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U radu je prikazan postupnik kod ultrazvučno detektiranih jednostavnih cista u postmenopauzi uz prikaz literature.

Cervikalna trudnoća je najrjeđi, ali i najopasniji oblik ektopične trudnoće. U prošlosti se cervikalna trudnoća liječila kirurškim metodama koje su često završavale histerektomijom. Danas se u terapiji cervikalne trudnoće primjenjuju konzervativne medikamentozne metode. Najčešće korišten lijek je metotreksat. Prikazana je 33-godišnja nulipara koja je primljena u Kliniku zbog klinički i ultrazvučno dijagnosticirane cervikalne trudnoće u 6. tjednu amenoreje. Unutar cerviksa nađen je embrionalni odjek od 4 mm, s pozitivnom srčanom akcijom, a betahCG bio je 9970 IU/L. Započeta je terapija metotreksatom 75 mg iv u infuziji na koju se nadovezala terapija Leukovorinom. Ista terapija je ponavljana 8. i 17. dan. Nakon prve doze betahCG je porastao na 12650 IU/L i potom je kontinuirano padao do 33. dana kada je bio 52, 6 IU/L. Pacijentica je 36. dan otpuštena iz bolnice, dva tjedna kasnije je klinički i ultrazvučni nalaz uredan, a betahCG negativiziran.

AIM: To determine whether introducing three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography with power Doppler facilities as a secondary screening test, preceded by annual transvaginal grayscale ultrasonography (TVUS) (followed by transvaginal color Doppler (TVCD) in selected cases) as a primary screening test for ovarian cancer improves the accuracy of ovarian cancer screening studies. METHODS: Annual TVUS was performed on 3, 201 peri- and postmenopausal asymptomatic women aged > or =50 years from March 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. Cystic ovarian lesions in perimenopausal women were routinely reevaluated by TVUS and TVCD at 4-6 week intervals to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention for physiological cysts. Any multiloculated, complex or solid ovarian mass, as well as persistently cystic mass >5 cm in diameter, in which the echo architecture and/or blood flow pattern was not highly suggestive of a benign histology, was categorized malignant. In these cases, TVUS and TVCD findings were obtained in no more than 2 weeks and supplemented by secondary screening, including 3D ultrasonography, and 3D power Doppler, in combination with serum CA 125 determination. After detailed ultrasonographic examination, surgical removal of the tumor and pathohistological classification were completed. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (0.8%) with persisting ultrasonographic abnormalities after primary and secondary screening underwent surgery to remove the ovarian tumor. Five epithelial ovarian cancers were detected: 3 stage IA, 1 stage IB, and 1 stage IC. Three stage I patients had a palpable abnormality on clinical examination. Furthermore, in three patients with stage I disease, CA 125 serum value was elevated (> or =35 U/mL). Three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler, as well as TVUS findings were indicative of malignancy in all 5 patients with stage I ovarian cancer, whereas TVCD finding was false-negative in 2 patients with stage I disease. Screening test (primary+secondary screening) had the sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.4%, positive predictive value of 20%, and negative predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION: Application of 3D ultrasonography and power Doppler imaging in patients with "positive" standard ultrasound tests (annual TVUS, followed by TVCD in selected cases) represents a novel approach for the early and accurate detection of ovarian cancer through screening.

Screening for ovarian carcinoma: new ideas on an old problem.

Probir za ovarijski karcinom: nove ideje o starom problemu

In results authors explain great possibilites of three-dimensional color Doppler in respect to angiogenesis of neoplasms, structure of new blood vessels, prognosis of neoplasms, and the possibilities of early diagnosis carcinoma of ovary and endometrium

Karcinom trupa maternice je četvrti najčešći karcinom u žena, s 37.000 novih slučajeva svake godine u SAD. Posljednjih godina bilježi se blagi porast pojave novih slučajeva u razvijenim zemljama.Najčešće se pojavljuje u žena koje nisu rađale, i to nakon pedesete godine života, a 80% slučajeva bilježi se u žena u postmenopauzi.