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The aim of this study was to investigate serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and hepcidin levels in respiratory infections caused by various viral agents in calves. Pneumonia is an infectious or non-infectious disease affecting the lungs of all animals, and during the inflammation, blood levels of acute phase proteins increase rapidly. Hepcidin is a hormone that has many functions and is known as type II acute phase reactant. The blood samples were collected from a total of 20 calves to form the study group. The control group consisted of 10 healthy animals. Sera were analyzed with ELISA for antigen detection. According to the results, Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) was positive in 3 calves, Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was positive in 3 calves, Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was positive in 1 calf, and Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPI3) was positive in 1 calf. Adenovirus infection was detected in 5 animals together with other viruses. Mixed infections were observed in 12 calves. Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and hepcidin values were measured in sera. According to the results, statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for the haptoglobin (P

Colostrum has high nutritional values, is more easily digestible than milk, and has a comparatively higher concentration of dry matter, fat and non-fat dry matter, protein and most importantly, immunoglobulin (Ig). The most important task of immunoglobulins is to neutralize pathogens and toxins through neuttalization. Lactoferrin is a protein product of the transferrin gene family with iron binding ability. Lactoferrin serves as a major component of the secondary granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and is produced by epithelial cells, including those in the mammary gland. Zinc acts as a cofactor and activator of more than 300 enzymes in different metabolic pathways and is known as a biologically important trace mineral. The aim of this study is to examine whether the immunoglobulin G, lactoferrin and zinc concentrations in colostrum, which is vital for newborn calves, show a decrease tendency by freezing. Fresh colostrum was given to one group (n=12) and frozen (-20 °C) colostrum (n=12) was given to one group and blood samples were collected after 32 hours. According to the results obtained, there was no statistical difference between the groups in the initial measurements of IgG, lactoferrin and zinc values in group 1 (fresh colostrum) and group 2 (frozen colostrum). The differences between the first and second measurements among themselves in both groups were found to be statistically significant. In the second measurements between the two groups, no statistical difference was found between the values of immunoglobulin G (p= 0.996), lactoferrin (p = 0.513), zinc (p = 0.605).

The owner of a goat flock admitted to our clinic with three intact male Saanen kids (3 months of age) with the complaints of stranguria, anuria, and colic. One kid was totally anuric, the other two was dribbling little urine. Anuric kid was dead shortly after submission. One of the other two kids was dead 4 hours after submission to our clinic and a necropsy was performed on both kids. Several urolithiasis extracted from the cortex, pelvis of kidneys, ureters and bladders. After necropsy, urolith samples were subjected for analysis and reported as struvite. Then, the farm was visited and urine was collected from all kids (n=23) and 15 of them was positive for struvite urolithiasis according sediment examination. Vitamin C (20 mg/kg) as powder was prescribed for four weeks and correction of the ration and gradually increasing the salt content of ration to % 4 was adviced. Four weeks later no struvite crystals were seen microscopically. Correction of ration and use of Vitamin C resulted in dissoluation of struvite crystals and prevented the further occurrence of urolithisis. Vitamin C can be used as a safe urine acidifier in kids.

Today, obesity is seen as a serious health problem in domestic cats. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase protein with anti-inflammatory properties. PON1 is transported by linking to different parts of HDL in the blood and has a protective feature of HDL against oxidation. Telomerase is reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes and protects telomeres. Telomere length becomes shorter due to stress, obesity, and lack of exercise. In this study, paraoxonase1, telomerase enzymes and HDL values in blood serum of obese and non-obese cats were measured and their relationships with each other were evaluated. Body fat ratio in cats with body fat measurement system, those above 30% were evaluated as obese, and those below 30% were evaluated as the control group. Paraoxonase1 (p

