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The effects of different silica and elastomeric content on morphology, interfacial properties, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/silica 96/4 composites modified with 5, 10, 15, and 20 vol% of poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) SEBS and SEBS grafted with maleic acid (SEBS-g-MA) were investigated. Four silica fillers differing in size (nano- vs. micro-) and in surface properties (untreated vs. treated) were chosen as fillers. Elastomers SEBS and SEBS-g-MA were added as impact modifier and compatibilizer at the same time. The morphology of binary blends and ternary polymer composites was studied by different microscopy techniques. While in binary iPP/SEBS(-g-MA) blends prevails typical two phase morphology with iPP as matrix, the ternary composites revealed the wide spectrum of morphologies rather than one exclusive, depended primarily on interfacial properties. [1, 2] Both iPP/silica/SEBS(-g-MA) composites preferred compartmentalized morphology (as the variety of core-shell m.) with hydrophilic silica while with hydrophobic silica there is a wide spectrum of different morphologies. The spherulitic morphology of polypropylene matrix in iPP/silica/SEBS(-g-MA) composites was abrupt with the addition of silica and the final morphology was a result of two competitive effects: nucleation effect of filler and solidification effect of elastomer. Tensile and impact strength properties were mainly influenced by combined competitive effects of stiff filler and tough SEBS(-g-MA) elastomer. Both elastomers showed great impact modifying properties

The morphology of iPP/SiO2 96/4 composites modified with metallocene propylene-based copolymers m-EPR has been studied with optical and scanning electron microscopy while mechanical properties were investigated with tensile and impact measurements. The addition of four silica fillers differed in size (micro vs. nanosilica) and surface properties (hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic, e.g. polar vs. non-polar) enabled the comparison of different effects of filler (e.g. nucleation effect investigated with differential scanning calorimetry) on polymer matrix. Two elastomeric m-EPR1 and m-EPR2 polypropylene-based copolymers with different viscosity were added as impact modifiers and compatibilizers in range 0-20 vol% per hundred composite parts of iPP/SiO2 96/4 composites. Silica fillers and m-EPR elastomers affect the spherulite growth in the iPP matrix by two opposite, competetive effects: nucleation effect of filler and solidification effect of elastomer. Final morphology of ternary polymer composites is the result of filler and elastomers influence on polymer matrix but also the result of their mutual interactions and interactions with the matrix [1]. The addition of all silica grades affected crystallization and decreased the spherulite size in the iPP matrix as well as transformed well-developed spherulitic morphology to the morphology with irregular spherulitic grains. Although filler particle size played important role in spherulite growth, surface modification of considered silica fillers exhibited stronger influence on spherulite size than size of silica particles. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) investigations of binary iPP/SiO2 composites [2] showed that silica fillers with active polar surfaces (like S-120 and A-200 fillers with hydroxyl groups and A-R7200 with methacryl groups) have strong nucleation ability. Increased crystallization temperatures Tc and decreased supercooling effect ΔT = Tm - Tc are related to stronger nucleating effect of filler. Accordingly, nucleation ability of non-polar microsilica S-D17 is supposed to be lower due to better miscibility/compatibility of nonpolar S-D17 surfaces with iPP chains than silicas with polar surfaces. Analogous supercooling behavior was also observed in ternary iPP/SiO2/m-EPR composites what implies negligible effect of m-EPR elastomer on crystallization temperature Tc. This fact could be explained by prevailing of separated morphology of the iPP/SiO2/m-EPR composites observed by scanning electron microscopy (in which dispersed filler particles exhibited undisturbed nucleation ability despite of 20 vol% added m-EPR elastomers). The optical microscopy results showed that in ternary polymer composites solidification effect of both m-EPR elastomers did not overcome the nucleation effect of silica filler like in our previous investigation with styrenic-block copolymers [3, 4]. The spherulites in iPP/SiO2/m-EPR composites with microsilica S-120 and nanosilica A-200 are irregular with diffuse boundaries and grain-like morphology. Scanning electron microscopy revealed mainly separated morphology with rather rare interaction between dispersed filler and elastomers particles in these composites. This fact indicated better interaction between the propylene-based m-EPR copolymer and polypropylene matrix than m-EPR copolymers with silica fillers. The composites iPP/SiO2/m-EPR with treated surfaces (microsilica S-D17 and nanosilica A-R7200) formed combined morphology consisting of separated and multiple inclusion morphology observed in SEM micrographs. The m-EPR elastomers exhibited stronger recovering effect in spherulite grow (observed by polarizing optical microscopy) in these composites due to lesser nucleation effect of treated silica particles. Accordingly, solidification effect of both elastomers (especially m-EPR2 with lower viscosity) partly prevailed the nucleation effect of silicas with treated surfaces (microsilica S-D17 and nanosilica A-R7200). Tensile properties investigation of iPP/SiO2 composites modified with m-EPR elastomer showed that Young's modulus steadily rised with increased filler content due to reinforcing effect of filler [2, 5] while the addition of m-EPR elastomers to the iPP/SiO2 composite reduced composite stiffness. The addition of m-EPR elastomers to the iPP/SiO2 composites caused general decrease of tensile strength at break σb values. Ternary composites with treated filler S-D17 exhibit somewhat lower σb values than those ones with other fillers, probably as a result of the weakest nucleation ability and consequently larger spherulites. The m-EPR elastomers, especially m-EPR1 with longer macromolecules, improved significantly impact properties of all iPP/SiO2/m-EPR composites. The morphology with small spherulites or irregular grains in composites with hydrophilic silica fillers (S-120 and A-200) which exhibit strong nucleability seems to affect impact properties additionally. Presented results confirmed improved toughening of the iPP/SiO2 composites by m-EPR elastomers as very good impact modifiers but also indicated that the role of m-EPR as compatibilizers is not truly fulfilled is this composites like expected and predicted.

