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The article presents the results of the study of individual conceptual and categorical elements of the system of theoretical and legal regulation of relations in combating corruption in the customs sphere as an important component of strengthening customs security. The individual positions of the formed scientific legal doctrine on the research issues are detailed and the existing gaps in the coverage of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theoretical and legal regulation of anti-corruption activities in the customs sphere as a way to promote the improvement of the general state of customs security are identified. The absence of the regulatory and legal characteristics of the category «competence» of customs authorities regarding the organizational support of combating corruption as a way of ensuring customs security is determined. It is proven that the competence of customs authorities in the field of combating corruption is characterized by a set of legal rights and obligations (powers) of customs authorities and their officials enshrined in the current legislation regarding the requirement of anticorruption behavior from other persons, which is enshrined in the provisions of regulatory acts. It is proposed to make additions to the list of main tasks performed by customs authorities in the Customs Code of Ukraine regarding their powers in the field of combating corruption as a component of customs security, as well as to supplement Article 6. «Customs interests and customs security», paragraph 2.1 with the following content. The competence of customs authorities in the field of combating corruption as a component of customs security is a component of the administrative and legal status of customs authorities, which is a set of their rights and obligations, tasks, functions, subject of competence, purpose, place and role of customs authorities as a specific type of activity in the field of social management, which includes a system of measures of a political, legal, organizational and managerial, ideological, socio-psychological and other nature aimed at ensuring the protection of the customs interests of Ukraine, namely national interests through the implementation of the state's customs policy. Prospects for further research include determining the directions of administrative reform in Ukraine, reviewing the powers, tasks and functions of financial control bodies, and further analyzing and improving basic legal concepts that ensure the state of legality in the field of customs security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to inviolability of housing is one of the fundamental foundations of a democratic society and the principle of the rule of law. The work analyzes in detail the constitutional right to the inviolability of housing in Ukraine and its implementation in practice. The relevant norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and other normative legal acts regarding the conditions of legal and illegal interference in a person's home or other property are thoroughly considered. Cases of justified restriction by state bodies of the right to the inviolability of housing in order to ensure public safety, prevent crimes or protect public order are analyzed in detail. Analyzing a number of decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine regarding the interpretation of the concepts of "intrusion", "housing" and "other possession of a person" in the context of criminal liability for violation of the inviolability of housing. In particular, the definition of "intrusion" in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Council of the USSR in 1983 and the Plenum of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR in 1984 was examined in detail. A number of court decisions regarding the qualification of the actions of law enforcement officers as "intrusion into housing" were also analyzed. A separate section is devoted to a detailed analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice regarding the limitation of the right to inviolability of housing in the USA, Canada and EU countries. In particular, the practice of the US Supreme Court regarding the entry into a home without a warrant under certain conditions was analyzed, compared to the relevant norms of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. On the basis of the study, a conclusion was made regarding the need to ensure a proper balance between the implementation of the law enforcement function of the state and the guarantee of the constitutional right to the inviolability of housing in accordance with European standards in the field of human rights. On the basis of the conducted research, a number of specific proposals were formulated to improve the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and operative investigative legislation with the aim of more clearly regulating the grounds and procedure for possible restriction of the right to the inviolability of housing in accordance with European practice. In general, the work comprehensively analyzes the current legislation regulating the right to inviolability of housing in Ukraine, and the practice of its application in comparison with international experience. Specific and well-founded proposals have been formulated regarding the improvement of the current legislation and the practice of its implementation, taking into account European standards in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role and significance of bail as a preventive measure in criminal proceedings. Procedural and legal aspects of applying this preventive measure are explored, along with the problems arising from its use. Procedural and legal aspects of bail, including its designation, application mechanisms, and limitations, are analyzed in detail. The study focuses on exploring the mechanisms for determining bail, its role in preventing crimes, and its impact on criminal proceedings. The procedures for bail assignment are analyzed, taking into account the risks arising from possible careless or unfair application of this preventive measure. Risks associated with potential improper or unjustified use of this measure are considered. Identified flaws in assigning bail could lead to violations of the rights of individuals suspected of crimes. The necessity to refine legislation for determining procedures to establish the legality of pledged funds is highlighted, which is an important issue in criminal proceedings. Specifically, attention is drawn to the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case «V. v. Switzerland» regarding the refusal to apply bail if the individual providing funds fails to provide adequate evidence of their legality. To ensure transparency and effectiveness of preventive measures, it is essential to establish mechanisms to verify the origin of funds used as bail. This would prevent situations where the source of funds remains unknown or when the individual offering bail has a questionable reputation that could compromise the legality of the funds. Issues in bail application, such as the potential for discrimination, lack of a uniform assignment standard, and the possibility of using bail to pressure suspects or defendants, are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a balanced approach to bail application in criminal proceedings, considering the individual circumstances of each case and maintaining a balance between the interests of justice and the protection of the rights of suspects or defendants. Conclusions and recommendations are made to improve legislation and practices related to bail application, aiming to enhance judicial efficiency and ensure equal conditions for all participants in criminal proceedings. The analysis could serve as a basis for further research and improvements in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of criminal proceedings involving minors, in the context of the norms of national legislation and certain scientific works. It has been determined that the special procedural position of children in criminal proceedings is determined by the age peculiarities of these субʼєктів. The actual international standards concerning the procedure of criminal procedural activity in proceedings involving minors are considered. It is noted that at the national level, the specificity of proceedings in cases of minors is represented primarily in the isolation of the legislative regulation of criminal procedural relations with the participation of these individuals, as evidenced by the provisions of Chapter 38 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine «Criminal proceedings against minors.». During the study, the opinions of domestic scientists on the most problematic issues related to the procedural features of criminal proceedings against persons who have not reached the age of majority were analyzed. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the legal norms of criminal procedural legislation, it was proved that certain procedures and rules of criminal proceedings are adapted specifically to the needs of minors, although their basis are general legal norms. In particular, this fact is evidenced by the dualistic representation of the interests of the juvenile suspect and the accused, the special субʼєктний composition of the participants in criminal proceedings against minors and certain specific aspects both at the stage of pre-trial investigation of juvenile crimes and during subsequent court proceedings. The article also identified a number of problematic aspects related to the implementation of these provisions at the practical level, in the context of which it is proposed to introduce certain additions and changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It is considered necessary to consolidate the special principles of criminal proceedings against minors at the legislative level in the form of a separate article. The conclusion focuses on the fact that despite the existence of certain shortcomings in the legal regulation of proceedings in cases of minors, the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine is developing in the right direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]