Bu calisma Antalya ilindeki vektor kaynakli Dirofilaria immitis (D.immitis), Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) ve Anaplazma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) hastaliklarinin hizli test kitleri ile teshisi ve insidansinin arastirilmasi amaciyla yapildi. Zoonoz oneme sahip ve keneler araciligi ile bulasan bu hastaliklar ilkbahar ve sonbahar doneminde memeli ve insanlar icin buyuk bir tehdit olusturmaktadirlar. Ayrica sokucu sivrisinekler, bircok zoonoz hastalikta arakonakci olarak gorev yaparlar. Calismada 5 gunluk ile 15 yas arasi 225 adet kopekten EDTA’li tuplere alinan kanlarla Anigen Rapid Caniv-4 Test kiti kullanilarak E. canis antikoru %17.7 ve A. phogocytophilum antikoru %0.44 oraninda saptanmis, D. immitis antijeni ve B. burgdorferi antikoru ise saptanamamistir. E. canis’in tum yaslarda gorulebildigi ve embiryonal donemde bulasmanin oldugu gorulmustur. Calismamizda E. canis yonunden pozitif cikan 40 hasta kopekte yapilan hematolojik testler sonucunda; 21 hastada trombositopeni, 18 hastada anemi, 9 hastada lokositoz ve 1 hastada lokopeni goruldu. Antalya ilcesi olan Manavgat’tan getirilen ve ormanlik alanda bulundugu soylenen bir kopekte A. phagocytophilum ve E. canis’in pozitif sonuc verdigi gorulmustur. Sonuc olarak; Antalya ilinde E.canis’in seroprovalansinin yuksek oldugu ve bu calismanin sonucunda elde edilen veriler gelecekte Antalya ilinde ve ilcelerinde yapilacak olan calismalarda bir refarans olarak kullanilabilecegi dusunulmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ikili (Bovine viral diarrhea virus / Bovine herpesvirus -1) ve tek enfeksiyonlu (Bovine viral diarrhea virus veya Bovine herpesvirus -1) hayvanlarda ve ayrıca sağlıklı sığırlarda serum amiloid A, haptoglobin ve özellikle hepcidin konsantrasyonlarını belirlemekti. Daha önce sadece hepcidin geni üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmış olup ancak sığır hastalıklarında hepcidin değerleri araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada toplam 56 sığır kullanılmıştır. Onlardan 17'inde Bovine herpesvirus-1, 13 tanesinde Bovine viral diarrhea virüsü, bunların 4'ünde ise hem Bovine herpesvirus-1 hem Bovine viral diarrhea virüsü tespit edildi. Kontrol grubu ise 22 sağlıklı sığırdan oluşturuldu. Bulgulara göre, çift infeksiyonlu hayvanlar ile tek enfeksiyonlu hayvanlar arasında akut faz proteinlerinin seviyelerinde belirgin farklılık saptanmamıştır. Serum hepcidin değerleri, 3 çalışma grubu arasında farklılık göstermedi. Fakat üç deneme grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı farklılıklar vardı (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The effects of Certolizumab, a pegylated monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α, on experimentally induced acute pancreatitis (AP) were examined. METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar Albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was the control group and no medication administered to this group. Group II was the Certolizumab group, and 100 ml/kg serum physiologic administered into the biliopancreatic duct and a single dose of 10 μg Certolizumab was simultaneously administered intraperitoneally. Acute pancreatitis was induced with a retrograde injection of 3% Na taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct in the study (Group III) and treatment (Groups IV) groups. Rats were sacrificed 72 hours later. Serum amylase, lipase, lactate dehydrogenase activities, along with pancreatic histopathology, were examined. RESULTS: Certolizumab treatment significantly decreased serum amylase, lipase, and LDH levels; histopathologically edema, hemorrhage, parenchymal necrosis, fat necrosis, and infiltration scores; immunohistochemically MDA, MPO, TNF-α and Caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSION: The results support the idea that certolizumab might be beneficial for the severity of AP. RESUMO OBJETIVO: Os efeitos de Certolizumab, um anticorpo monoclonal pegilado para o fator de necrose tumoral α, na pancreatite aguda induzida experimentalmente (PA) foram examinados. MÉTODO: Trinta e seis ratos Wistar Albino foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. O Grupo I foi considerado o grupo controle e não recebeu medicação; o Grupo II foi o grupo Certolizumab e recebeu 100 ml/kg de soro fisiológico administrado no ducto biliopancreático e dose única de 10 mg Certolizumab administrada por via intraperitoneal simultaneamente. A pancreatite aguda foi induzida com uma injeção retrógrada de uma solução de 3% taurocolato de sódio aplicada no ducto biliopancreático comum nos grupos de estudo (Grupo III) e tratamento (Grupos IV). Os ratos foram sacrificados 72 horas depois. As atividades séricas de amilase, lipase, lactato desidrogenase, juntamente com a histopatologia pancreática, foram examinadas. RESULTADOS: O tratamento com Certolizumab diminuiu significativamente os níveis séricos de amilase, lipase e LDH; edema histopatológico, hemorragia, necrose paranquimatosa, necrose gordurosa e escores de infiltração; atividade imuno-histoquímica de MDA, MPO, TNF-α e Caspase-3. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados suportam a ideia de que o Certolizumab pode ser benéfico para a gravidade da PA.

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is an important disease of cattle which causes alimentary, respiratory and reproductive disorders and serious economic losses. Today, eradication of disease is compulsory for the increase of dairies and achieving more healthier herds. In cattle, if the calves are infected with BVD from the uterus in the first trimester of pregnancy, they are born persistent infected (PI) antigen(+). The PI calves are smaller or normal in apperance than normal calves. Persistent infected (PI) calves spread the virus throughout their lives and infect their surroundings. BVD causes early embrionic death, calves born with anomalies and immunosuppression in infected animals. In this study 200 calves between 1–30 days old from Burdur province are screened with BVD rapid test kit. In the screening, 13 calves (6.5%) are found BVDV ag(+). The gender of PI calves are found 4% female (8/200) and 2.5% male (5/200). In the 5% of PI calves (10/200), respiratory and alimentary problems were clinically seen. The antigen(+) animals are put out of the herd and vaccination protocols are recommended. In this study, diagnosing the disease can be made rapidly by both clinicians and farmers, also putting the virus spreading persistent calves out of herd without losing time and a successful struggle can be made against BVD, are shown.

Stress occurs with the pressure of external and internal (infectious or non–infectious) causes which forces change in animals. This stress not only emerge with behavioral or clinical signs, but also will result with immune response formed by body. Understanding and evaluating this subclinic response is also possible with the help of Acute Phase Proteins (APP–AFP) which are released by tissues and organs when exposed to external and internal changes as well as known hormonal changes. Cattle are fed because of their economical importance and the inflammatory processes have influence on their yield levels. Because the stress is laying under all these health problems, also it is getting attention how stress effect the animals. Stress can be divided into main four groups: physical (mechanical), inflammatory (infectious), behavioral and other stress factors. The main APPs which all groups mostly using in their studies are serum amyloid A (SAA) haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen (Fb), lipopolisakkarit binding protein (LBP) ve α1–Acid Glycoprotein (AGP).