Binary iPP/silica composites with silica contents 0-8 vol% were prepared by melt compounding. The effects of particle size (micro- vs. nanosilica) and surface modification (untreated vs. treated surface) of various silica grades on structural characteristics of composites were studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical and scanning electron microscopy. Microsilica particles and aggregates of nanosilica particles that were homogeneously incorporated into the iPP matrix, influenced phase structure and final supermolecular structure of the iPP/silica composites. The most significant effect was observed in spherulitic morphology of the iPP matrix due to nucleation ability of silica fillers and restrained crystallization (spherulitization). Nanosilica particles and their agglomerates are more cohesively connected to the iPP matrix than microparticles. WAXD revealed that silica particles act as -nucleants and partly as -nucleants, whereas their influence on the orientation of -crystallites was negligible. Moreover, due to the nucleation and steric hindrance effects the particles of all silica grades progressively disturbed and transformed well-developed spherulitic morphology of iPP matrix to gross morphology with dark branched iPP grains. No indication of interactions between silica particles of any grade was observed in FTIR spectra. DSC thermograms showed that the composites containing silica particles with polar surfaces exhibited less supercooling and stronger nucleation effect. The supercooling effect of hydrophylic nanosilica was somewhat higher than of hydrophylic microsilica. FTIR spectra of those samples indicate that this effect may be due to lower concentration of hydroxyl group in nanosilica than in microsilica. Two important effects on the spherulitization of the iPP matrix should be emphasized. Firstly, spherical silica fillers disturb spherulitization of the iPP matrix to lesser extent than previously studied anisotropic silicate fillers like talc and wollastonite. Secondly, the differences in the spherulite size between composites containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica fillers (with treated and untreated surfaces) are greater than between composites with microsilica and nanosilica fillers. The spherulites were more affected by the character of silica particle surfaces (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic surface) than by the size of filler particles. This fact indicates that, at least for isotropic particles, the surface character of filler particles and strength of cohesion to polymer matrix may be more influential than the difference in particles size.

