157 results on '"ŽÁRSKÝ V."'
Search Results
2. Signaling in Vesicle Traffic: Protein-Lipid Interface in Regulation of Plant Endomembrane Dynamics
- Author
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Žárský, V., Potocký, M., Mancuso, Stefano, editor, and Balu¿ka, Franti¿ek, editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. ROP (Rho-Related Protein from Plants) GTPases for Spatial Control of Root Hair Morphogenesis
- Author
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Žárský, V., Fowler, J., Robinson, David G., editor, Emons, Anne Mie C., editor, and Ketelaar, Tijs, editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Lipid Metabolism, Compartmentalization and Signalling in the Regulation of Pollen Tube Growth
- Author
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Žársky, V., Potocky, M., Baluška, F., Cvrčková, F., and Malhó, Rui, editor
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Biochemical and Cytological Changes in Young Tobacco Pollen during in vitro Starvation in Relation to Pollen Embryogenesis
- Author
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ŽárskÝ, V., Říhová, L., TupÝ, J., Bliss, F. A., editor, Nijkamp, H. J. J., editor, Van Der Plas, L. H. W., editor, and Van Aartrijk, J., editor
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Expression of GFP-mTalin reveals an actin-related role for the Arabidopsis Class II formin AtFH12
- Author
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Cvrčková, F., Grunt, M., and Žárský, V.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Current status of the multinational Arabidopsis community
- Author
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Parry, Geraint, Provart, Nicholas J., Brady, Siobhan M., Uzilday, Baris, Adams, K., Araújo, W., Aubourg, S., Baginsky, S., Bakker, E., Bärenfaller, K., Batley, J., Beale, M., Beilstein, M., Belkhadir, Y., Berardini, T., Bergelson, J., Blanco-Herrera, F., Brady, S., Braun, Hans-Peter, Briggs, S., Brownfield, L., Cardarelli, M., Castellanos-Uribe, M., Coruzzi, G., Dassanayake, M., Jaeger, G.D., Dilkes, B., Doherty, C., Ecker, J., Edger, P., Edwards, D., Kasmi, F.E., Eriksson, M., Exposito-Alonso, M., Falter-Braun, P., Fernie, A., Ferro, M., Fiehn, O., Friesner, J., Greenham, K., Guo, Y., Hamann, T., Hancock, A., Hauser, M.-T., Heazlewood, J., Ho, C.-H., Hõrak, H., Huala, E., Hwang, I., Iuchi, S., Jaiswal, P., Jakobson, L., Jiang, Y., Jiao, Y., Jones, A., Kadota, Y., Khurana, J., Kliebenstein, D., Knee, E., Kobayashi, M., Koch, M., Krouk, G., Larson, T., Last, R., Lepiniec, L., Li, S., Lurin, C., Lysak, M., Maere, S., Malinowski, R., Maumus, F., May, S., Mayer, K., Mendoza-Cozatl, D., Mendoza-Poudereux, I., Meyers, B., Micol, J.L., Millar, H., Mock, H.-P., Mukhtar, K., Mukhtar, S., Murcha, M., Nakagami, H., Nakamura, Y., Nicolov, L., Nikolau, B., Nowack, M., Nunes-Nesi, A., Palmgren, M., Parry, G., Patron, N., Peck, S., Pedmale, U., Perrot-Rechenmann, C., Pieruschka, R., Pío-Beltrán, J., Pires, J.C., Provart, N., Rajjou, L., Reiser, L., Reumann, S., Rhee, S., Rigas, S., Rolland, N., Romanowski, A., Santoni, V., Savaldi-Goldstein, S., Schmitz, R., Schulze, W., Seki, M., Shimizu, K.K., Slotkin, K., Small, I., Somers, D., Sozzani, R., Spillane, C., Srinivasan, R., Taylor, N., Tello-Ruiz, M.-K., Thelen, J., Tohge, T., Town, C., Toyoda, T., Uzilday, B., Peer, Y.V.D., Wijk, K., Gillhaussen, P.V., Walley, J., Ware, D., Weckwerth, W., Whitelegge, J., Wienkoop, S., Wright, C., Wrzaczek, M., Yamazaki, M., Yanovsky, M., Žárský, V., Zhong, X., Biological Systems Engineering, Organisms and Environment Research Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, University of Toronto, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Chicago], University of Chicago, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), University of Arizona, Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI) - Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of California (UC), Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Agricultural Sustainability Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of Melbourne, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), The Sainsbury Laboratory [Norwich] (TSL), IBM Research – Tokyo, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York [York, UK], Biologie des Semences (LBS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Plant Systems Biology, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology (IBIS), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), National Institute of Genetics (NIG), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Division of Biology [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Earlham Institute [Norwich], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Dynamique du protéome et biogenèse du chloroplaste (ChloroGenesis), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique - Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Platform (MSPP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plant Systems Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biotechnology of plants, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science [Yokohama] (RIKEN CSRS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des plantes (GAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biology, Duke University, Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, RIKEN Plant Science Center and RIKEN Bioinformatics and Systems Engineering Division, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), University of Vienna [Vienna], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), UKRI-BBSRC grant BB/M004376/1, HHMI Faculty Scholar Fellowship, Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) 118Z137, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/M004376/1, Sainsbury Lab, Norwich Research Park, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California-University of California, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ege Üniversitesi, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Receptor-Ligand Signaling Group, University of Zurich, Parry, Geraint, Provart, Nicholas J, and Brady, Siobhan M
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,White Paper ,Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Plant Science ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik) ,Research community ,Arabidopsis ,1110 Plant Science ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,ddc:580 ,Multinational corporation ,MAP ,590 Animals (Zoology) ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Arabidopsis research community ,Evolution ,Steering committee ,Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee ,Library science ,1301 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Business and Economics ,10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavior and Systematics ,Political science ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,MASC ,roadmap ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Plant Sciences ,Botany ,15. Life on land ,11831 Plant biology ,biology.organism_classification ,White Papers ,collaboration ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,QK1-989 ,Arabidopsis Thaliana ,Collaboration ,Research Network ,Roadmap ,570 Life sciences ,1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology ,2303 Ecology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The multinational Arabidopsis research community is highly collaborative and over the past thirty years these activities have been documented by the Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee (MASC). Here, we (a) highlight recent research advances made with the reference plantArabidopsis thaliana; (b) provide summaries from recent reports submitted by MASC subcommittees, projects and resources associated with MASC and from MASC country representatives; and (c) initiate a call for ideas and foci for the "fourth decadal roadmap," which will advise and coordinate the global activities of the Arabidopsis research community., UKRI-BBSRC grant [BB/M004376/1]; HHMI Faculty Scholar Fellowship; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [118Z137], UKRI-BBSRC grant, Grant/Award Number: BB/M004376/1; HHMI Faculty Scholar Fellowship; the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Grant/Award Number: 118Z137
- Published
- 2020
8. Signaling in Vesicle Traffic: Protein-Lipid Interface in Regulation of Plant Endomembrane Dynamics
- Author
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Žárský, V., primary and Potocký, M., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal Membrane Biogenesis in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas
- Author
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Genre, A., Ivanov, S., Fendrych, M., Faccio, A., Žárský, V., Bisseling, T., and Bonfante, P.