Cok su icme, cok idrar yapma, ilerleyen zayiflama ve sut veriminde azalma sikayetleri ile klinige getirilen diyabetli bir inekte klinik, hematolojik ve patolojik incelemeler yapildi. Hayvanin vucut isisi, kalp ve solunum sayilari normal sinirlar icerisindeydi. Ayrica hemogram muayenede de onemli bir bulguya rastlanmadi. Inek kesime gitmeden once 48 saat arayla 2 defa kan ve idrar numunesi toplandi. Nekropside, karaciger buyumus ve soluk renkliydi. Bobreklerin kortikal bolgelerinde cok sayida beyaz renkli ve kucuk odak saptandi. Akcigerlerde odem, trahea ve brons lumenlerinde kopuklu eksudat vardi. Dis bakida pankreas normal gorunumdeydi. Histopatolojik incelemede butun pankreatik loplarda pankreatik adacik sayisi ve boyutunda azalma gozlendi. Langerhans adaciklarinda hucre sayisinin azaldigi saptandi. Genel olarak beta hucrelerinde vakuolizasyon ve dejenerasyonlar siklikla dikkati cekti. Pankreatik dokunun immunohistokimyasal muayenesinde insulin, proinsulin ve amilin sentezleyen hucrelerde belirgin bir azalma oldugu, buna karsin glukagon sentezleyen hucrelerde bir artis oldugu gozlendi. Klinik, histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal bulgulara dayanarak diabetes mellitus ve coklu organ hasari teshisi konuldu

11 yaşında dişi bir kedi ateş, letarji, mukozalarda ikter, karında şişkinlik ve iştahsızlık şikayetleri ile Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Eğitim Hastanesine getirildi. Ehrlichia canis enfeksiyonu, sürme froti hazırlanarak ve ayrıca indirek immunofloresan (IFAT) yöntemiyle teşhis edildi. Sürme frotiler incelendiğinde belirgin anemi ve eritrositlerde anizositoz gözlendi. Nötrofillerin sitoplazmasında Ehrlichia spp morulası mevcuttu. Hematoloji ve biyokimya analizleri için kan örnekleri alındı. Tedavide doxycycline kullanılarak iyileşme sağlandı, An 11-year old cat presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Mehmet Akif Ersoy University from a farm in Burdur province. She presented fever, lethargy, icteric mucous membrans, abdominal bloating and anorexia. An Ehrlichia canis infection was confirmed by blood smear and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT) method. At the examination of blood smear marked anemia and anisocytosis were observed in erythrocytes. Ehrlichia spp. morulae stage were observed in cytoplasm of neutrophils. Blood samples were taken from cat for haematological and biochemical analysis. The cat was treated with doxycycline and recovered rapidly

Objective. In this study, it was aimed to compare the effectiveness of Hydroxyethyl Starch (HTS), HTS +7.2% NaCl combination and Ringer Lactate solutions in the treatment of hypovolemic calves with diarrhea. Materials and methods. A total of 21 holstein calves (12 female, 9 male, weighted 28-52 kg), at the age of 0-30 days, were enrolled in the present study. The calves were randomly divided into 3 groups. Calves in the first group received HTS (10 mL / kg), calves in the second group received Hydroxyethyl starch + 7.2% NaCl combination (4 mL/kg) and calves in the third group were treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (32 mL/kg) intravenously. Calves in each group were administered with oral rehydration solution immediately, and at 8th and 16th hours after intravenous applications. Clinical examinations and laboratory findings were obtained at 0 hour, 30th minutes, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 12th and 24th hours respectively. Results. Calves in all groups achieved clinical remission with a positive response to treatment and there was no statistically significant difference in the vast majority of the variables examined, although dehydration, capillary refill time, mental status and pulse quality were better in hydroxyethyl starch group and especially in hydroxyethyl starch + 7.2% NaCl group than those of Ringer’s lactate group (p

İntestinal lenfangiektazi, intestinal lenfatik dolaşımın obstrüksiyonu veya disfonksiyonu sonucu gelişen hipoproteinemi ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Bu olguda, kronik ishal ve zayıflama şikâyeti bulunan 4 yaşlı, dişi Setter ırkı köpekte saptanan intestinal lenfangiektazi tanımlandı. Hematolojik ve biyokimyasal analizlerde lenfopeniyle birlikte şiddetli hipoproteinemi ve hipokolesterolemi tespit edildi. Semptomatik ve destekleyici tedavi yapılmasına rağmen sağaltıma yanıt alınamadı. Hasta tedaviden 2 ay sonra kaybedildi. Sonuç olarak, köpeklerde kronik ishal ile seyreden hastalıkların tanısında lenfangiektazi’nin de göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği ancak, özellikle tanı ve tedavinin gecikmiş olduğu vakalarda prognozunun daha da kötü olabileceği kanısına varıldı.