Incorporation of fillers in polymer matrix is a rather simple way to produce new polymer material with tailored properties. The effects of sillica and wollastonite fillers on the morphology, orientation and mechanical properties of binary polypropylene (PP) composites were studied with optical and electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile and impact strength measurements. Optical microscopy and SEM revealed the formation of well homogenized binary composites with wollastonite and sillica homogeneously dispersed in PP matrix. Small amounts of both of fillers incorporated in the PP matrix decreased the spherulite size by nucleation effect. Higher disturbance of spherulitic morphology with increasing amounts of acicular wollastonite than spherical sillica particles indicated the additional steric hindrance effect of particles. Moreover, PP matrix with hydrophobic silica particles exhibited better spherulitization than this one with hydrophilic silica particles. Incorporated needle-like wollastonite particles were orientated plane-parallel to the sample surface, while microsilica particles with nearly spherical shapes reasonable did not exhibit orientation effect. Mechanical properties of the PP composites were significantly influenced by incorporation of silica and wollastonite fillers. Whereas Young's modulus increased, elongation at yield and break, tensile strength at yield and impact strength decreased in both composite systems. Significant difference in mechanical behavior of these two composite systems was observed in tensile strength at break, where break value decreased with incorporation of wollastonite, while it increased with incorporation of silica. There was a slight difference in tensile strength at break between composites with hydrophylic and hydrophobic silica particles. It seems that the difference beetween different surface treatment has more profound effect on morphology and mechanical properties of silica composites. It could be concluded that changes in supermolecular structure of binary PP/sillica and PP/wollastonite composites had strong influence on mechanical properties of those composites.

Morphology-property relationships of the ternary nanocomposites isotactic polypropylene/silica/polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (iPP/SiO2/PP-g-MA) were compared with those of corresponding binary iPP/SiO2 nanocomposites. The samples of the nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in the Brabender kneading chamber followed by compression moulding and characterised by torque rheometry, tensile measurements, measurements of impact strength and scanning electron microscopy. The role of untreated and treated SiO2 as well as PP-g-MA on processability, mechanical and morphological properties is discussed, and their combined effects were examined at certain composition ranges.

Razvoj polimernih nanokompozitov predstavlja pomemben inovacijski potencial pri načrtovanju polimernih materialov z izboljšanimi lastnostmi. Kljub izjemnim prednostim polipropilena (PP), predvsem izotaktičnega PP (iPP), je v razvoju novih polimernih materialov še vedno velika pozornost namenjena njegovim modifikacijam z različnimi polnili. V zadnejm obdobju so se raziskave iPP mikrokompozitov razširile še na študij iPP nanokompozitov, ki so odličen substitut za osnovne polimerne materiale in polimerne mikrokompozite. Preučevali smo binarne - iPP/silika in ternarne - iPP/silika/PP-g-MA nanokompozite. Vzorce smo pripravili v talini v Brabenderjevem sistemu in s stiskanjem v plošče na laboratorijski stiskalnici. V ta namen smo uporabili komercialno dosegljiva tipa nanosilike, ki se med seboj razlikujeta po površinski obdelavi in specifični površini. Vzorce smo karakterizirali s preučevanjem predelovalnih lastnosti s torzijsko reometrijo, preučevanjem mehanskih lastnosti z merjenjem nateznih lastnosti in zarezne udarne žilavosti ter trdote po Shoru D, morfologijo pa smo opredelili z vrstično elektronsko mikroskopijo. Rezultati raziskav so pokazali, da s površinsko obdelavo silike dosežemo večjo hidrofobnost površine polnila in s tem boljšo kompatibilnost z nepolarnim iPP. Z dodajanjem kompatibilizatorja PP-g-MA smo dosegli izboljšanje predelovalnih lastnosti. Nanodelci silike niso individualno dispergirani v polimerni matriki, temveč bolj ali manj kot aglomerati. Stopnja aglomeracije je odvisna od količine dodane nanosilike, kot tudi od njenega hidrofilnega ali hidrofobnega značaja. Najustreznejši profil mehanskih lastnosti binarnih iPP/silika nanokompozitov je bil ugotovljen pri uporabljenih 2 vol. % polnila. Pri ternarnih iPP/silika/PP-g-MA nanokompozitih smo ugotovili, da je za doseganje ustreznega profila mehanskih lastnosti potrebno v primeru dodatka hidrofilnega polnila uporabiti več PP-g-MA. Pri hkratnem dodajanju silike in kompatibilizatorja je glede togosti ugotovljen sinergijski učinek (večje vrednosti Youngovega modula kot pri ustreznih binarnih kompozitih), medtem ko se žilavost lažje uravnava in dosega višje vrednosti pri uporabi obdelanega polnila

Structure/mechanical properties relationship of polypropylene compression molded blends with novel polypropylene copolymers (EPR) were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and by tensile and impact strength measurements. Supermolecular structure and mechanical properties were investigated in dependence on EPR type and content.