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- 2012
- Full Text
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10. Stylar water potential and unilateral interspecific incompatibility inSolanaceae
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Žárský, V., Pospíšilová, J., Štrbáňová, L., and Říhová, L.
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- 1994
- Full Text
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11. Alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes fromNicotiana tabacum include ADH of bothN. sylvestris andN. tomentosiformis
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Žárský, V., Chomátová, S., and Tupý, J.
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- 1994
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12. Generation of superoxide by OeRbohH, a NADPH oxidase activity during olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen development and germination
- Author
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European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Jiménez-Quesada, María José, Traverso, José A., Potocký, M., Žárský, V., Alché Ramírez, Juan de Dios, European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Jiménez-Quesada, María José, Traverso, José A., Potocký, M., Žárský, V., and Alché Ramírez, Juan de Dios
- Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the olive reproductive organs as the result of intense metabolism. ROS production and pattern of distribution depend on the developmental stage, supposedly playing a broad panel of functions, which include defense and signaling between pollen and pistil. Among ROS-producing mechanisms, plasma membrane NADPH-oxidase activity is being highlighted in plant tissues, and two enzymes of this type have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen (RbohH and RbohJ), playing important roles in pollen physiology. Besides, pollen from different species has shown distinct ROS production mechanism and patterns of distribution. In the olive reproductive tissues, a significant production of superoxide has been described. However, the enzymes responsible for such generation are unknown. Here, we have identified an Rboh-type gene (OeRbohH), mainly expressed in olive pollen. OeRbohH possesses a high degree of identity with RbohH and RbohJ from Arabidopsis, sharing most structural features and motifs. Immunohistochemistry experiments allowed us to localize OeRbohH throughout pollen ontogeny as well as during pollen tube elongation. Furthermore, the balanced activity of tip-localized OeRbohH during pollen tube growth has been shown to be important for normal pollen physiology. This was evidenced by the fact that overexpression caused abnormal phenotypes, whereas incubation with specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor or gene knockdown lead to impaired ROS production and subsequent inhibition of pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
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- 2019
13. Derepression of the cell cycle by starvation is involved in the induction of tobacco pollen embryogenesis
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Žárský, V., Garrido, D., Říhová, L., Tupý, J., Vicente, O., and Heberle-Bors, E.
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- 1992
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14. Section 2 - Photosynthesis and water relations
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Pospíšllová, J., Šantrůcek, J., Adamec, L., Brestič, M., Zima, M., Hojčuš, R., Hudecová, M., Čatský, J., Solárová, J., Eliáš, P., Eliáš, P., Navara, J., Huzulák, J., Matejka, F., Kubová, A., Navara, J., Masarovičová, E., Lux, A., Hudák, J., Mudry, P., Juracek, L., Pospíšilova, J., žárský, V., Štrbáňova, L., říhová, L., Tupý, J., Šantrůček, J., Hronková, M., Šimková, M., Šantrůcek, J., Roháček, K., Šiffel, P., Konečná, V., Baroja, M. E., ŠVihra, J., Vašková, M., Vedralová, M., Vicherková, M., řičánek, M., Zima, M., Brestlč, M., Hojčuš, R., Hudecově, M., and Zrůst, J.
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- 1992
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15. Production of fertile tobacco pollen from microspores in suspension culture and its storage for in situ pollination
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Tupý, J., Řihová, L., and Žárský, V.
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- 1991
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16. Higher flower bud formation in haploid tobacco is connected with higher peroxidase/IAA-oxidase activity, lower IAA content and ethylene production
- Author
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Žárský, V., Pavlová, Libuše, Eder, J., and Macháčková, Ivana
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- 1990
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17. Biochemical and Cytological Changes in Young Tobacco Pollen during in vitro Starvation in Relation to Pollen Embryogenesis
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ŽárskÝ, V., primary, Říhová, L., additional, and TupÝ, J., additional
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- 1990
- Full Text
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18. Plant cytokinesis: terminology for structures and processes
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Smertenko, A., Assaad, F., Baluska, F., Bezanilla, M., BUSCHMANN, H., Drakakaki, G., Hauser, M.T., Janson, M., Moore, I., MÜller, S., Murata, T., Otegui, M., Panteris, E., Rasmussen, G., Schmit, A.C., šamaj, J., Samuels, L., Staehelin, A., Van Damme, D., Wasteneys, G., žárský, V., Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
- Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2017
19. Ancient mitochondrial protein secretion
- Author
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HORVÁTHOVÁ L., ŽÁRSKÝ V., DERRELLE R., KRUPIČKOVÁ A., KLÁPŠŤOVÁ V., VOLEMAN L., PETRŮ M., ELIÁŠ M., PÁNEK T., ČEPIČKA I., HUYSMANS G., CHAMI M., FRANCETIC O., and DOLEŽAL P.
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- 2016
20. A missed anniversary: 300 years after Rudolf Jacob Camerarius' “De sexu plantarum epistola’
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Žárský, V. and Tupý, J.