The present report describes a rare case of splenic histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in a 10 years old Rottweiler dog. In anamnesis owner stated that history of anorexia, weakness and lethargy since from 3 weeks ago. Clinically body temperature, heart and respiratory rate were normal. Anemia diagnosed at the hematological analysis. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed numerous masses on the spleen and laparotomy decided. Splenectomy performed and the spleen presented to pathological examination. At the gross examination splenomegaly and numerous whitish tumoral foci were observed the spleen. Histopathological examination revealed numerous anaplastic, pleomorphic histiocytic cells in the tumoral masses. According the pathological findings tumors diagnosed as HS.

Background: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) is common with high seroprevalence in dairy cattle. It is reported in many countries. Also, BoCV causes diarrhea in dairy calves. The transmission of BoCV is the fecal-oral/aerosol-nasal routes. Feces from clinical cases or clinically normal dairy cattle are source of infection, also contamination of feed and water. The purpose of the current study was to investigate BoCV infection in diarrheic calves (age and sex) and their dams (age). For this reason, the serological and virological methods were used. Haematological parameters of the calves and their dams were compared using the statistical methods.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, following clinical examination of 3500 cattle and their calves from 25 number of dairy farms 184 calves with diarrhoea and their dams (183) (≥2 - ≤6 age) were sampled for BoCV presence by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, all blood samples were examined by hematological methods. 172 (93.99%) cows and 172 (93.99%) calves were found antibodies (Ab) positive (+). The high levels of Ab for BoCV were detected as 36.05 % in dams 6 years and older ages. In the calves, Ab to BoCV were found at the highest level (25.26%) in the female calves ≥5 - ≤6 months ages. BoCV antigen (Ag) was detected in only faecal sample of a (0.54%) calf. When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+) and BoCV Ab negative (-) dams, only white blood cell (WBC) values were found statistically significant (P < 0.05). When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+)/Ag (-) and BoCV Ab (-)/Ag (-) calves, WBC (P < 0.05), lymphocyte (P < 0.01) and granulocyte (P < 0.01) values were found statistically important. When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+)/Ag (+) and BoCV Ab (-)/Ag (-) calves, both lymphocyte and granulocyte values were statistically important (P < 0.01).Discussion: BoCV infection has found worldwide among cattle of all ages. The disease results in major economic losses in dairy herds that result from treatment costs and calf deaths. One hundred seventy two out of 183 mothers whose blood sampling was done were detected as seropositive. Many researchers found similar results in dairy cattle. It was detected the highest seropositivity in cattle more than six years old. One hundred seventy two blood samples out of 184 calves were detected seropositive. Also, the highest seropositivity was detected among of > 5 and < 6 months of age. BoCV Ag (+) presence was detected in only one faecal sample of one calf out of 184. Researchers were found same or higher BoCV Ag(+) rates in faeces of diarrheic calves. In the study lymphocyte counts of seropositive cows and in Ab(+)/Ag(+) calves determined decrease. However, the counts in seropositive calves were increased. Leukocytes levels were also high in seropositive calves. Haematocrit values were decreased in seropositive cows, calves and in Ab(+)/Ag(-) calves. BoCV infections were detected at low level in diarrheic calves. But, BoCV seropositive mature and diarrheic calves were found at high levels. Haematological application methods could be used to be supportive with the serological and virological methods. All farm managements should be maintained with strict hygiene practices. Milking bottle, calf pens or hutches need to be sanitized. The calves must be prevent contamination from faeces and urine of other calves. The protective vaccination must be applied all animals.

Objectives To evaluate the effects of certolizumab, a pegylated monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), on experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. Methods Healthy Wistar Albino male rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into 4 groups (9 rats in each group): group 1, control group; group 2, certolizumab group; group 3, cerulein group; and group 4, cerulein + certolizumab group. Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of 80-μg/kg cerulein (20 μg/kg, 4 times at 1-hour intervals) in groups 3 and 4. Certolizumab (10 μg) was intraperitoneally administered in groups 2 and 4. Serum levels of amylase, lipase, TNF-α, and lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the pancreatic tissue for assessing the activities of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and caspase-3 were also performed after 72 hours. Results Certolizumab treatment significantly decreased the serum levels of amylase, lipase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Histopathological edema, hemorrhage, parenchymal necrosis, and infiltration scores were also decreased, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and caspase-3 activities. Conclusion This study suggests that certolizumab is a beneficial treatment mode for reducing the severity of acute pancreatitis. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives: A correlation between blood type and the incidence of certain diseases in humans was established many years ago. It may be assumed that similar correlations could occur in dogs. Therefore, establishing the geographical and breed distribution of erythrocyte surface antigens in dogs may be of academic interest and useful in practice too. The aim of the study was the assessment of DEA 1.1 frequency among German Shepherds in the Lublin region of Poland.Material and methods: Our study involved 20 German Shepherds from Eastern Poland. The presence of blood antigen was detected using a quick immunochromatographic test. In 9 cases a donor–recipient compatibility test was also performed.Results: The antigen DEA 1.1 was detected in 15% of dogs. A clear, macroscopically visible agglutination did not occur in any of the donor–recipient compatibility tests.Conclusion: The breed studied may therefore be recognised as a suitable blood donor.