Blending of polymers or compounding with different fillers is a rather simple way to produce new polymeric materials with desired properties. While the incorporation of fillers usually enhances the stiffness and decreases the toughness, the addition of elastomers has quite opposite effect. The control of the dispersibility and phase morphology of ternary polymer/filler/elastomer composites is the most important for optimization the mechanical properties. According to this aim the influence of different metallocene propylene based copolymers as elastomers in the polypropylene/wollastonite/elastomer composites on the morphology and structure as well as their mechanical properties was investigated.

Izotaktni se polipropilen (iPP) često modificira različitim punilima kako bi se poboljšala svojstva kompozita koji imaju širok spektar primjene. Odnos struktura-svojstva u iPP/silika kompozitima, bitan za modeliranje željenih svojstava kompozita, istraživan je optičkom i elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM), rendgenskom dikfrakcijom (WAXD) te mjerenjem mehaničkih svojstava. Kompoziti polipropilena ojačani silikom pripremljeni su prešanjem taline u volumnom omjeru iPP/silica 92/8. Uspoređivan je utjecaj različitih vrsta silike, veličine čestica (mikrosilike i nanosilike) te obrađenosti površine silike (neobrađene ili hidrofilne i obrađene ili hidrofobne silike) na strukturu, faznu morfologiju, te na rastezna mehanička svojstva binarnih iPP/silika kompozita. Dodavanjem silika u polipropilensku matricu smanjuje se veličinu sferulita, ali se i dalje odražava jednolična morfologija polipropilenske matrice sa sferulitima ili sastavnim zrnima. Opažena je razvijenija sferulitna morfologija u kompozitima s hidrofobnom nego hidrofilnom silikom. Mikrografije pokazuju homogenost polipropilenskih kompozita bez neke posebne aglomeracije čestica punila u kompozitima s mikrosilikom i hidrofobnom nanosilikom. Dok su udarna žilavost i rastezne značajke na granici plastičnosti slične za sve uzorke, opažena je razlika u rasteznim svojstvima pri lomu među kompozitima s hidrofilnom i hidrofobnom silikom. Rezultati pokazuju da razlika u obradi površine punila (neobrađene ili hidrofilne i obrađene ili hidrofobne silike) jače utječe na faznu morfologiju i mehanička svojstva iPP/silika kompozita nego razlika u veličini punila (mikrosilike i nanosilike). Čini se da hidrofobna mikro- i nanosilika omogućuje bolju sferulitizaciju polipropilenske matrice pospješujući istezanje i smanjujući lomnu čvrstoću.

Supermolecular structure and mechanical properties of the silica-reinforced polypropylene compression molded composites were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as by tensile and impact strength measurements. The structure-properties relationship of composites, crucial for tailoring of end-use composite properties, were studied in dependence on iPP/silica volume content ratios, different silica grades, particle size (nanosilica vs. microsilica) and surface treatment (hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic silica).

Pri vgrajevanju polnil, še posebej anorganskih, v polimerno matriko prihaja do njenih strukturnih sprememb, kar se kaže v spremenjenih lastnostih polimernih kompozitov. Posamezni vplivi se razlikujejo od sistema do sistema. Dodatek polnila vpliva kemijsko in fizikalno na polimerno matriko. Do kemijskih sprememb pride, če polnilo ali nečistoče na njegovi površini povzročijo degradacijo polimera. Nekatera polnila nukleirajo rast kristalitov v določenih polimerih, kar vpliva na njihove proizvodne in mehanske lastnosti. V literaturi le redko zasledimo, da dodatek polnila spremeni strukturo polimerne matrike. Kljub temu moramo pri načrtovanju polimernih kompozitov upoštevati, da prihaja ob dodatku polnil do sprememb v polimerni matriki, še zlasti v primerih, kjer kot osnovo uporabljamo delno kristaline polimere, kot so polietilen (PE), polipropilen (PP), poli(vinil-klorid) (PVC), poli(etilen-tereftalat) (PET) in poliamid (PA). Namen prispevka je preučiti vpliv vgrajevanja wollastonita kot polnila na strukturne spremembe iPP v iPP/wollastonit kompozitih in ugotoviti, kako le-te vplivajo na mehanske lastnosti teh kompozitov. Z vgrajevanjem wollastonita nastanejo spremembe v strukturi iPP. Že dodatek majhne količine wollastonita zmanjša velikost sferulitov iPP. Sferulitna morfologija je opazna do 8 vol. % dodanega wollastonita. Povečanje vsebnosti wollastonita (nad 8 vol. %) v iPP/wollastonit kompozitih popolnoma poruši sferulitno morfologijo, pri čemer nastane fino zrnata morfologija. Dodatek wollastonita v iPP vpliva na nastanek β -faze iPP, kar dodatno prispeva k povišanju celotne stopnje kristaliničnosti. Spremembe v strukturi iPP matrike pri vgrajevanju wollastonita se kažejo tudi v mehanskih lastnostih. Pri meji plastičnosti je pri vsebnosti wollastonita nad 8 vol. % moč opaziti ustalitev meje plastičnosti, kar sovpada s prehodom sferulitne v zrnato morfologijo in se lahko odraža na interaktivnosti med polimerno matriko in polnilom.

