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Problem setting. Since the creation of the United Nations, it has been 73 years since, the world has changed dramatically, and accordingly, the Organization must change, rebuild under new realities. Due to the increase in the number of international conflicts, global problems of our time, the intensification of world globalization, informatization and computerization of all spheres of society, old methods and ways of getting out of crisis situations either cease to work or become ineffective. Therefore, the way in which the United Nations is transformed will determine the state of affairs in the international arena, world peace and security. Recent research and publications analysis. In the sociology of international relations and related academic disciplines, the issue of UN activity and development was studied by such scholars as B.M. Ashavsky, M.P.O. Baccarini, M.O. Baimuratov, Z. Bauman, S. Browne, M.V. Buromensky, R. Butler, S. Chesterman, K. Engelbrekt, Y.P. Godovnik, R.V. Guban, J.M. Hanhimaki, D. Howell, I. Johnstone, D. Malone, P. Nadin, O.V. Serdyuk, B.I. Tarasyuk, N. Turchin, Yu.O. Voloshin, T.J. Weiss, I.V. Yakovuk, Y.M. Zhukovsky, A.M. Zlenko et al. The situation on the international scene is changing, and today the United Nations is faced with new challenges and challenges that have not been studied by the authors or have been studied fragmentarily, so the appeal to comprehend the possible models of reforming the UN in today's conditions is quite expedient. Paper objective ‑ identification of problems in the activities of the United Nations and its ability to perform the tasks set before the organization, as well as proposals to overcome the problems identified to ensure the effectiveness of the UN work. Paper main body. The UN structure is rather complex and includes a large number of different organizational units of committees, commissions, departments, etc. Main structural units the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council (suspended on 1 November 1994), the Secretariat. From the point of view of the level of authority, the General Assembly and the UN Security Council are the most important. The beginning of the active reform process of the United Nations is linked to the election of Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997. During the 52nd session of the UN General Assembly, the main directions for updating the UN were proposed, including structural changes in the Secretariat, coordination of organizations of the UN system at the country level, and improving interaction with civil society. This topic was developed at the Millennium Summit in 2000 immediately after the 55th session of the UN General Assembly, which took place in September of the same year. Summing up the achievements of the United Nations during its existence, it is worth pointing out the process of its transformation from the organization, which was focused mainly on conference services, to a truly global provider of services, which operates in virtually every corner of the world, thereby helping to improve the lives of people in need of assistance. The following statistical information confirms the progress achieved: more than 70% of the annual budget is allocated to peacekeeping and other field operations, which is almost 20% more than in the mid-1990s; the number of humanitarian missions increased from 12 to 43; the number of human rights defenders of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the states has increased by almost four times. However, there remain problems that have not yet been overcome, the most important of them is the reform of the Security Council. Discussions about reforming the UN Security Council have been taking place since the first years of its existence. The need for the reform of the UN Security Council is due to significant changes in the world that took place after the Second World War: economic, military-political, demographic, etc. The current composition of the UN Security Council does not proportionally represent the geographical zones of the conflict. Among the 15 members of the UN Security Council, 5 seats were assigned to the Western Europe and other Western European countries (including three permanent members), 2 to Eastern Europe (including Russia), 3 to the Asia-Pacific region (APR, including China), 3 to Africa and 2 ‑ Latin America and the Caribbean. These regional quotas show that one-third of the seats in the UN Security Council are in the « golden billion» , while Eastern Europe, in which there are many unsettled conflicts, is represented only by Russia and one non-permanent member, and the Middle East is the source of the most severe conflicts, has only one representative from the APR group. In addition, the Asian quota can not always take into account the positions of States whose interests affect a number of territorial conflicts in the South China and East China Seas through which the main sea routes of the world pass. Conclusions of the research. There is a need for further UN reform. It is necessary to consistently carry out the reform of the UN Security Council, forming within its framework the agreed conceptual framework and practical measures to preserve and strengthen it as the central UN body, but the transformation is necessary: the world has changed, the structure that protects it must be changed. At the initial stage it is necessary to increase the number of members of the Council, the number of permanent members should reflect the regional picture of the world, new permanent members do not have veto power for 15-20 years.

