financial instruments, that is, the rules on signing contracts on a certain type of regulated platforms. These platforms include regulated markets, multilateral and organized trading platforms, as well as similar platforms registered in the third states. The delegated regulations of the European Commission define the criteria for the diffusion of trading obligations onto various types of financial derivatives. At the moment it is impossible to fully evaluate the innovations results, as most of the provisions and secondary legal acts have not yet come into force or have not been adopted. However, it is clear that the reform of 2014 will not leave the derivatives market in its previous state. Directive No. 2014/65/EU and Regulation No. 600/2014/EU “On financial tools markets” produced a revolution for them. The trading obligation imposed by these documents has forced the parties, involved into transactions with derivative financial instruments, to adopt a new perspective on their activities. As a result of the innovation, a huge part of transactions with them has to be transferred onto regulated platforms and the OTC contracts for many will become illegal.Scientific novelty: the article for the first time analyses and studies the reform of the derivatives market in the EuropeanUnion, as well as peculiarities of functioning of regulated platforms.Practical significance: the findings and provisions of the article can be used for the preparation of normative legal acts in the sphere of financial law of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as for the improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

В статье рассмотрены основополагающие принципы международного права, на основании которых функционирует система международной торговли и заключаются международные контракты (договоры). Основа, на которой строятся эти принципы – рыночные отношения. Однако в настоящее время эта основа подвергаются сильному воздействию со стороны политических интересов отдельных государства. В этих условиях большое значение имеет понимание сущности тех рыночных принципов, на которых основывается международная торговля. В статье дано подробное описание принципов функционирования международной торговли. Дан детальный анализ механизма реализации каждого из этих принципов. Описана международная нормативная база, отражающая эти принципы.

In 2015 the term for the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), set forth in the 2000 United Nations Millennium Declaration, has expired. In certain aspects some of these goals have been achieved. In September 2015 the international community has adopted the new Agenda for Sustainable Development for the period of 2016-2030 - «Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development», which determines 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets, reaffirms the obligations in relation to global partnership for sustainable development and sets out the basic principles of accountability for the implementation of these goals. In frames of this research the authors make an attempt to critically analyze the SDGs and their targets with the aim of identifying the problematic aspects of their implementation in the area of human rights protection, environmental protection, disaster risk reduction and regulation of migration, as well as propose relevant solutions. Carried out the idea that at the current stage it is important in worldwide efforts to implement the SDGs to pay more attention to the mechanisms of control over the achievement of the objectives. In this sense, a significant contribution can make a compliance review at the level of inter-regional, regional and subregional organizations that provide diversified, reliable and proven tools to measure progress in achieving the SDGs. In the article it is concluded that it is necessary to develop and sign the relevant agreements between the regional and subregional entities, to create a working group to coordinate in order to identify the most problematic areas and determine the forms of cooperation, to develop a «roadmap» for further cooperation of the universal, inter-regional, regional and subregional mechanisms in SDGs field achievements.

The article is devoted to the most acute problem of the modern world - the revision of the traditional fundamental values that are the basis for the existence of all humanity. Currently in many Western countries have adopted national laws on the «gay marriage», is legalized the right of adoption of children by same-sex couples , is under discussion decriminalization of incest and pedophilia. Despite the fact that same-sex relationships, as well as other «non-traditional relationship», are known since time immemorial, until the XX century, no one tried to equate them with the traditional family relationships, presenting them as the same norm. Moreover, in most of the countries that legalized same-sex relationships, these type of relationships is shown to children as «normal» and «natural.» Parents who try to prevent children from obtaining such knowledge, facing the responsibility from the administrative penalty to criminal penalties. The problem is compounded by the fact that the countries that legalized same-sex relationships, trying to actively promote and impose on other countries the so-called «LGBT rights» within the framework of international organizations, human rights treaty bodies, regional and international organizations. The author gives examples of national legislation and international norms of «soft law» in this area, adopted within the framework of the UN and the Council of Europe, analyzes them for compliance with the norms of international law, the main place among which is occupied by norms of international treaties recognizing the right to education. In the study of the right to education is considered a right of parents to raise their children according to their own moral, religious and philosophical convictions, as a basis for the protection of their children from non-traditional relationships' propaganda. The article deals with the position of Russia opposite to the promotion of non-traditional relationships and the measures taken by it at the national level to protect against this propaganda, as well as its active position on the national and international levels to educate future generations on the basis of traditional values of humankind and its importance for the maintenance of national and international security.