The influence of different silica grades on the properties of binary polypropylene (PP)/silica composites were investigated by optical and SEM microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and by measurements of tensile properties. The polypropylene (PP)/silica composites of 92/8 volume content ratio were prepared from melt by compression moulding. The effects of different silica grades, particle size (nanosilica vs. microsilica) and surface treatment (untreated surface or hydrophilic vs. treated surface or hydrophobic silica), on phase morphology and mechanical properties of the PP/silica composites were compared. The results revealed the formation of well-homogenized PP composites without substantial agglomeration of filler even in the PP composites with nanosilica particles. Polarization micrographs revealed uniform morphology of PP matrix showing grains, irregular or well-developed spherulites. Whereas the impact strength and yield characteristics of all samples were similar, tensile properties at break exhibited differences between the composites with hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica. Hydrophobic micro- and nanosilicas enabled better spherulitization of PP matrix enhancing thus elongation and decreasing the strength at break. It seems that these differences arose from the influence of various silica grades on the crystallization of the PP matrix.

The multiphase systems very often take part in the development of new polymeric materials. Such multiphase systems are the hybrid polymer composites, which also contain (beside the basic polymer and filler) an elastomer component. Structure and properties of three-phase polymer composites depend very much on the properties of each component, their miscibility and processing properties, as well as the adhesion between the components. In the ternary polymer composites, three different microstructures can occur: separate microstructure, core-shell microstructure and combination of both (random microstructure). The existing microstructure can strongly affect the performance of the corresponding composites. The purpose of the research work was to study the structure of different polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites and to find out the impact of core-shell microstructure on mechanical properties of the composites. Ternary composites PP/talc/elastomer and PP/wollastonite/elastomer were investigated in our study. Different styrenic block copolymers poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) and functionalized SEBS (SEBS grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA)) were used as elastomers. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to determine the structure, while tensile testing and notched impact testing were used to measure mechanical properties. The structure and mechanical properties are presented with emphasis on the interdependence of the core-shell microstructure and mechanical properties. The research showed that the appropriate choice of the components in the ternary composites could lead to the existence of the core-shell microstructure, which, in some cases, can prove to be favorable because of the improved mechanical properties.

This work comprehends the study of the binary polypropylene (PP)/wollastonite and ternary PP/wollastonite/elastomer composites, where the styrenic block copolymers poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) and poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene), grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA), were used as elastomers. The composites were characterized by tensile and impact strength measurements. The phase structure and final morphology of the corresponding composites were also defined. The results showed the opposite effect of wollastonite and elastomers on mechanical properties of the PP composites. SEBS or SEBS-g-MA elastomers affect mechanical properties of ternary composites differently. The effect of wollastonite fillers and the type of elastomers on the mechanical properties, phase structure and final morphology are discussed throughout the structure-properties relationships of binary and ternary PP composites.