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- 1995
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21. Kumar, A., Srivastava, A.K.: Advanced Topics in Molecular Biology
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Žárský, V.
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- 2003
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22. Chapman, K.E., Higgins, S.J. (Ed.): Regulation of Gene Expression
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Žárský, V.
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- 2002
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23. Raghavan, V.: Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants
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Žárský, V.
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- 1999
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24. Van Duijn, B., Wiltink, A. (ed.): Signal Transduction - Single Cell Techniques
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Žárský, V.
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- 1999
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25. Enzymes involved in oxygen metabolism in the olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen, and their contribution to allergy
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Jiménez-Quesada, María José, Zafra, Adoración, Potocký, M., Traverso, José A., Castro López, Antonio Jesús, Rodríguez García, María I., Žárský, V., Alché Ramírez, Juan de Dios, Pleskot, R., European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), and Czech Science Foundation
- Abstract
Resumen del póster presentado al IV Spanish and Portuguese Meeting on Free Radicals, celebrado en Valencia (España) del 5 al 7 de junio de 2012., Olive pollen is a major cause of allergy in Mediterranean countries. Numerous studies are devoted to the characterization of allergy-eliciting proteins from this allergenic source. However, recent research is focusing on the study of other non-allergenic protein and non-protein components modulating the allergic immune response. These molecules include pollen-associated lipid mediators, adenosine, proteases and oxidases, particularly NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) among others. The production of superoxide by NOX activity in various allergenic pollens has been recently described. NOX activity has been shown to induce oxidative stress in cultured airway epithelium, driving to allergic inflammation. We report here the presence, molecular characteristics and expression of a NOX enzyme in olive pollen. Moreover, we describe the presence, activity and cellular localization of a well characterized allergenic protein from olive pollen (Ole e 5) displaying relevant homology with Cu/Zn SODs from different species, and a Mn-SOD also from olive pollen. The incidence of Ole e 5 in type I hypersensitivity reactions to olive pollen has been reported to be 35%, whereas several Mn-SODs have also been identified as allergens in different species. In addition to their intrinsic allergenic properties, both enzymes may regulate the levels of NOX-generated superoxide, therefore modulating the inflammation response to this pollen. A model of the interactions occurring among these molecules themselves, their substrates/products and the immune system is proposed., This work was supported by by ERDF-cofunded projects BFU2011-22779, P2010-AGR6274, P2010-CVI5767 and P2011-CVI-7487, Czech Science Foundation grant GACR 522/09/P299 to M.P. and a research agreement CSIC (Spain)-AVCR (Czech Republic) Ref. 2010CZ0001. MJ Jiménez-Quesada and A Zafra thanks the CSIC for JAE grant funding.
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- 2012
26. Enzymes involved in oxygen metabolism in the olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen, and their contribution to allergy
- Author
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European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Czech Science Foundation, Jiménez-Quesada, María José, Zafra, Adoración, Potocký, M., Traverso, José A., Castro López, Antonio Jesús, Rodríguez García, María I., Žárský, V., Alché Ramírez, Juan de Dios, Pleskot, R., European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Czech Science Foundation, Jiménez-Quesada, María José, Zafra, Adoración, Potocký, M., Traverso, José A., Castro López, Antonio Jesús, Rodríguez García, María I., Žárský, V., Alché Ramírez, Juan de Dios, and Pleskot, R.
- Abstract
Olive pollen is a major cause of allergy in Mediterranean countries. Numerous studies are devoted to the characterization of allergy-eliciting proteins from this allergenic source. However, recent research is focusing on the study of other non-allergenic protein and non-protein components modulating the allergic immune response. These molecules include pollen-associated lipid mediators, adenosine, proteases and oxidases, particularly NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) among others. The production of superoxide by NOX activity in various allergenic pollens has been recently described. NOX activity has been shown to induce oxidative stress in cultured airway epithelium, driving to allergic inflammation. We report here the presence, molecular characteristics and expression of a NOX enzyme in olive pollen. Moreover, we describe the presence, activity and cellular localization of a well characterized allergenic protein from olive pollen (Ole e 5) displaying relevant homology with Cu/Zn SODs from different species, and a Mn-SOD also from olive pollen. The incidence of Ole e 5 in type I hypersensitivity reactions to olive pollen has been reported to be 35%, whereas several Mn-SODs have also been identified as allergens in different species. In addition to their intrinsic allergenic properties, both enzymes may regulate the levels of NOX-generated superoxide, therefore modulating the inflammation response to this pollen. A model of the interactions occurring among these molecules themselves, their substrates/products and the immune system is proposed.
- Published
- 2012
27. Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal Membrane Biogenesis in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas
- Author
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Genre, A., primary, Ivanov, S., additional, Fendrych, M., additional, Faccio, A., additional, Žárský, V., additional, Bisseling, T., additional, and Bonfante, P., additional
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase are involved in pollen tube growth
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Potocký, M., primary, Jones, M., additional, Bezvoda, R., additional, Smirnoff, N., additional, and Žárský, V., additional
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- 2007
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29. Book review
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Žárský, V., primary
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- 2005
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30. Book review
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Velemínský, J., Babůrek, I., and Žárský, V.
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- 1988
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31. Section 2 - Photosynthesis and water relations
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Pospíšilová, J., primary, Šantrůcek, J., additional, Adamec, L., additional, Brestič, M., additional, Zima, M., additional, Hojčuš, R., additional, Hudecová, M., additional, Čatský, J., additional, Solárová, J., additional, Eliáš, P., additional, Navara, J., additional, Huzulák, J., additional, Matejka, F., additional, Kubová, A., additional, Masarovičová, E., additional, Lux, A., additional, Hudák, J., additional, Mudry, P., additional, Juracek, L., additional, Žárský, V., additional, Štrbáňová, L., additional, Říhová, L., additional, Tupý, J., additional, Šantrůček, J., additional, Hronková, M., additional, Šimková, M., additional, Roháček, K., additional, Šiffel, P., additional, Konečná, V., additional, Baroja, M. E., additional, Švihra, J., additional, Vašková, M., additional, Vedralová, M., additional, Vicherková, M., additional, Řičánek, M., additional, and Zrůst, J., additional
- Published
- 1992
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32. New Books
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Žárský, V., Havlík, B., Häusler, J., Pechar, L., Komárková, J., Lhotský, O., Marvan, P., and Komárek, J.
