1. Sovražni govor kot pravna kategorija v historični perspektivi
- Author
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Šadl, Vito and Kambič, Marko
- Subjects
pravna zgodovina ,elementi sovražnega govora ,delikt ,hate speech elements ,legal history ,hate crimes ,Sovražni govor ,sovražna kazniva dejanja ,criminal offence ,kaznivo dejanje ,delict ,Hate speech - Abstract
Sovražni govor je moderen pojem, ki se je pojavil šele pred nekaj desetletji. Različne strokovne panoge mu še niso uspele postaviti enotne definicije, unificirana pa ni niti njegova pravna plat – niti na teoretski niti na praktični ravni. Avtor zato v prvem delu pregleda trenutno normativno stanje, sovražni govor pravno ovrednoti ter izlušči njegove temeljne elemente. Ti so v drugem, osrednjem delu naloge podlaga za analizo izbranih institutov iz pravne zgodovine: prepoved diskriminacije tujcev, vdov in sirot v Mojzesovem pravu, rimska injurija, kolektivna žalitev po srednjeveškem gorskem pravu, regulacija sovražne propagande v ZDA v 20. stoletju ter prepoved dejanj zoper nacionalno in rasno enakost v Sovjetski zvezi ter Jugoslaviji po drugi svetovni vojni. Namen naloge je bil ugotoviti, ali lahko v pravni zgodovini srečamo institute, ki so vsebinsko, vsaj v posameznih elementih, primerljivi z modernim pravnim dojemanjem sovražnega govora. Avtor ugotavlja, da se vzporednice da povleči z določenimi pravnimi instituti v skoraj vseh zgodovinskih obdobjih, a je treba ob tem ohraniti pravo mero kritične distance in upoštevati vsakokratne zgodovinske okoliščine. Hate speech is a modern concept which appeared only a couple of decades ago. Experts from various scientific fields have yet to provide us with a common definition moreover, the legal aspect of hate speech also has not been unified yet, neither in theory nor in practice. In the first part, the author therefore gives an overview of current norms, evaluates hate speech from a legal point of view, and extracts its fundamental elements. In the second, central part the latter serve as the basis for the analysis of chosen legal constructs from legal history: prohibition of discrimination against foreigners, widows and orphans in the Law of Moses, Roman iniuria, collective insult in medieval vineyard hills law (Bergrecht), regulation of hate campaign in the USA in 20th century, and hate crime on grounds of race and nationality in the Soviet Union and the Yugoslavia after the Second World War. The objective of this master's thesis was to establish whether legal history can provide us with legal constructs which are substantively, at least in some elements, comparable with the modern legal understanding of hate speech. The author concludes that it is indeed possible to draw parallels between specific legal constructs in almost all periods of history however, one must keep the right amount of critical distance and take into consideration respective historical circumstances.
- Published
- 2020