The aim of this study was to examine the coagulation profile in peste des petits ruminant (PPR) in kids. Five kids from a group of 150 animals (72 goats and 78 kids) were brought to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from a farm in Burdur province (Turkey) with nasal and ocular discharges and diarrhea. Fifteen goats and 41 kids had died due to diarrhea and three kids were presented to the Department of Pathology for diagnosis. Blood samples were taken from 12 ill animals (infected group) for haematological and biochemical analysis. In addition, five healthy kids were examined from another healthy flock (control group). Leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers of infected group showed significant declinations in comparison to control group (≤0.001). Haemorrhages in all organs of digestive system and small haemorrhagic areas in liver were caused to decrease in erythrocyte and haematocrit values (p ≤ 0.001) in infected group. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p ≤ 0.01) and creatinine (p ≤ 0.001) in infected group were significantly higher than control group. Compared to control group, significant increases were determined in serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p ≤ 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p ≤ 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p ≤ 0.001) in the infected group. No significant differences were observed between the infected and control groups for serum gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) concentration value. In our study, thrombocytopenia (p ≤ 0.001) together with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; p ≤ 0.01) and prothrombin time (PT; p ≤ 0.001) may show that disseminated intravascular coagulopathy which can occur in kids with PPR.

After very hot summer, 22 sheep from 5 different flocks consisting of approximately 150–200 animals each were diagnosed with facial eczema in September 2005, in southwest Turkey. Photophobia, corneal opacity, severe ulcers of the facial skin, especially localized around the eyes and mouth, and 3% mortality were the most prominent clinical symptoms. GGT levels of the animals were very high and varying between 261- 328 U/l. While the activities of ALT and total bilirubin were elevated and AST was normal in affected sheep. Total bilirubin level was higher than normal. Seven of the 22 sheep were euthanatized and necropsy was performed on all of these animals. Severe icterus, hepatomegaly, enlarged gallbladder, congestion of mesenteric vessels were the common necropsy findings. Histopathological changes of the liver included necrosis of the hepatocytes, cholangiohepatitis characterized by mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the portal area and mild to severe fibrosis around bile ducts. A diagnosis of sporidesmin toxicosis was made based on the histopathology of the livers, the elevation in liver enzymes, and the development of cutaneous lesions consistent with photosensitization and high spore counts in the ruminal contents. Surviving sheep were treated with procaine penicillin + dihidrostreptomycin sulfate, multivitamin complexes and flunixin meglumine. Additionally, zinc sulphate was also given at a dose of 6 gr per 100 lt drinking water for 28 days. All treated sheep recovered. Pasture spore counts were between 96,300- 267,500 spores/g grass.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of live yeast culture and the live yeast culture enriched with vitamin-mineral supplementation as a feed additive on fattening performance, some blood and rumen fluid parameters in male kids. Totally 18 male Saanen goat kids (average 8 weeks old) were divided into one control and two treatment groups each containing 6 kids. Rations were prepared as isonitrojenic and isocaloric. Live yeast culture (LYC) and the yeast-vitamin-mineral complex (YVM) (RumiSacc® and Intetotal® respectively, Integro food Industry and Trade Co., Istanbul, Turkey, Live yeast cell 344 x 1010 cfu/g,) were incorporated into concentrates at the level of 0% (C), 1% (YC) and 1% (YVM) on as-fed basis. During the study concentrate feed and fresh water were given ad libitum and the ration did not contain any roughages. Dietary yeast culture at the level of 1% increased final live weight (4.7% regarding control group) as numerically but not significantly. The fattening performance, rumen fluid and blood parameters were not statistically affected from the dietary treatments throughout the study. While the dorsal papillae length was not changed, ventral papillae length was decreased in the treatment groups. The length of papillae in YVM groups were similar to that of control groups.

In this study, clinical, parasitological, macroscopical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on 19 kids and 11 lambs (30 animals) with neonatal diarrhoea to detect the presence of Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis. Clinically, severe dehydration, yellowish-green to brown coloured diarrhoea and death were observed. Mortality rates were 10-30% in the examined flocks. The most common agent was C. parvum diagnosed in 20 animals as a single causative agent, whereas G. intestinalis was found in 5 of 30 animals. These two protozoa were detected together in 4 animals upon faeces examination. Fifteen of 24 cases of C. parvum and 3 of 11 cases of G. intestinalis were also confirmed histopathologically. Following immunohistochemical examination, all cryptosporidiosis cases were confirmed by positive immunostaining of intestinal sections. Two additional Giardiosis cases with negative results upon parasitological and histopathological examinations were diagnosed by means of immunohistochemical examination. Coronavirus was detected immunohistochemically in one kid with neonatal enteritis. Following diagnosis, herds were treated with Trimethoprim + Sulfodoxine and multivitamin complexes. Intravenous and intramuscular administrations of these drugs were effective for both treatment and prevention of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and kids.

