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Author of the article, on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, considered socio-political transformations in the Republic of Poland in the post-socialist period of the late XX - early XXI century. The main trends as factors of structural transformations of Poland and construction of its European type are singled out. The scientist, on the basis of the obtained results, concluded that the main and driving trend of the transformation of the republic, the designated period, was the political maturity of the Polish reformer leaders and their readiness for structural modernization of the country. Also, the human-centeredness of government programs reflected in liberal-democratic reforms, among which the main place is allocated to the administrative-territorial (self-governing), medical, pension and educational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparative analysis of the financial and legal condition of scientific societies in Ukraine at the time of the Russian Empire (second half of the 19th century) and in terms of the Bolshevism' policies of the Soviet state (20-30-ies. XX century) was made in the article by historiographical approach as a development of the problem. Also there were described historical circumstances as factors of influence on the activity of scientific organizations. The condition of the scientific study of the problem was examined. There were used both general and special-scientific methods. Primary there was used the historical and critical approach in comprehension of the scientific literature. It was able to form a historical background for further prospects in development issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]