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Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of The L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University Political Science Regional Studies Oriental Studies Turkology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In modern conditions, much of the relationship between agrarian agents, and agricultural activity in general, is governed by some forms of contract. However, economic analyzes of agrarian contracts in Bulgaria are incidental, limited to individual types of contracts, and detached from the process of contracting and contract imlementation, and dominating institutional order. This article continues the presentation of a holistic A-M-P-O approach to the economic analysis of contracts and contractual relations of agrarian Agents by conducting an economic analysis of the available contractual Means, the agrarian contracting Process, and the resulting contractual Order. First, a classification of the principle types of contracts is made and their economic characteristics, possibilities and disadvantages for governing the relations of agrarian agents are analyzed. After that, the stages of the agrarian contracting process is analised, the critical factors of transaction costs presented, and a matrix for determining the most efficient governing form, depending on the combination of critical dimensions of agrarian transactions, suggested. Finally, the specific contractual and governance order resulting from the contractual process is analyzed, and the stages of the process of improving contractual relations in the agrarian sphere are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arround the globe, a huge number of theoretical and empirical studies and publications related to agrarian contracts of various types have been made. In Bulgaria, the studies of economic contracts in general, and of agrarian contracts in particular, are incidental, with individual researchers applying "their own" definitions and methodologies, which are often contradictory, non-comprehensive and highly debatable. The article attempts to answer several important academic and practical questions: what is an economic contract, what is the difference of the economic approach compared to other (legal, sociological, etc.) approaches to the study of contracts, what is the role of economic contracts in agrarian governance, why there is such a huge variety of contracts used by agents, etc. The achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics are adapted and a holistic framework for the economic understanding and analysis of agrarian contracts and contractual relations in agriculture is presented. The system of agrarian contracts is seen as a complex, networked and multi-layered system, involving a variety of agrarian and non-agrarian Agents, who govern their relations and activities through various contractual Means (types of contracts), participating in the agrarian contractual Process, as a result of which in each particular time period in a given country, region, sub-sector, type of farming, agro-ecosystem, etc. dominates a certain contractual and governance Order. Like the economic analysis of the system of agrarian governance, the holistic analysis of the system of economic contracts is to apply an A-M-P-O approach, which includes an analysis of all its elements - Agents, Means, Process, and Order. The article offers an adequate economic definition of agrarian contracts and characterization of their place in the system of agrarian governance as bilateral or multilateral agreements related to agricultural production and services. After that, an economic characterization of the agents participating in the contractual relations is made, paying particular attention to their bounded rationality and tendency to opportunism. These two characteristics related to "human nature" are the reason for the existence of transaction costs and the need to choose an effective governing (contractual) form to increase the "rationality" of agents and protect against possible opportunism in their relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Коммерческий характер многих областей физической культуры и спорта обусловливает необходимость заключения гражданско-правовых договоров. В спортивных отношениях, где почтивсе находится в зависимости от индивидуальных особенностей спортсмена, от физиологическихи психологических качеств его организма, а также от уникальности и специфики того или иноговида спорта, договор выступает необходимым и действенным средством индивидуального регулирования, позволяющим учесть своеобразные интересы любого участника спортивных отношений.В результате анализа гражданского законодательства и теоретических аспектов института защиты прав авторами сформулирован вывод о том, что защита прав и интересов сторон договорногообязательства в любой сфере гражданского оборота, в том числе и в сфере физической культурыи спорта, осуществляется целой системой мер, направленных на обеспечение интересов сторонна всех стадиях возникновения и исполнения обязательства. Данная система не ограничиваетсятолько мерами гражданско-правовой ответственности, а состоит также из комплекса дополнительных способов побуждения должника к надлежащему исполнению обязанностей и служат гарантией обеспечения интересов кредитора.

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Статья посвящена проблеме практической значимости корректной договорной работы. Поскольку гражданский оборот функционирует за счет договоров, постольку правильная договорная работапозволит избежать многочисленных рисков для организаций, а также различных расходов и убытков, как последствий некачественной договорной работы. Анализ судебной практики позволил выявить обстоятельства, входящие в предмет доказывания по спорам о неравных договорных условиях.С использованием метода моделирования в работе приводятся примеры гипотетических договорныхусловий, наиболее эффективные для исследуемых ситуаций. В качестве вывода были выявлены некоторые способы ведения переговоров и формулирования договорных условий.