- Abstract
Archibald, R. E. M. (1983): The Diatoms of the Sundays and Great Fish Rivers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. - Carmichael, W. W. (ed. ) (1981): The water environment. Algal toxins and health. - Environmental Science Research, Vol 20 - Gorlenko, V. M.; Dubinina, G. A. & Kuznetsov, S. I. (1983) : The ecology of aquatic micro-organisms. - Die Binnengewässer, Vol. XXVID - Rai, H. & Marker, A. F. H. (eds.) (1982): The measurement of photosynthetic pigments in freshwaters and standardization of methods. - Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih., Ergebnisse der Limnologie 16 - Rivera, R. P. (1983): A guide for references and distribution for the class Bacillariophyceae in Chile between 180 28' S and 580 S. - Bibliotheca Diatomologica (Hrsg. J. Cramer), Bd. 3 - Rivera, P.; Parra, O. O.; Gonzalez, M.; Dellarossa, V. & Orellana, M. (1982): Manual taxonomico dei fitoplancton de aguas continentales con especial referencia al fitoplancton de Chile . IV. - Bacillariophyceae - Tell, G. & Mosto, P. (1982) : Chlorophyceae, Chlorococcales . - In: Guarrera, S. A. et al. (eds.): Flora criptogamica de Tierra dei Fuego, 6/2 - van der Heide, J. (1982): Lake Brokopondo. Filling phase limnology of a manmade lake in the humid tropics.
- Published
- 1984
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33. Alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes fromNicotiana tabacuminclude ADH of bothN. sylvestrisandN. tomentosiformis
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Žárský, V., Chomátová, S., and Tupý, J.
- Abstract
Electrophoretic separation of seed alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) fromNicotiana tabacumon 12% starch gels at pH 7.8 produced only one band with an apparent Rfof 0.65, which confirmed earlier reports. The same was found with pollen ADH. However, in polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, seed ADH separated into three distinct bands with apparent pI of 5.33, 5.42 and 5.50. The pI 5.33 isoenzyme was found to be the essential form inN. sylvestrisseeds. The analysis of charge properties ofN. tomentosiformisseed ADH showed only one isoenzyme with pI of 5.56. These results present further evidence thatN. tabacumhas arisen from a cross between aN. sylvestrispredecessor and an ancestral type ofN. tomentosiformis. The presence of the pI 5.42 form inN. tabacumis consistent with the reported formation of heterodimeric ADH in tobacco hybrids.
- Published
- 1994
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34. Unconventional Transport Routes of Soluble and Membrane Proteins and Their Role in Developmental Biology
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Pompa, A, De Marchis, F, Pallotta, MT, Benitez-Alfonso, Y, Jones, A, Schipper, K, Moreau, K, Žárský, V, Di Sansebastiano, GP, and Bellucci, M
- Subjects
autophagy ,leaderless proteins ,trafficking mechanisms ,membrane proteins ,exosomes ,3. Good health ,animals ,developmental biology ,unconventional secretion ,protein secretion ,cell biology ,protein transport ,humans ,intercellular channels - Abstract
Many proteins and cargoes in eukaryotic cells are secreted through the conventional secretory pathway that brings proteins and membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, passing through various cell compartments, and then the extracellular space. The recent identification of an increasing number of leaderless secreted proteins bypassing the Golgi apparatus unveiled the existence of alternative protein secretion pathways. Moreover, other unconventional routes for secretion of soluble or transmembrane proteins with initial endoplasmic reticulum localization were identified. Furthermore, other proteins normally functioning in conventional membrane traffic or in the biogenesis of unique plant/fungi organelles or in plasmodesmata transport seem to be involved in unconventional secretory pathways. These alternative pathways are functionally related to biotic stress and development, and are becoming more and more important in cell biology studies in yeast, mammalian cells and in plants. The city of Lecce hosted specialists working on mammals, plants and microorganisms for the inaugural meeting on "Unconventional Protein and Membrane Traffic" (UPMT) during 4-7 October 2016. The main aim of the meeting was to include the highest number of topics, summarized in this report, related to the unconventional transport routes of protein and membranes.
35. Chitosan stimulates root hair callose deposition, endomembrane dynamics, and inhibits root hair growth.
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Drs M, Krupař P, Škrabálková E, Haluška S, Müller K, Potocká A, Brejšková L, Serrano N, Voxeur A, Vernhettes S, Ortmannová J, Caldarescu G, Fendrych M, Potocký M, Žárský V, and Pečenková T
- Abstract
Although angiosperm plants generally react to immunity elicitors like chitin or chitosan by the cell wall callose deposition, this response in particular cell types, especially upon chitosan treatment, is not fully understood. Here we show that the growing root hairs (RHs) of Arabidopsis can respond to a mild (0.001%) chitosan treatment by the callose deposition and by a deceleration of the RH growth. We demonstrate that the glucan synthase-like 5/PMR4 is vital for chitosan-induced callose deposition but not for RH growth inhibition. Upon the higher chitosan concentration (0.01%) treatment, RHs do not deposit callose, while growth inhibition is prominent. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the responses to two chitosan treatments, we analysed early Ca
2+ and defence-related signalling, gene expression, cell wall and RH cellular endomembrane modifications. Chitosan-induced callose deposition is also present in the several other plant species, including functionally analogous and evolutionarily only distantly related RH-like structures such as rhizoids of bryophytes. Our results point to the RH callose deposition as a conserved strategy of soil-anchoring plant cells to cope with mild biotic stress. However, high chitosan concentration prominently disturbs RH intracellular dynamics, tip-localised endomembrane compartments, growth and viability, precluding callose deposition., (© 2024 The Author(s). Plant, Cell & Environment published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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36. Formins, cell wall integrity, ROP guanine exchange factors, secretion regulators, and small secreted peptides in plant cell exocytosis and defence.