В статье проанализированы научные труды, нормативно-правовые акты Республики Абхазия, посвященные взаимодействию главы государства с парламентом в законодательном процессе. Автор рассматривает такие аспекты, как право законодательной инициативы, право вето, опубликование законов, принятых парламентом. Сделаны выводы, внесены предложения. Предложены способы совершенствования взаимодействия законодательной и исполнительной власти в законодательном процессе. В статье предложено дополнить существующие варианты взаимодействия Президента с парламентом Республики Абхазия в указанной области путем создания согласительной комиссии или комитета на паритетных началах. Создание согласительной комиссии или комитета на паритетных началах будет способствовать достижению компромисса между Президентом, с одной стороны, и парламентом — с другой, выступит действенным средством успешной доработки закона, фактором, способствующим улучшению юридико-технического качества законов и, наконец, это будет один из шагов на пути оптимизации взаимоотношений Президента с парламентом., The article analyzes scientific works, normative legal acts of the Republic of Abkhazia devoted to the interaction of the head of state with the Parliament in the legislative process. The author considers such aspects as the right of legislative initiative, the right of veto, the publication of laws adopted by the Parliament. Conclusions are drawn, suggestions are made. The ways of improving the interaction of legislative and executive power in the legislative process are proposed. The article proposes to supplement the existing options of interaction between the President and the parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia in this area by creating a conciliation commission or committee on a parity basis. The establishment of a conciliation commission or committee on a parity basis will facilitate a compromise between the President on the one hand and the parliament on the other, will be an effective means of successful completion of the law, will be a factor contributing to the improvement of the legal and technical quality of laws and, finally, will be one of the steps to optimize the interaction between the President and parliament.

Problem setting. Since the creation of the United Nations, it has been 73 years since, the world has changed dramatically, and accordingly, the Organization must change, rebuild under new realities. Due to the increase in the number of international conflicts, global problems of our time, the intensification of world globalization, informatization and computerization of all spheres of society, old methods and ways of getting out of crisis situations either cease to work or become ineffective. Therefore, the way in which the United Nations is transformed will determine the state of affairs in the international arena, world peace and security.Recent research and publications analysis. In the sociology of international relations and related academic disciplines, the issue of UN activity and development was studied by such scholars as B.M. Ashavsky, M.P.O. Baccarini, M.O. Baimuratov, Z. Bauman, S. Browne, M.V. Buromensky, R. Butler, S. Chesterman, K. Engelbrekt, Y.P. Godovnik, R.V. Guban, J.M. Hanhimaki, D. Howell, I. Johnstone, D. Malone, P. Nadin, O.V. Serdyuk, B.I. Tarasyuk, N. Turchin, Yu.O. Voloshin, T.J. Weiss, I.V. Yakovuk, Y.M. Zhukovsky, A.M. Zlenko et al. The situation on the international scene is changing, and today the United Nations is faced with new challenges and challenges that have not been studied by the authors or have been studied fragmentarily, so the appeal to comprehend the possible models of reforming the UN in today's conditions is quite expedient.Paper objective ‑ identification of problems in the activities of the United Nations and its ability to perform the tasks set before the organization, as well as proposals to overcome the problems identified to ensure the effectiveness of the UN work.Paper main body. The UN structure is rather complex and includes a large number of different organizational units of committees, commissions, departments, etc. Main structural units the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council (suspended on 1 November 1994), the Secretariat. From the point of view of the level of authority, the General Assembly and the UN Security Council are the most important.The beginning of the active reform process of the United Nations is linked to the election of Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997. During the 52nd session of the UN General Assembly, the main directions for updating the UN were proposed, including structural changes in the Secretariat, coordination of organizations of the UN system at the country level, and improving interaction with civil society. This topic was developed at the Millennium Summit in 2000 immediately after the 55th session of the UN General Assembly, which took place in September of the same year.Summing up the achievements of the United Nations during its existence, it is worth pointing out the process of its transformation from the organization, which was focused mainly on conference services, to a truly global provider of services, which operates in virtually every corner of the