The IFRS 17 accounting standard was introduced on 18 May 2017 to enhance comparability between accounting treatments of insurance contracts globally. The new standard introduces a contracted service margin (CSM). The CSM is a component of the asset or liability for a group of insurance contracts that represents the unearned profit that an entity will recognise when it provides services under an insurance contract in the future. IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts requires entities to recognise the amount of the service contract margin for a group of insurance contract in profit or loss in each period to reflect the insurance contract services provided in the insurance contract group during that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Dialogue: East-West is the property of International Center for Slavic Education- Sveti Nikole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Рассматриваются дискуссионные вопросы, касающиеся места семейно-правовых соглашений в классификации юридических фактов. Авторы выносят на обсуждение вопрос о правовойприроде семейно-правового соглашения. В статье представлена антология юридической мыслио семейных правоотношениях советского периода, а также краткая ретроспектива ее развитияв последние 20 лет. Авторы определяют семейное право как самостоятельную правовую отрасльс присущими ей особенностями, которые предопределяют и особые качества семейно-правовыхсоглашений, не позволяющих их отождествлять с гражданско-правовыми договорами. Предлагается отказаться от применения норм гражданского законодательства при регулировании семейныхсоглашений.

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Особого внимания заслуживает договор купли-продажи будущей вещи, в котором товаром выступает земельный участок. На данный момент не сложилось единообразной судебной практики относительно индивидуализации еще не образованного земельного участка в качестве предмета договоракупли-продажи будущей недвижимой вещи. В случаях, если в соответствии с законодательством земельный участок приобретает качества делимой вещи, объектом гражданского оборота может бытьне только соответствующий земельный участок в целом, но и его часть, которая в таком случае приобретает статус самостоятельного земельного участка. Представляется, что только после установления (изменения) местоположения границ земельного участка, т. е. образования земельного участка,он может быть объектом земельных и гражданско-правовых отношений, объектом права собственности и других прав на землю. Действующее законодательство не содержит запрет на куплю-продажу земельного участка, право собственности на который в момент заключения договора купли-продажи не зарегистрировано в установленном порядке, однако индивидуализация земельного участкапутем его межевания и постановки на кадастровый учет является обязательным условием для того,чтобы земельный участок стал предметом договора купли-продажи будущей недвижимой вещи.