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Žárský V, Nielsen ME, and Blatt MR
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- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors metabolism, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors genetics, Plant Cells metabolism, Plants metabolism, Plant Immunity, Cell Wall metabolism, Exocytosis physiology, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics
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- 2024
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37. A hybrid TIM complex mediates protein import into hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis.
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Makki A, Kereïche S, Le T, Kučerová J, Rada P, Žárský V, Hrdý I, and Tachezy J
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- Protozoan Proteins metabolism, Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Mitochondria metabolism, Organelles metabolism, Trichomonas vaginalis metabolism, Protein Transport
- Abstract
Background: Hydrogenosomes are a specific type of mitochondria that have adapted for life under anaerobiosis. Limited availability of oxygen has resulted in the loss of the membrane-associated respiratory chain, and consequently in the generation of minimal inner membrane potential (Δψ), and inefficient ATP synthesis via substrate-level phosphorylation. The changes in energy metabolism are directly linked with the organelle biogenesis. In mitochondria, proteins are imported across the outer membrane via the Translocase of the Outer Membrane (TOM complex), while two Translocases of the Inner Membrane, TIM22, and TIM23, facilitate import to the inner membrane and matrix. TIM23-mediated steps are entirely dependent on Δψ and ATP hydrolysis, while TIM22 requires only Δψ. The character of the hydrogenosomal inner membrane translocase and the mechanism of translocation is currently unknown., Results: We report unprecedented modification of TIM in hydrogenosomes of the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis (TvTIM). We show that the import of the presequence-containing protein into the hydrogenosomal matrix is mediated by the hybrid TIM22-TIM23 complex that includes three highly divergent core components, TvTim22, TvTim23, and TvTim17-like proteins. The hybrid character of the TvTIM is underlined by the presence of both TvTim22 and TvTim17/23, association with small Tim chaperones (Tim9-10), which in mitochondria are known to facilitate the transfer of substrates to the TIM22 complex, and the coupling with TIM23-specific ATP-dependent presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM). Interactome reconstruction based on co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) and mass spectrometry revealed that hybrid TvTIM is formed with the compositional variations of paralogs. Single-particle electron microscopy for the 132-kDa purified TvTIM revealed the presence of a single ring of small Tims complex, while mitochondrial TIM22 complex bears twin small Tims hexamer. TvTIM is currently the only TIM visualized outside of Opisthokonta, which raised the question of which form is prevailing across eukaryotes. The tight association of the hybrid TvTIM with ADP/ATP carriers (AAC) suggests that AAC may directly supply ATP for the protein import since ATP synthesis is limited in hydrogenosomes., Conclusions: The hybrid TvTIM in hydrogenosomes represents an original structural solution that evolved for protein import when Δψ is negligible and remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation to an anaerobic lifestyle., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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38. Interplay of EXO70 and MLO proteins modulates trichome cell wall composition and susceptibility to powdery mildew.
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Huebbers JW, Caldarescu GA, Kubátová Z, Sabol P, Levecque SCJ, Kuhn H, Kulich I, Reinstädler A, Büttgen K, Manga-Robles A, Mélida H, Pauly M, Panstruga R, and Žárský V
- Subjects
- Trichomes genetics, Trichomes metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Cell Wall metabolism, Protein Isoforms genetics, Protein Isoforms metabolism, Plant Diseases microbiology, Disease Resistance genetics, Vesicular Transport Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism
- Abstract
Exocyst component of 70-kDa (EXO70) proteins are constituents of the exocyst complex implicated in vesicle tethering during exocytosis. MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (MLO) proteins are plant-specific calcium channels and some MLO isoforms enable fungal powdery mildew pathogenesis. We here detected an unexpected phenotypic overlap of Arabidopsis thaliana exo70H4 and mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant plants regarding the biogenesis of leaf trichome secondary cell walls. Biochemical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses corroborated deficiencies in the composition of trichome cell walls in these mutants. Transgenic lines expressing fluorophore-tagged EXO70H4 and MLO exhibited extensive colocalization of these proteins. Furthermore, mCherry-EXO70H4 mislocalized in trichomes of the mlo triple mutant and, vice versa, MLO6-GFP mislocalized in trichomes of the exo70H4 mutant. Expression of GFP-marked PMR4 callose synthase, a known cargo of EXO70H4-dependent exocytosis, revealed reduced cell wall delivery of GFP-PMR4 in trichomes of mlo triple mutant plants. In vivo protein-protein interaction assays in plant and yeast cells uncovered isoform-preferential interactions between EXO70.2 subfamily members and MLO proteins. Finally, exo70H4 and mlo6 mutants, when combined, showed synergistically enhanced resistance to powdery mildew attack. Taken together, our data point to an isoform-specific interplay of EXO70 and MLO proteins in the modulation of trichome cell wall biogenesis and powdery mildew susceptibility., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.)
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- 2024
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39. Silurian Climatic Zonation of Cryptospore, Trilete Spore and Plant Megafossils, with Emphasis on the Přídolí Epoch.
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Bek J, Steemans P, Frýda J, and Žárský V
- Abstract
This paper describes dispersed cryptospores and trilete spores from tropical, temperate and cool climate belts within Přídolí and compares them with the land plant megafossil record. The palynology of earlier intervals in the Silurian are also reviewed. A common feature of the cryptospore and trilete spore records is that their number is surprisingly lowest in the tropical climatic belt and much higher in the temperate and especially in the cool latitude, and the highest number of cryptospore taxa occurring only in one belt is found in the cool belt while the highest number of trilete spore taxa that occurred only in one belt is recorded in the temperate belt. In general, based on the dispersed spore record, we can estimate that the plant assemblages of the tropical belt were dominated by rhyniophytes; trimerophytes probably prevailed over rhyniophytes in the temperate belt, and rhyniophytes again dominated within the cool belt.
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- 2024
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40. Plant cell polarity: The many facets of sidedness.
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Dong J, Van Norman J, Žárský V, and Zhang Y
- Subjects
- Cell Polarity, Plant Cells
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
- Published
- 2023
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41. Contrasting outcomes of genome reduction in mikrocytids and microsporidians.