Four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin-square design to determine the effects of various levels of whole cottonseed (WCS) in diets on parameters including milk (yield and fat content), rumen fluid (pH, ammonia and TVFA) and blood (β- carotene, vit. A, vit. E, urea, NH3, Ca, P and Mg levels). Cows consumed 0, 1, 2 or 3 kg WCS per day. No significant differences were observed among the groups on analysed parameters except plasma vitamin E concentration. In addition, when the amount of cottonseed was increased, milk yield and milk fat content also tended to increase but this increase was not statistically significant. In conclusion, feeding of WCS up to 3 kg per day with ad libitum maize silage did not cause negative effects on milk yield, milk fat and blood vitamin levels in the short term in dairy cows. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 6 : 852-856)

In this study, three stillborn and five premature and blind calves from cows suffering from chronic nitrate poisoning were examined pathologically. The live calves were euthanized, due to a poor prognosis. Complete necropsy was performed on all the eight affected calves. Hydroperitoneum and ascites were the most predominant lesions in the stillborn calves. Edema and hemorrhage were observed in the lungs of all the calves. Hemorrhages were seen in the digestive systems of four calves. Blood samples were taken from five live calves and their mothers, and from two cows that had delivered stillborn or blind calves, for biochemical observations and measurement of methemoglobin levels. Blood values of five healthy cattle from a herd with no history of stillborn or blind calves were used as controls. Water and feed samples were taken from five different farms with a history of stillborn or blind calves and examined for nitrates. Nitrate and nitrite levels of feeds ranged from 154 to 480 and 1.5 to 20 ppm respect...

Background: Glucagonomas are very rare neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic endocrine islets alpha cells and they produced excessive amount of glucagon hormone. Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a rare dermatosis that characterized by erosive, ulcerative and crusted lesions in different sites of the skin and the common cause of this situation related to glucagon secreted tumors. NME can occur commonly in man but some rare and recent reports available the occurrence of this situation in pet animals especially dogs. Both gross and histological findings in both human and animals are similar. This paper reports a NME case with glucagonoma and diabetes mellitus (DM) by clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Case: A 12-year-old, cat presented with complaints of skin lesions in neck region, hyperglycemia, weight loss and history of anorexia during the 2 months. Biochemical analysis results revealed high glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels but decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and potassium levels. After 2 weeks of anti-diabetic drug treatment, the blood glucose level became normal and skin lesions ameliorated but anorexia and weight loss continued. The cat exhibited general weakness and pain in abdominal area. Although the clinical sings ameliorated and skin lesions and serum biochemical findings returned the relatively normal levels compared the admission, the cat died after 2 weeks of treatment and necropsy performed. At necropsy, marked cachexia, loss of skin elasticity and decreased skin thickness were observed. During the examination of abdominal cavity of the cat, there was a mass 0.5x0.5 cm in diameter, hard and grayish color was diagnosed at the pancreas. In addition, numerous whitish foci were also present the pancreatic tissue. Additionally, enlargement and paleness were noticed at the liver. Hemorrhages were observed at the liver, stomach and gut. Histopathologically pancreatic mass composed of polygonal neoplastic cells supported by thin, fibrovascular stroma characteristic for neuroendocrine tumor. But type of the cells undistinguished by histopathology for that reason immunohistochemistry performed for to evaluated insulin and glucagon secreting cells. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that only small number of insulin secreting but numerous glucagon secreting cells in the tumoral tissue and the tumor diagnosed as glucagonoma. Marked decrease were also noticed in insulin secretin cells in pancreas and together with high serum glucose levels diabetes mellitus (DM) also diagnosed to the cat. Histopathological examination of the skin revealed that decreased skin thickness, alopecia, slight inflammatory reaction and necrosis of the spinous layer.Discussion: Glucagonomas are rare tumors of pancreas even in human, and the incidence of this tumor is very rare in cat. They are usually silent tumors and they generally caused by paraneoplastic phenomena than primary clinical symptoms. The most prominent features of the “glucagonoma syndrome” are NME and DM. In human NME is commonly diagnosed in patient with glucagonoma syndrome. Very rare NME reports available in cats and dogs. The present cat had obvious clinical symptoms and typical skin lesions for NME. This report includes the very characteristic case of NME in a cat due to glucagonoma and DM, closely resembling the glucagonoma syndrome occurred in humans. Possible cause of the liver damage was also related the DM characterized high serum glucose level. We thought that liver lesions were also supported the occurrence of characteristic skin lesions.

The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and pathological findings in sheep naturally infected with severe encephalitic sarcocystosis and to evaluate the prophylactic effect of amprolium on the disease. From a flock of approximately 350 animals, 10 sheep were referred to the Veterinary Faculty Clinic with neurological symptoms that developed during the previous 2 weeks. These 10 sheep were clinically and pathologically examined, and the remaining animals in the flock without neurological symptoms were treated. All 10 animals were hypothermic, weak, and unable to stand. Complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis revealed mild leukocytosis, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Gross lesions were not observed during postmortem examination of the central nervous system (CNS). On histopathological examination focal areas of perivascular cuffing in the brainstem, cerebellum, and medulla spinalis that were comprised mainly of lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells were observed. The lesions were associated with Sarcocystis sp. schizonts. Serological analysis for Toxoplasma gondii was negative. The animals in the flock that did not show neurological signs were prophylactically treated with amprolium 10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 5 days. No new neurological symptoms were seen in the flock after treatment.