The development of industrial property rights, in business practice and the soft law developed the franchise like commercial activity. Economical prosperity on franchise like commercial activity reflected of the legal framework on some national systems. This fact imposes the need for determination of the concept of franchising, the rights and obligations for each of contract participants. The franchise in Repubilc of North Macedonia is not regulated by law, this mean that Republic of North Macedonia don’t have lex specialis for franchisе. In addition to the stated specifics, the purpose of determining the legal nature of this institute is to determine the rights and obligations of the contracting parties, liability for damage, ways of terminating the contract, etc. Franchising is a more profitable model than the model of starting your own business from the lowest level. Of course, we base this perception and view on the previously conducted analysis in the literature and comparative business practice. Namely, it is indisputable that the beginnings of every business business represent a vision for success in modern society, on the other hand we must not ignore the impact of franchising, license, know-how, as the most modern business institutes. Franchising is a special kind of international licensing strategy when a company / trader buys the legal rights to use the name, brand, trademark or methods of operation of a foreign company. Franchising is applied in the service activities, when the seller of the franchise - the franchisor, assigns the right to use the industrial property rights to the buyer of the franchise. At the heart of franchising is the transfer of the right to use specific industrial property rights: trademark, industrial design, patent, know how, etc. On the basis of the franchise agreement, the franchisor gives the franchisor the right to perform the work in a certain way, which in practice is proven as a brand of doing business, and the latter in return is obliged to pay a certain percentage of the realized sales. This as compensation for the use of the trademark, emblem, process or production system (franchisor knowledge and experience). The question of the legal nature of the franchise agreement is an extremely complex one. This agreement contains elements of other named and unnamed agreements of autonomous commercial law, as follows: contract of sale, agreement of commercial representation, distribution agreement, license agreement for industrial property rights, know-now agreement. Hence, we can emphasize that the franchise agreement is a combination and composition of all those elements that lose their autonomy and uniqueness. In addition to the stated specifics, the purpose of determining the legal nature of this institute is to determine the rights and obligations of the contracting parties, liability for damage, ways of terminating the contract, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Предмет. Проблема применения неконкурентных способов определения поставщика, подрядчика, исполнителя в рамках осуществления закупочной деятельности образовательной организации волнуют многих субъектов контрактной системы РФ от самих Заказчиков до контрольных органов, занимающихся регулированием закупочной деятельности и соблюдением законодательства в сфере закупки товаров, работ, услуг. Осуществление закупки у единственного поставщика нарушает реализацию отдельных принципов функционирования контрактной системы, способствует ограничению информационной базы экономического анализа эффективности закупки, способствует неравномерности распределения финансовых ресурсов для покрытия обязательств по исполнению договорных обязательств. Цели. Комплексное авторское исследование анализа равномерности заключения договоров на закупку товаров, работ, услуг у единственного поставщика бюджетной образовательной организации. Разработка системы показателей экономического анализа равномерности заключения договоров, которая позволит ускорить оборачиваемость товаров, работ, услуг, улучшить качество закупки товаров, работ, услуг и мобилизации внутренних резервов финансирования закупки. Методология. В процессе исследования проблемы применялись такие общенаучные методы познания, как анализ и синтез, системность и комплексность, использовались логический подходы к получению доказательств и аргументации новых положений экономического анализа. Результаты. Использование экстенсивного пути удовлетворения потребности Заказчика в товарах, работах, услугах ведет к росту затратоемкости заключения договоров на закупку товаров, работ, услуг у единственного поставщика. Экономное использование товаров, рациональность закупки работ, услуг, обоснованность расчета начальной (максимальной) цены договора – цены договора с единственным поставщиком способствуют росту объемов закупочной деятельности и рентабельности затрат на ее осуществление. Выводы. Сделаны выводы о том, что расчет и интерпретация значений показателей анализа равномерности заключения и исполнения договоров на закупку товаров, работ, услуг у единственного поставщика позволит выработать рекомендации Заказчику в области соблюдения принципа равномерности распределения финансовых ресурсов и формирования положений основных локальных финансовых документов образовательного учреждения, направленных на повышение результативности закупочной деятельности экономических субъектов.

В статье проведен анализ действующей юридической доктрины, гражданского законодательства и правоприменительной практики Российской Федерации сквозь призму основных принципов легистского типа правопонимания. Авторы, руководствуясь правовыми позициями высших органов правосудия Российской Федерации и Европейского Суда по правам человека по гражданским делам, обосновывают выводы о необходимости пересмотра научных представлений о сущности отечественного права и доминирования одного лишь типа правопонимания в России - легистского.

Copyright of International Dialogue: East-West is the property of International Center for Slavic Education- Sveti Nikole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Dialogue: East-West is the property of International Center for Slavic Education- Sveti Nikole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The performance of the obligations in contract law is the complicated legal phenomenon. The Ar-ticle observes the theoretical aspects of the legal nature of contractual performance, which is the contro-versial matter and it’s have no unity in German legal doctrine and case law. However, without the clear and common understanding of the essence of performance of the con-tractual obligation, it is impossible to establish common performance criteria and its caused of incon-sistency of law enforcement. The purpose of Article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the legal nature of the perfor-mance of the obligations and the selection of its basic elements. In this regard, the author refers to the materials of the German civil doctrine of the 19-20 centuries. First, the Article analyzes the ideas of pandect law as the basis for the research of the essence of the contract performance and to this day does not lose its significance for the modern understanding of the legal nature of the contractual performance. In particular, the fundamental ideas of pandect law such as the fulfillment through acts of omission, determination, purpose etc., found its development in the theories of German legal thought of the twentieth century and in the German legislation and case law. Turning to the German legal thought of the twentieth century the Article observes the general contrac-tual theory, the limited contractual theory and the purpose agreement theory. In conclusion, the author singles our the three main elements - the act, will and purpose through the prism which should be considered the performance of contractual obligations and to determine its legal nature.