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Žárský V, Karnkowska A, Boscaro V, Trznadel M, Whelan TA, Hiltunen-Thorén M, Onut-Brännström I, Abbott CL, Fast NM, Burki F, and Keeling PJ
- Subjects
- Phylogeny, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Introns, Eukaryota genetics, Microsporidia genetics
- Abstract
Background: Intracellular symbionts often undergo genome reduction, losing both coding and non-coding DNA in a process that ultimately produces small, gene-dense genomes with few genes. Among eukaryotes, an extreme example is found in microsporidians, which are anaerobic, obligate intracellular parasites related to fungi that have the smallest nuclear genomes known (except for the relic nucleomorphs of some secondary plastids). Mikrocytids are superficially similar to microsporidians: they are also small, reduced, obligate parasites; however, as they belong to a very different branch of the tree of eukaryotes, the rhizarians, such similarities must have evolved in parallel. Since little genomic data are available from mikrocytids, we assembled a draft genome of the type species, Mikrocytos mackini, and compared the genomic architecture and content of microsporidians and mikrocytids to identify common characteristics of reduction and possible convergent evolution., Results: At the coarsest level, the genome of M. mackini does not exhibit signs of extreme genome reduction; at 49.7 Mbp with 14,372 genes, the assembly is much larger and gene-rich than those of microsporidians. However, much of the genomic sequence and most (8075) of the protein-coding genes code for transposons, and may not contribute much of functional relevance to the parasite. Indeed, the energy and carbon metabolism of M. mackini share several similarities with those of microsporidians. Overall, the predicted proteome involved in cellular functions is quite reduced and gene sequences are extremely divergent. Microsporidians and mikrocytids also share highly reduced spliceosomes that have retained a strikingly similar subset of proteins despite having reduced independently. In contrast, the spliceosomal introns in mikrocytids are very different from those of microsporidians in that they are numerous, conserved in sequence, and constrained to an exceptionally narrow size range (all 16 or 17 nucleotides long) at the shortest extreme of known intron lengths., Conclusions: Nuclear genome reduction has taken place many times and has proceeded along different routes in different lineages. Mikrocytids show a mix of similarities and differences with other extreme cases, including uncoupling the actual size of a genome with its functional reduction., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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42. Exocyst functions in plants: secretion and autophagy.
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Žárský V
- Subjects
- Animals, Autophagy, Cell Membrane metabolism, Plants genetics, Plants metabolism, Exocytosis physiology, Vesicular Transport Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Tethering complexes mediate vesicle-target compartment contact. Octameric complex exocyst initiate vesicle exocytosis at specific cytoplasmic membrane domains. Plant exocyst is possibly stabilized at the membrane by a direct interaction between SEC3 and EXO70A. Land plants evolved three basic membrane-targeting EXO70 subfamilies, the evolution of which resulted in several types of exocyst with distinct functions within the same cell. Surprisingly, some of these EXO70-exocyst versions are implicated in autophagy, as is animal exocyst, and are involved in host defense, cell wall fortification and transport of secondary metabolites. Interestingly, EXO70Ds act as selective autophagy receptors in the regulation of cytokinin signaling pathway. Secretion of double membrane autophagy-related structures formed with the contribution of EXO70s to the apoplast suggests the possibility of secretory autophagy in plants., (© 2022 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)
- Published
- 2022
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43. Diversification of SEC15a and SEC15b isoforms of an exocyst subunit in seed plants is manifested in their specific roles in Arabidopsis sporophyte and male gametophyte.
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Batystová K, Synek L, Klejchová M, Janková Drdová E, Sabol P, Potocký M, Žárský V, and Hála M
- Subjects
- Pollen metabolism, Pollen Tube genetics, Pollen Tube metabolism, Protein Isoforms genetics, Protein Isoforms metabolism, Seeds genetics, Seeds metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
The exocyst complex is an octameric evolutionarily conserved tethering complex engaged in the regulation of polarized secretion in eukaryotic cells. Here, we focus on the systematic comparison of two isoforms of the SEC15 exocyst subunit, SEC15a and SEC15b. We infer that SEC15 gene duplication and diversification occurred in the common ancestor of seed plants (Spermatophytes). In Arabidopsis, SEC15a represents the main SEC15 isoform in the male gametophyte, and localizes to the pollen tube tip at the plasma membrane. Although pollen tubes of sec15a mutants are impaired, sporophytes show no phenotypic deviations. Conversely, SEC15b is the dominant isoform in the sporophyte and localizes to the plasma membrane in root and leaf cells. Loss-of-function sec15b mutants exhibit retarded elongation of hypocotyls and root hairs, a loss of apical dominance, dwarfed plant stature and reduced seed coat mucilage formation. Surprisingly, the sec15b mutants also exhibit compromised pollen tube elongation in vitro, despite its very low expression in pollen, suggesting a non-redundant role for the SEC15b isoform there. In pollen tubes, SEC15b localizes to distinct cytoplasmic structures. Reciprocally to this, SEC15a also functions in the sporophyte, where it accumulates at plasmodesmata. Importantly, although overexpressed SEC15a could fully complement the sec15b phenotypic deviations in the sporophyte, the pollen-specific overexpression of SEC15b was unable to fully compensate for the loss of SEC15a function in pollen. We conclude that the SEC15a and SEC15b isoforms evolved in seed plants, with SEC15a functioning mostly in pollen and SEC15b functioning mostly in the sporophyte., (© 2022 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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44. Immunity functions of Arabidopsis pathogenesis-related 1 are coupled but not confined to its C-terminus processing and trafficking.