This article examines the role of Russia in the international anti-terrorism cooperation. The author analyzes Russian anti-terrorist activities since the war in Chechnya in 1990s till nowadays. The article notes that the state performs regularly with useful profile initiatives on the world arena and operates within the framework of the international law in the decision making process and during the operations. Particular attention is paid to the events that occurred in 2015, when Russia began a struggle against terrorism in Syria, becoming the only state that carries out anti-terrorist actions according to the official handling of the legitimate president of Syria: the author evaluates the data of events and makes forecast on the development of the situation in the foreseeable future.

Unity of all movements of the population covered by the concept of migration as a subject of international legal regulation, in terms of risks and the potential for States, societies and individuals objectively pushes States to a comprehensive approach towards the phenomenon of migration. Inter-State cooperation on migration issues is being developed in different forms: treaty form and non-treaty form. And in all cases a share of inconsistency remains. Cooperation of States in the form of international agreements has not resulted yet in a comrehensive treaty on migration, on the contrary, the demand for such a treaty still follows from the analysis of only non-legally binding instruments, such as those by the UN General Assembly. Nowadays, one can only single out the blocks on the most important aspects of migration, e.g. human rights, fight against crime, etc., i.e. agreements developed as part of other branches of public international law, but applicable to the situation of migration. The exception here is refugee law that developed more or less on its own. However it covers one problem of migration out of many, and, thus, is an exception that proves the rule. Non-treaty (or institutional) form of cooperation of States also lacks a single unit, authorized by States to a comprehensive approach towards migration aimed at developing the commitments (obligations) in this area and control mechanisms over the execution of those commitments. There are a lot of international intergovernmental organizations touching migration within their respective competences. Duplication of their activity is monitored through coordination mechanisms. States' need for cooperation is further satisfied through non-binding «processes», «fora», «initiatives» operating at regional and universal levels. Author's opinion on the root-cause of the situation lies in the belief that effective and transparent co-operation can only be based on the true coordination of the wills of the States, whereas at present, the discussions of migration topics at the universal level are based on systematically distorted data, despite all the calls for the creation of the reliable multifaceted factological base. It seems to the author that the latest plans to develop by 2018 global compacts on migration and refugees, correspondingly, are not capable of radically changing the situation.

The article dwells upon the political and juridical analysis of the territorial dispute between Bolivia and Chile. There was conducted the analysis of Bolivian lawsuit against Chile in the International Court of Justice, were pointed out the peculiarities of the case, were subjected to analysis the positions of the two countries towards the dispute The author makes conclusions about the prospects of resolution of the dispute and its contribution to the international law

The article studies the process of peace settlement of the war in Eastern Galicia between 1918 and 1919. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the policy of Poland and the West Ukrainian People’s Republic meant to legitimate power in the disputed region. He also studies the mediation initiative of the Entente and the conflict settlement process during the peace conference in Paris, revealing the motives of the parties’ actions. With reference to a particular example, the article mainly aims to prove that the idea of law and justice was degrading and failing due to the hegemony of western states that assumed the role of world arbiters following the defeat of the German-Austrian alliance. This status let them ignore the principles of international relations and take decisions relying on geopolitical motives and their own imperialist interests. The analysis is made with reference to archival and published sources, i.e. texts of international treaties, minutes of the Supreme War Council’s meetings, diplomatic correspondence, reports of povit commissars of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic, appeals on behalf of the Polish population of Galicia, etc. Additionally, the author takes into account the achievements of modern historiography relating to the issue in question in the Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, and English languages.