The article presents a comparative analysis of different kinds of contracts concluded du-ring the resettlement of foreign colonists to Russia in the 1760s. The agreements are classi-fi ed and characterized in terms of form, structure of content and composition of counterparts. The content of the contracts is correlated with the legislative norms as well as with other sourc-es, which infl uenced the creation of such a kind of document. The paper studies the agreements with different subcategories of foreign colonists: manufacturers, recruiters (“vyzyvateli”), plowmen. The author demonstrates the process of the rights and obligations establishment in the contracts as well as how the working-out and discussion of conditions were conducted, fi nally - in what degree the foreigners could infl uence the results. If, for example, the foreign specialists, who were hired to the Russian service temporarily, had more chances to change and improve the terms of contracts, in the case of foreign colonists, the latter ones more often just had to accept the conditions offered by the government. The author concludes that the agreements with manufacturers in many ways were similar to those with hired foreign specialists; contracts with “vyzyvateli” were the most unifi ed and, with rare exceptions, strictly corre-sponded to the form determined by the law. The paper reveals the specifi cs of the content of contracts, in particular, chapters concern-ing the subject of agreement (the main task of a foreigner was to cultivate land, to organize a factory or to attract colonists-farmers), obligation of transferring knowledge and experience to Russian pupils, fi nancial issues, conditions of trade, possibilities of leaving Russia and ac-tions in the case of foreigner’s death.The author shows the involvement of agreements with colonists in the general develop-ment of contractual relationships between the state and foreigners as members of the Russian society.

In the civil legislation in the field of regulation of legal relations between the author-worker and the employer concerning the creation and use of the service results of intellectual activity (RIA), there are a number of unresolved issues. One of them concerns the size, the procedure for determining and paying remuneration to the author of the work. Despite the availability to date of a sufficient number of legal and by-laws (which refer to each other, but do not provide answers to the questions posed), the question of the legal nature of remuneration remains unresolved, as a material benefit paid to the author. As a result, employers or third parties often abuse legislative gaps in order to obtain an object of creative work without payment to the employee for the fairness of the due goods. After the creation of the official RIA, the question arises of the payment or non-payment of remuneration to the employee. After all, it will be profitable for the employer to recognize an object created by a thoughtful way, performed by an employee in the framework of a labor activity or a specific job of the employer. At what, such task should not go beyond the scope of the job description. As compensation, as a rule, will be small. And what if the object is created outside the scope of the labor function? What will be the fair and lawful amount of remuneration? Therefore, it is precisely such concepts as «labor duty» and «specific task of the employer» that become a stumbling block in practice. And when solving the questions posed, the authors often begin to search for answers from the philosophical origins of the origin of remuneration for creative work, using methods of comparative analysis, historical legal methods and even the philosophical teachings of ancient thinkers. Let’s demonstrate this on this topic. The purpose of the scientific article is to solve the problem when collecting the author’s performance results of intellectual activity for the created and used intellectual property objects using the categories of «justice», «legality», «symmetry», having a philosophical genesis. Methods of scientific research are: analysis of existing civil legislation in the field of copyright protection, a comparative-historical approach to the study of the formation and development of legislation in the field of intellectual property, the synthesis of knowledge formulated by ancient Greek and medieval thinkers, to consider the payment of compensation to the author through the prism of the distribution of benefits in Politically-organized society. Results: this knowledge is applicable in the field of protecting the rights of authors of their subjective rights to the results of intellectual activity created in the framework of work activities or specific employer’s work.