Modification of polypropylene (PP) with wollastonite fillers was investigated in this paper. Three types of different silane pretreated wollastonite mineral filler were used for preparation of binary PP/wollastonite composites. The composite samples were homogenized in a Brabender Plasti-Corder kneading chamber and compression moulded into plates on a laboratory press. The adhesion between the wollastonite fillers used in this study and the PP matrix was predicted on the basis of the calculated adhesion parameters (work of adhesion, interfacial free energy and spreading coefficient) obtained by the surface free energy of pure materials. The contact angle method was used to determine surface free energy of components. The obtained values of adhesion parameters at the interface in the composites were correlated with mechanical properties as well as morphology observations of corresponding composites and were proved to be in relatively good agreement with the mechanical property measurements. Stronger adhesion in investigated composites has reflected in higher yield stress and tensile strength at break but in lower elongation at break and impact resistance. Preučevali smo modifikacijo polipropilena (PP) z wollastonitom kot polnilom. V ta namen smo uporabili tri različne tipe wollastonitov, obdelanih z različnimi silani. Vzorce kompozitov smo pripravili v talini v Brabenderjevem gnetilniku in s stiskanjem v plošče v laboratorijski stiskalnici. Predvideli smo jakost adhezije med uporabljenimi polnili in PP matriko na osnovi izračunanih adhezijskih parametrov (adhezijsko delo, prosta energija medpovršine in koeficient omočenja), ki smo jih izračunali iz prostih energij površine posameznih komponent. Za določanje proste energije površine komponent smo uporabili metodo kontaktnega kota. Dobljene vrednosti adhezijskih parametrov na medpovršini smo korelirali z mehanskimi lastnosti in morfološkimi raziskavami preučevanih kompozitov in pri tem ugotovili njihovo dobro skladnost z rezultati mehanskih lastnosti. Močnejša adhezija v preučevanih PP/wollastonit kompozitih se je odražala v višjih vrednostih meje plastičnosti in pretržne trdnosti, medtem ko so bile vrednosti raztezka ob pretrgu in zarezne udarne žilavosti nižje.

V razvoju ternarnih polimernih kompozitov je s teoretičnega in praktičnega vidika zanimiv pojav enkapsulacije punila z elastomerom. V prispevku je podan pregled raziskav vpliva enkapsulacije na mehanske lastnosti hibridnih polipropilenskih (PP) kompozitov na podlagi spoznanj iz znanstvene literature. Primerjalno so prikazani tudi rezultati nekaterih naših raziskav kompozitov PP/talk/elastomer in PP/wollastonit/elastomer, v katerih smo kot elastomerni komponenti uporabili poli(stiren-b-etilen-co-butilen-b-stiren) (SEBS) in SEBS graftiran z maleinanhidridom (SEBS-g-MA). Ugotovili smo, da je na enkapsulacijo možno vplivati z izbiro ustreznih komponent in tehnoloških pogojev priprave kompozitov. Ne obstaja pa splošno pravilo za soodvisnost med pojavom enkapsulacije in mehanskimi lastnostmi ternarnih PP kompozitov.

V zadnjih letih je bil razvoj novih polimernih materialov usmerjen v preučevanje mešanic polimerov in polimernih kompozitov, ker predstavljajo atraktivnejše sisteme, pomembne za raziskave in industrijsko uporabo. Pri iskanju rešitev, kako izboljšati mehanske lastnosti polipropilena (PP) in drugih polimerov, običajno postopamo tako, da vanj vgradimo elastomere in/ali polnila. Elastomeri delujejo kot modifikatorji udarne žilavosti za PP, vendar zmanjšajo njegovo togost. Polnila običajno izboljšajo togost, trdnost, trdoto in abrazijsko obstojnost PP, toda zmanjšajo njegovo udarno žilavost. Sočasna uporaba elastomerov in polnil v PP matrici je predmet mnogih raziskav v razvoju novih polimernih materialov. Z ustrezno kombinacijo elastomerov in polnil je možno oblikovati lastnosti hibridnih polipropilenov, namenjenih za specifična področja uporabe. V prispevku bomo predstavili pregled naših raziskav o vplivih plastomernih kavčukov (etilen/propilen/dien terpolimer-EPDM, poli(stiren-b-etilen-ko-propilen) diblokkopolimer-SEP, poli(stiren-b-butadien-b-stiren) triblokkopolimer-SBS) in polnil (wollastonit, talk) na strukturo in lastnosti odgovarjajočih PP mešanic in kompozitov.