The purpose of this study was to examine selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia. Seventy five female goats were used and divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 57) (blood serum glucose levels were within the physiological range), Group 2 (n = 11) (serum glucose values were low) and Group 3 (n = 7) (serum glucose values were high). Goats in Groups 2 and 3 were diagnosed with pregnancy toxaemia. Apart from serum glucose, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, blood pH, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and tumour necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) were measured in all animals. In Group 3 average Hp and SAA values were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in Groups 1 and 2, and also higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. Acute phase proteins in goats with pregnancy toxaemia may be used in the course and the prognosis of the disease. The evaluation of acute phase proteins is useful and also quicker in cases of suspected pregnancy intoxication. © 2018 Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Akdeniz Universitesi deney hayvanlari unitesine Israil’den getirilen laboratuvar farelerinde deride siddetli kasinti, kilo kaybi ve alopesiyle karakterize bir hastalik saptandi. Yuz fareden 20’si teshis icin Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Ic Hastaliklari Anabilim Dalina getirildi. Butun vucutta ozellikle karin bolgesinde alopesi ve kasinti gozlendi. Parazitolojik muayene icin kasintili bolgelerden deri kazintisi alindi. Potasyum hidroksit ile (%10’luk) muamele edilen deri kazintilarinin parazitolojik incelemesinde cok sayida akar ve yumurtalarina rastlandi. Akarlar morfolojik karakterlerine gore Myocoptes musculinus olarak teshis edildi. Farelerden besi otenazi edilerek patolojik olarak incelendi. Kasintili ve alopesik sahalardan alinan deri orneklerinin histopatolojik yoklamasinda epidermisteki tuneller icerisinde cok sayida akar’a rastlandi. Dermiste lenfosit ve notrofil lokositlerden olusan hafif yangisal reaksiyon saptandi. Teshisten sonra fareler, icme sularina ivermectin solusyonu (Vilmectin) 8 mg/L dozunda karistirilarak haftada 1 kez olmak uzere uc defa verilerek tedavi edildi. Sagaltimdan sonra hayvanlarin tumu iyilesti

Bir muhabbet kuşu sürüsünde şiddetli ishal, kabarmış tüyler ve iştahsızlık problemleri teşhis edildi ve son 2 haftada 35 kuş ölmüştü. Kuşlar bir koridorun ayırdığı iki ayrı odada besleniyorlardı. Her iki bölümden de taze dışkı örnekleri toplandı. Giardia sp. ve Eimeria sp. teşhisi için sırasıyla natif ve çinko sülfat flotasyon metotları kullanıldı. Muayene sonrasında, bir bölümden alınan 10 numunenin 8’inde Giardia psittaci teşhis edilirken, diğer bölümden alınan 23 örneğin 7’sinde ise Eimeria dunsingi teşhis edildi. Giardiasis görülen kuşların içme sularına 5 gün boyunca 800 mg/L dozunda metronidazole ve coccidiosis görülen kuşların içme sularına 2 gün boyunca 1 litreye 1.5 ml %2,5 toltrazuril eklenerek tedavi edildi. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de muhabbet kuşlarında Giardia ve Eimeria infeksiyonlarının tedavisi ve profilaksisini belgelemektir., Severe diarrhea, ruffled feathers and lack of appetite were diagnosed in a budgerigar flock and totally 35 birds had died within last 2 weeks. Birds were captived in two rooms and there was a corridor separating them. Fresh faecal samples collected from both of sections. Native method and zinc sulphate flotation methods were used to diagnose Giardia sp. and Eimeria sp., respectively. After examination, Giardia psittaci was diagnosed in 8 of 10 samples from one section and Eimeria dunsingi was diagnosed in 7 of 23 samples from another section. Birds with giardiasis treated with metronidazole for 5 days (800 mg/L) in drinking water and birds with coccidiosis treated with toltrazuril 1.5 ml for 1 lt, 2 days by in drinking water. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment of Giardia and Eimeria infections in budgerigars and prophylaxys in Turkey.

Objectives: In this study, the effects of adalimumab (ADA), a fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α, on experimentally acute pancreatitis (AP) were examined. Methods: Healthy Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into 4 groups: group 1, AP; group 2, AP + ADA; group 3, control (physiologic saline), and group 4, physiologic saline + ADA (n = 8/group). Acute pancreatitis was induced with a retrograde injection of 3% sodium (Na)-taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Adalimumab was simultaneously administered at 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally for groups 2 and 4. Physiologic saline was administered instead of Na-taurocholate for non-AP groups. After 24 hours, serum amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, pancreatic myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde activities, along with pancreatic histopathology, were examined. Results: Adalimumab treatment significantly decreased serum amylase activity (AP, 2778.25 ± 298.80; AP + ADA, 2143.13 ± 221.69; control, 1541.00 ± 148.39; ADA, 1143.00 ± 256.30 U/L; P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase activity (AP, 2978.37 ± 364.65; AP + ADA, 2582.75 ± 164.23; control 931.25 ± 135.93; ADA, 582.62 ± 99.37 U/L; P < 0.001), myeloperoxidase activity (AP, 1.44 ± 0.20; AP + ADA, 0.86 ± 0.01; control, 0.60 ± 0.17; ADA, 0.41 ± 0.00 U/g of wet tissue; P < 0.001), malondialdehyde activity (AP, 16.94 ± 3.98; AP + ADA, 7.66 ± 2.27; control, 9.07 ± 1.00; ADA, 3.58 ± 0.30 nmol/g; P < 0.01), and total histopathologic scores (AP, 2.75 ± 0.16; AP + ADA, 1.50 ± 0.19; control, 0.00 ± 0.00; ADA, 0.00 ± 0.00; P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results support the idea that adalimumab might be beneficial for severity of AP. © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