The aim of the present Article is to analyze the inaction between the state and financial organizations on the example of one of the exterritorial acts - FATCA-Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. For the first time ever the present article analyses the conflict between international law and global law basing on FATCA: in fact FATCA-local law of the US - shall be applied on the territories of other countries. The article specifies that FATCA is not a precedent. The author researches on FATCA provisions, on their applicability in the Russian Federation, the change of attitude of Russian officials to FATCA, makes a conclusion on the legal bases to apply the exterritorial law in Russia. Another result of the present Article is in the substantiation by the author of the conclusion that application of FATCA in Russia may be considered as a violence of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, which means superiority and independence of the state power, legislative, executive and judicial power of the Russian Federation and independence of the state in the international relations. General, specific and particular research methods are used in the Article, including systemic, comparative, historical and juridical research methods. The practical value of the article is in the possibility to apply its main provisions and results in scientific and academic activities while waiting practical results of deoffshorising of Russian economy and during the course of anti-money laundering.

There are some groups of norms in International Law, which have no general opinion on their nature. Exactly-whether they may be named as the branches of International Law. International Transport Law (ITL) is among them. The authors of the present article systematized corresponding criterions on the examples of some "of no doubt" brunches of International Law and supposed that the reader will decide himself in what degree these criterions may be used to the ITL and, correspondingly, whether it may be qualified as the brunch of International law.

A lot of publications, devoted to international sanctions, appeared at the beginning of XXI century. Still, in connection with the recent "sanction events" in the international life, it is necessary to devote them the additional judgment, point of view. Especially because in respect to Russia they are of political nature, which is underlined by the "sanctionaries" themselves. The judged should be both the nature and the form of corresponding sanctions as well as perspectives of their stability in the future development of contemporary international law, which is often named "new" in a certain respect under the influence of the sanction mechanism discussed.

Modern international security is a heterogeneous sphere that includes both state and nonstate actors. Legal status of some non-state actors is not always clear. This can be attributed mostly to the dynamics of the global processes. The emergence of new actors, their fast transformation and shift from old forms of activity to the new ones often outpace political and legal assessment of their nature, the impact on some other international trends and the implications of their use that may arise. States and international organizations together with business and non-governmental foundations have started to turn to private security actors more frequently. The fact that traditional methods of state violence are complemented by non-traditional forms influences the idea of violence in the society at large. The efficiency of non-state security actors and the speed they provide services with sometimes exceed the ones of civil servants' and outmaneuver state machine. However these advantages do not contribute to the legitimacy of these non-state actors. As a result during a certain period of time, sometimes a significant one, new actors perform having just a partial legitimacy and a vague accoun tability. Various approaches towards regulation of the abovementioned actors within the framework of national and regional legislation clarify their status in a way. But these measures are not enough for them to obtain legal status under the International Law so far. To address the problem a complex approach that would combine the existing International Law mechanisms with the developing self-regulation methods is needed.

This article presented as a review to the textbook of the Doctor of History Shakhalilov Shamansur, The History of International Relations: Driving Forces, Global Tendencies. Moscow State University Press, 2015. The author focuses readers attention on the regularities of formation, development and peculiarities of legal regulation of international relations, considers these relations as an ongoing, highly controversial and multidirectional developing process of the formation of the world system of States and international relations, explores the driving forces, events and phenomena, who had in his time, and many still have a decisive influence on international policy the leading powers of the world in the framework of nonlinear processes of globalization and the current, seriously flawed by today's standards, world order and system of international law. The article draws readers attention to everything presented in the tutorial main substantial characteristics and patterns of international relations in their historical context. Emphasizes the inadmissibility of violations of principles and norms of functioning of the traditional system of international law; analyses the factors of influence on the world trends of globalization processes is the gradual destruction of the boundaries between national and international levels of government and governance, the increasing role of supranational political actors. Attention is drawn to the increasing importance in international Affairs information and communication technologies and social networks, expanding the access of citizens to discuss government decisions on international issues. Article will help not only students, but all interested in the patterns, principles and features of international practices in different historical periods and in different civilization. Will foster in the reader a holistic view of the system of international relations and diplomatic activities, to learn, to understand the origins, motivations and basic principles of foreign policy in different historical and structural conditions, a deeper understanding of the relevant definitions, concepts, norms and traditions of international relations and the professional culture in diplomacy.