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Pečenková T, Pejchar P, Moravec T, Drs M, Haluška S, Šantrůček J, Potocká A, Žárský V, and Potocký M
- Subjects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Immunity genetics, Stress, Physiological, Nicotiana genetics, Nicotiana metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
The pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) proteins are members of the cross-kingdom conserved CAP superfamily (from Cysteine-rich secretory protein, Antigen 5, and PR1 proteins). PR1 mRNA expression is frequently used for biotic stress monitoring in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms of its cellular processing, localization, and function are still unknown. To analyse the localization and immunity features of Arabidopsis thaliana PR1, we employed transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of the tagged full-length PR1 construct, and also disrupted variants with C-terminal truncations or mutations. We found that en route from the endoplasmic reticulum, the PR1 protein transits via the multivesicular body and undergoes partial proteolytic processing, dependent on an intact C-terminal motif. Importantly, only nonmutated or processing-mimicking variants of PR1 are secreted to the apoplast. The C-terminal proteolytic cleavage releases a protein fragment that acts as a modulator of plant defence responses, including localized cell death control. However, other parts of PR1 also have immunity potential unrelated to cell death. The described modes of the PR1 contribution to immunity were found to be tissue-localized and host plant ontogenesis dependent., (© 2022 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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45. Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle - The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split.
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Žárský J, Žárský V, Hanáček M, and Žárský V
- Abstract
For tens of millions of years (Ma), the terrestrial habitats of Snowball Earth during the Cryogenian period (between 720 and 635 Ma before present-Neoproterozoic Era) were possibly dominated by global snow and ice cover up to the equatorial sublimative desert. The most recent time-calibrated phylogenies calibrated not only on plants but on a comprehensive set of eukaryotes indicate that within the Streptophyta, multicellular charophytes (Phragmoplastophyta) evolved in the Mesoproterozoic to the early Neoproterozoic. At the same time, Cryogenian is the time of the likely origin of the common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and Embryophyta and later, also of the Zygnematophyceae-Embryophyta split. This common ancestor is proposed to be called Anydrophyta; here, we use anydrophytes. Based on the combination of published phylogenomic studies and estimated diversification time comparisons, we deem it highly likely that anydrophytes evolved in response to Cryogenian cooling. Also, later in the Cryogenian, secondary simplification of multicellular anydrophytes and loss of flagella resulted in Zygnematophyceae diversification as an adaptation to the extended cold glacial environment. We propose that the Marinoan geochemically documented expansion of first terrestrial flora has been represented not only by Chlorophyta but also by Streptophyta, including the anydrophytes, and later by Zygnematophyceae, thriving on glacial surfaces until today. It is possible that multicellular early Embryophyta survived in less abundant (possibly relatively warmer) refugia, relying more on mineral substrates, allowing the retention of flagella-based sexuality. The loss of flagella and sexual reproduction by conjugation evolved in Zygnematophyceae and zygomycetous fungi during the Cryogenian in a remarkably convergent way. Thus, we support the concept that the important basal cellular adaptations to terrestrial environments were exapted in streptophyte algae for terrestrialization and propose that this was stimulated by the adaptation to glacial habitats dominating the Cryogenian Snowball Earth. Including the glacial lifestyle when considering the rise of land plants increases the parsimony of connecting different ecological, phylogenetic, and physiological puzzles of the journey from aquatic algae to terrestrial floras., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Žárský, Žárský, Hanáček and Žárský.)
- Published
- 2022
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46. Arabidopsis EXO70B2 exocyst subunit contributes to papillae and encasement formation in antifungal defence.
- Author
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Ortmannová J, Sekereš J, Kulich I, Šantrůček J, Dobrev P, Žárský V, and Pečenková T
- Subjects
- Cell Wall metabolism, Qa-SNARE Proteins genetics, Qa-SNARE Proteins metabolism, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
In the reaction to non-adapted Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermal cells deposit cell wall reinforcements called papillae or seal fungal haustoria in encasements, both of which involve intensive exocytosis. A plant syntaxin, SYP121/PEN1, has been found to be of key importance for the timely formation of papillae, and the vesicle tethering complex exocyst subunit EXO70B2 has been found to contribute to their morphology. Here, we identify a specific role for the EXO70B2-containing exocyst complex in the papillae membrane domains important for callose deposition and GFP-SYP121 delivery to the focal attack sites, as well as its contribution to encasement formation. The mRuby2-EXO70B2 co-localizes with the exocyst core subunit SEC6 and GFP-SYP121 in the membrane domain of papillae, and EXO70B2 and SYP121 proteins have the capacity to directly interact. The exo70B2/syp121 double mutant produces a reduced number of papillae and haustorial encasements in response to Bgh, indicating an additive role of the exocyst in SYP121-coordinated non-host resistance. In summary, we report cooperation between the plant exocyst and a SNARE protein in penetration resistance against non-adapted fungal pathogens., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
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47. Proteomic Analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis Phagolysosome, Lysosomal Targeting, and Unconventional Secretion of Cysteine Peptidases.
- Author
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Zimmann N, Rada P, Žárský V, Smutná T, Záhonová K, Dacks J, Harant K, Hrdý I, and Tachezy J
- Subjects
- Cysteine metabolism, Humans, Lysosomes metabolism, Peptide Hydrolases metabolism, Phagosomes metabolism, Proteomics, Cysteine Proteases metabolism, Trichomonas vaginalis metabolism
- Abstract
The lysosome represents a central degradative compartment of eukaryote cells, yet little is known about the biogenesis and function of this organelle in parasitic protists. Whereas the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P)-dependent system is dominant for lysosomal targeting in metazoans, oligosaccharide-independent sorting has been reported in other eukaryotes. In this study, we investigated the phagolysosomal proteome of the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, its protein targeting and the involvement of lysosomes in hydrolase secretion. The organelles were purified using Percoll and OptiPrep gradient centrifugation and a novel purification protocol based on the phagocytosis of lactoferrin-covered magnetic nanoparticles. The analysis resulted in a lysosomal proteome of 462 proteins, which were sorted into 21 classes. Hydrolases represented the largest functional class and included proteases, lipases, phosphatases, and glycosidases. Identification of a large set of proteins involved in vesicular trafficking (80) and turnover of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement (29) indicate a dynamic phagolysosomal compartment. Several cysteine proteases such as TvCP2 were previously shown to be secreted. Our experiments showed that secretion of TvCP2 was strongly inhibited by chloroquine, which increases intralysosomal pH, thus indicating that TvCP2 secretion occurs through lysosomes rather than the classical secretory pathway. Unexpectedly, we identified divergent homologues of the M6P receptor TvMPR in the phagolysosomal proteome, although T. vaginalis lacks enzymes for M6P formation. To test whether oligosaccharides are involved in lysosomal targeting, we selected the lysosome-resident cysteine protease CLCP, which possesses two glycosylation sites. Mutation of any of the sites redirected CLCP to the secretory pathway. Similarly, the introduction of glycosylation sites to secreted β-amylase redirected this protein to lysosomes. Thus, unlike other parasitic protists, T. vaginalis seems to utilize glycosylation as a recognition marker for lysosomal hydrolases. Our findings provide the first insight into the complexity of T. vaginalis phagolysosomes, their biogenesis, and role in the unconventional secretion of cysteine peptidases., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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48. Anaerobic peroxisomes in Entamoeba histolytica metabolize myo-inositol.