world, thereby helping to improve the lives of people in need of assistance. The following statistical information confirms the progress achieved: more than 70% of the annual budget is allocated to peacekeeping and other field operations, which is almost 20% more than in the mid-1990s; the number of humanitarian missions increased from 12 to 43; the number of human rights defenders of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the states has increased by almost four times. However, there remain problems that have not yet been overcome, the most important of them is the reform of the Security Council. Discussions about reforming the UN Security Council have been taking place since the first years of its existence. The need for the reform of the UN Security Council is due to significant changes in the world that took place after the Second World War: economic, military-political, demographic, etc. The current composition of the UN Security Council does not proportionally represent the geographical zones of the conflict. Among the 15 members of the UN Security Council, 5 seats were assigned to the Western Europe and other Western European countries (including three permanent members), 2 to Eastern Europe (including Russia), 3 to the Asia-Pacific region (APR, including China), 3 to Africa and 2 ‑ Latin America and the Caribbean. These regional quotas show that one-third of the seats in the UN Security Council are in the «golden billion», while Eastern Europe, in which there are many unsettled conflicts, is represented only by Russia and one non-permanent member, and the Middle East is the source of the most severe conflicts, has only one representative from the APR group. In addition, the Asian quota can not always take into account the positions of States whose interests affect a number of territorial conflicts in the South China and East China Seas through which the main sea routes of the world pass.Conclusions of the research. There is a need for further UN reform. It is necessary to consistently carry out the reform of the UN Security Council, forming within its framework the agreed conceptual framework and practical measures to preserve and strengthen it as the central UN body, but the transformation is necessary: the world has changed, the structure that protects it must be changed. At the initial stage it is necessary to increase the number of members of the Council, the number of permanent members should reflect the regional picture of the world, new permanent members do not have veto power for 15-20 years., В статье исследуется деятельность ООН, ее институты и структура. Доказывается, что ООН нуждается в реформировании, прежде всего, ее главных структур: Генеральной Ассамблеи и Совета Безопасности, превращение их в эффективно работающие структуры. Кроме того требуют своего реформирования и совершенствования деятельность по поддержанию мира и разоружению, создание эффективной системы обеспечения прав человека, укрепление судебной системы, координация деятельности специализированных учреждений и специальных комиссий и фондов ООН, укрепление кадрового потенциала., У статті досліджується діяльність ООН, її інститути і структура. Доводиться, що ООН потребує реформування, насамперед, її головних структур: Генеральної Асамблеї і Ради Безпеки, перетворення їх в ефективно працюючу структуру. Крім того вимагають свого реформування та вдосконалення діяльність з підтримки миру і роззброєння, створення ефективної системи забезпечення прав людини, зміцнення судової системи, координація діяльності спеціалізованих установ та спеціальних комісій і фондів ООН, зміцнення кадрового потенціалу.

This article is dedicated to the issue of the United Nations reformation process in general and the Security Council reform in particular. The authors study the problem that has had increasing importance for decades. They point out the main concepts of the Organization and main matters of argument when it comes to the process of the Security Council reform. These include: the matter of enlargement, the matter of veto, the matter of representation. Moreover, in the paper some approaches to reform’s execution are stated, as well as a brief analysis of how they might affect the Organization in general., Статья посвящается вопросу о реформировании Совета Безопасности ООН как одного из главных органов Организации. Авторы исследуют современное состояние этого процесса, его эволюцию и перспективы. Они выделяют основные принципы, на которых построена ООН, а также различные подходы к решению наиболее важ­ных вопросов, возникающих в экспертной среде: о расширении Совета Безопасно­сти, о праве вето, о принципах принятия решений, о соответствии организации Совета Безопасности современному состоянию международных отношений., Статтю присвячено питанню про реформування Ради Безпеки ООН як одного із головних органів Організації. Автори досліджують сучасний стан цього процесу, його еволюцію та перспективи. Вони виокремлюють основні принципи, на яких побудована ООН, а також різноманітні підходи до вирішення найголовніших питань, які виникають в експертному середовищі: про розширення Ради Безпеки, про право вето, про принципи прийняття рішень, про відповідність організації Ради Безпеки сучасному стану міжнародних відносин.