From the perspective of Bulgarian law, the tour operator is an independent trader who organizes and carries out activities on tourist travel and subsistence and related services on the basis of contracts for tourist packages. The tour operator consolidates on a contractual basis services provided by other traders and offers them on the market in the form of tourist packages. In view of this economic scheme, the question arises as to the quality of the tour operator, whether as a commission agent or as an intermediary or in another quality. Finding an answer to this question is also the aim of our paper. The paper thoroughly examines the essence of travel agencies, their core functions and the additional features. It is argued that tour operators are not commission agents to the suppliers, nor are they intermediaries between them and the traveler/tourist for the provision of the individual tourist services included in the package. We consider and argue in favor of the thesis that tour operators are the main party to the contract for organized tourist package and it is concluded on their behalf. Finally, we can say that the contract for tourist package is an individual type of contract to which the general contract rules may apply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article displays the practical experience of the vocational school in introducing dual form of education in the field of vocational education and training. It includes both activities and results of the two stages of its implementation - experimental and real. The study covers the period from 2016 to 2018. The approbation was carried out with students from 11th grade, studying “Restoration of Stylish Furniture and Joinery”, together with companies from the wood and furniture industries. The actual period began in 2017 when the school was included in the Bulgarian-Swiss project “DOMINO” (Dual Education for Modern Requirements and Needs of the Society) and continues up to now with students from the specialty “Furniture Manufacturing”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Dialogue: East-West is the property of International Center for Slavic Education- Sveti Nikole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the priority directions of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of space exploration. In particular, special attention is paid to the sharing of the unique complex “Baikonur”. Shown the leading role of Russia in the training of Kazakhstan's own space program. All these issues are discussed on the basis of normative-legal base of cooperation between the two countries in the field of use of cosmodrome “Baikonur”. Simultaneously analyzes the problems arising in the implementation of the Russian-Kazakh cooperation in space exploration which have practical importance for space exploration as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Particular attention is paid to the problem of ecological safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan related to the operation of the cosmodrome “Baikonur”. It is noted that Russia is responsible as the launching State, in accordance with the The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects of 1972. Russian plans about the possible transfer of missile launches for new spaceports in the Russian territory, in particular to the launch site Vostochniy, to Plesetsk in Arkhangelsk region and to Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan Region are analyzed. The main proposals of the Kazakh side in this regard are also discussed.

In post-Soviet period Russia and Iran have experienced quite a few sharp turns in bilateral relations. Periods of active dialogue alternated with long pauses, signing of multibillion-dollar contracts was replaced by the prosecution of both parties in default of its obligations and commitments. Geopolitical interests in this case take precedence over economic ones. The article describes the role of the Iranian issue in Russian-US relations, both within the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission and concerning Iranian nuclear program. The question of the legal status of the Caspian Sea also affects bilateral relations. However, there are a number of objective factors that bring together country. Among them is a need to combat ethnic separatism as well as shock economic reforms started almost simultaneously in Russia and Iran in the early 1990s and led to an increase in social tension. Both countries are interested in maintaining peace and stability in the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, Caucasus and Afghanistan. In July 2005, Iran received observer status at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). With the return to the post of Russian president Vladimir Putin in 2012, there has been improvement in Russian-Iranian relations. There has been a number of positive trends in trade and economic relations, implementation of joint economic projects.

This article dedicated exclusive ly to the analysis of current problems of carriage by air on the international level in Russia. The article may serve as a scientific and practical commentary and comparative analysis of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (Montreal, 28 May 1999) and the system of the Warsaw Convention 1929 documents application problems. The author examines problems of legal sources on international air carriage regulation application, the legal nature of the contract of carriage. A central part of the article is taken by such issue as the problem ofjoining of Russian Federation to Montreal Convention 1999. The article also covers the issue of claims against the carrier, and the insurance of carrier’s liability.

The article on the extensive factual material considered priorities and formation of the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus in the conditions of the Commonwealth of Independent States, after the collapse of the USSR. Highlights the positive role of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev to realize these issues. All issues are analyzed with the help of large legal framework, which was formed between Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of realization of the Customs Union countries and other countries of the CIS goals.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of legal regulation of relations to provide rating services. Emphasizes the civil nature of these relations. The author's definition of the rating services, defining its symptoms. Analyzed legislation governing the provision of services. It is noted that the legislation on the provision of rating services in the Russian Federation is actually in the process of formation. Analyzes the concept of quality of rating services, authorized concept features quality rating services. Notes that the law does not impose any mandatory requirements to the quality of the rating services. Found that an important mechanism for confirming the quality of the rating services is accredited rating agencies. Concluded that the civil-legal nature of the rating services allows us to consider them in the context of the law of obligations. At the same obligation on rendering the rating services is negotiable.