- Author
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Verner Z, Žárský V, Le T, Narayanasamy RK, Rada P, Rozbeský D, Makki A, Belišová D, Hrdý I, Vancová M, Lender C, König C, Bruchhaus I, and Tachezy J
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Peroxins metabolism, Phylogeny, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Entamoeba histolytica metabolism, Inositol metabolism, Mutation, Peroxisomal Targeting Signals, Peroxisomes metabolism, Protozoan Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is believed to be devoid of peroxisomes, like most anaerobic protists. In this work, we provided the first evidence that peroxisomes are present in E. histolytica, although only seven proteins responsible for peroxisome biogenesis (peroxins) were identified (Pex1, Pex6, Pex5, Pex11, Pex14, Pex16, and Pex19). Targeting matrix proteins to peroxisomes is reduced to the PTS1-dependent pathway mediated via the soluble Pex5 receptor, while the PTS2 receptor Pex7 is absent. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that peroxisomal markers (Pex5, Pex14, Pex16, Pex19) are present in vesicles distinct from mitosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the endosome/phagosome system, except Pex11, which has dual localization in peroxisomes and mitosomes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Pex14 localized to vesicles of approximately 90-100 nm in diameter. Proteomic analyses of affinity-purified peroxisomes and in silico PTS1 predictions provided datasets of 655 and 56 peroxisomal candidates, respectively; however, only six proteins were shared by both datasets, including myo-inositol dehydrogenase (myo-IDH). Peroxisomal NAD-dependent myo-IDH appeared to be a dimeric enzyme with high affinity to myo-inositol (Km 0.044 mM) and can utilize also scyllo-inositol, D-glucose and D-xylose as substrates. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that orthologs of myo-IDH with PTS1 are present in E. dispar, E. nutalli and E. moshkovskii but not in E. invadens, and form a monophyletic clade of mostly peroxisomal orthologs with free-living Mastigamoeba balamuthi and Pelomyxa schiedti. The presence of peroxisomes in E. histolytica and other archamoebae breaks the paradigm of peroxisome absence in anaerobes and provides a new potential target for the development of antiparasitic drugs., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Plasma membrane phospholipid signature recruits the plant exocyst complex via the EXO70A1 subunit.
- Author
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Synek L, Pleskot R, Sekereš J, Serrano N, Vukašinović N, Ortmannová J, Klejchová M, Pejchar P, Batystová K, Gutkowska M, Janková-Drdová E, Marković V, Pečenková T, Šantrůček J, Žárský V, and Potocký M
- Subjects
- Cell Membrane metabolism, Cell Polarity, Cytoplasm metabolism, Exocytosis, Proteomics methods, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Phospholipids metabolism
- Abstract
Polarized exocytosis is essential for many vital processes in eukaryotic cells, where secretory vesicles are targeted to distinct plasma membrane domains characterized by their specific lipid-protein composition. Heterooctameric protein complex exocyst facilitates the vesicle tethering to a target membrane and is a principal cell polarity regulator in eukaryotes. The architecture and molecular details of plant exocyst and its membrane recruitment have remained elusive. Here, we show that the plant exocyst consists of two modules formed by SEC3-SEC5-SEC6-SEC8 and SEC10-SEC15-EXO70-EXO84 subunits, respectively, documenting the evolutionarily conserved architecture within eukaryotes. In contrast to yeast and mammals, the two modules are linked by a plant-specific SEC3-EXO70 interaction, and plant EXO70 functionally dominates over SEC3 in the exocyst recruitment to the plasma membrane. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we found that the C-terminal part of EXO70A1, the canonical EXO70 isoform in Arabidopsis , is critical for this process. In contrast to yeast and animal cells, the EXO70A1 interaction with the plasma membrane is mediated by multiple anionic phospholipids uniquely contributing to the plant plasma membrane identity. We identified several evolutionary conserved EXO70 lysine residues and experimentally proved their importance for the EXO70A1-phospholipid interactions. Collectively, our work has uncovered plant-specific features of the exocyst complex and emphasized the importance of the specific protein-lipid code for the recruitment of peripheral membrane proteins., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes.
- Author
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Pšenička J, Bek J, Frýda J, Žárský V, Uhlířová M, and Štorch P
- Abstract
The most ancient macroscopic plants fossils are Early Silurian cooksonioid sporophytes from the volcanic islands of the peri-Gondwanan palaeoregion (the Barrandian area, Prague Basin, Czech Republic). However, available palynological, phylogenetic and geological evidence indicates that the history of plant terrestrialization is much longer and it is recently accepted that land floras, producing different types of spores, already were established in the Ordovician Period. Here we attempt to correlate Silurian floral development with environmental dynamics based on our data from the Prague Basin, but also to compile known data on a global scale. Spore-assemblage analysis clearly indicates a significant and almost exponential expansion of trilete-spore producing plants starting during the Wenlock Epoch, while cryptospore-producers, which dominated until the Telychian Age, were evolutionarily stagnate. Interestingly cryptospore vs. trilete-spore producers seem to react differentially to Silurian glaciations-trilete-spore producing plants react more sensitively to glacial cooling, showing a reduction in species numbers. Both our own and compiled data indicate highly terrestrialized, advanced Silurian land-plant assemblage/flora types with obviously great ability to resist different dry-land stress conditions. As previously suggested some authors, they seem to evolve on different palaeo continents into quite disjunct specific plant assemblages, certainly reflecting the different geological, geographical and climatic conditions to which they were subject.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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