OBJECTIVES Pancreas pathology in subacute endosulfan toxicity and the effect of vitamin C in rabbits were studied. METHODS : Twenty-four rabbits in 4 groups were used. The rabbits in group END were given a daily sublethal dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of endosulfan in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group END+C received the same dose of endosulfan and also vitamin C (20 mg/kg) every other day. Group OIL+C received oral corn oil daily and vitamin C (20 mg/kg) every other day. Group OIL received corn oil daily by oral gavage throughout the experiment. Serum amylase, lipase, and glucose levels were analyzed 1 week after the last treatment. Histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used. RESULTS The amylase levels were normal, but the lipase levels were increased in all the groups. Marked increases in glucose levels were observed in the END and the OIL+C groups. Microscopy examination of the pancreases indicated degenerative changes in the END group. The pancreases of the END+C group were relatively normal in appearance. The immunohistochemistry of the pancreas showed marked decreases in proinsulin-, insulin-, and amylin-secreting cells and slight decreases in glucagon-secreting cells, whereas cells expressing caspase 3 increased. CONCLUSION Endosulfan can cause toxic effects on rabbit pancreases, but vitamin C has an ameliorative effect.

Objective—To detect changes in serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles via precipitation and electrophoresis in ketotic cows and in those cows treated with different methods. Animals—21 cows with clinical and subclinical ketosis, 7 healthy cows in the early lactation period, and 7 healthy cows in the nonlactation period. Procedures—Ketotic cows were allocated into 3 groups; the first group was treated with dextrose and dexamethasone, the second group with dextrose and prednisolone, and the third group with dextrose and insulin. The β and α lipoproteins were precipitated with dextran sulfate-magnesium chloride in ketotic cows after treatment and healthy cows in the nonlactation and lactation periods. The serum samples, precipitates, and supernatants were examined via agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of alterations in serum lipoproteins. Subsequently, alterations in serum apolipoproteins were detected via SDS-PAGE of precipitates. Results—Compared with serum β and α lipoprotein concentrations in healthy cows during nonlactation, those in cows during lactation were higher; however, those in cows with ketosis were lower. The SDS-PAGE analysis of serum β lipoproteins revealed that apolipoprotein E (approx 36 and 40 kDa) decreased in ketotic cows, in comparison with healthy cows in the nonlactation and lactation periods, but increased after treatment. Decreases in apolipo-protein B (approx 222 kDa), apolipoprotein A-I (19 and 24 kDa), apolipoprotein A-IV (55 kDa), apolipoprotein C-III (8.8 and 10.2 kDa), and albumin (66 kDa) concentrations were detected in ketotic cows, in comparison with the healthy cows in the lactation period. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum lipoprotein and apolipoproteins may routinely be determined via precipitation and electrophoresis in the diagnosis and treatment of ketosis.

In this study, we examined the effects of etanercept (ETA) on experimentally induced pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced with Na taurocholate. ETA was simultaneously administered to treatment groups. Serum amylase and lipase activity, pancreatic histopathology, apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity (MPO) were assessed. Although rats in the groups 1, 2, and 3 were sacrificed 24h later, groups 4, 5, and 6 were sacrificed 5 days later. ETA treatment significantly decreased serum amylase activity (nontreated, 2636.16 ± 191.94; treated, 1898.71 ± 262.53; control, 506.28 ± 17.31 U/L, P < 0.001), lipase activity (nontreated, 3049.67 ± 972.65; treated, 2538.85 ± 660.45; control, 88.57 ± 7.54 U/L, P < 0.001), histopathologic score (nontreated, 5.43 ± 0.43; treated, 2.57 ± 0.20; control, 0.71 ± 0.18, P < 0.001), MDA (nontreated, 105.77 ± 13.29; treated, 92.89 ± 10.39; control, 41.26 ± 2.54 nmol/g, P < 0.001), and MPO (nontreated, 0.64 ± 1.15; treated, 0.59 ± 0.13; control, 0.17 ± 0.02 units/g/wet weight, P < 0.001) activity in 24-h groups. In 5-day groups, ETA treatment decreased amylase activity (nontreated, 738.67 ± 48.60; treated, 497.14 ± 47.25; control, 389.00 ± 9.17 U/L, P < 0.001), lipase activity (nontreated, 101.33 ± 39.32; treated, 34.57 ± 7.29; control, 23.42 ± 2.12 U/L, P < 0.001), histopathologic score (nontreated, 5.43 ± 0.43; treated, 3.71 ± 0.68; control, 0.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.001), MDA (nontreated, 67.91 ± 4.28; treated, 60.91 ± 3.57; control, 14.85 ± 1.16 nmol/g, P < 0.001), and MPO (nontreated, 0.36 ± 0.04; treated, 0.27 ± 0.02; control, 0.14 ± 0.02 units/g/wet weight, P < 0.001) activity. Caspase-positive cells numbers around the necrosis significantly decreased by ETA treatment in both 24-h groups (nontreated, 74.28 ± 3.26; treated, 67.00 ± 1.15; control, 3.85 ± 0.63, P < 0.001) and 5-day groups (nontreated, 79.85 ± 3.01; treated, 47.85 ± 5.76; control, 2.22 ± 0.63, P < 0.001). These results showed that ETA has an ameliorating effect on sodium taurocholate-induced acute necrotic pancreatitis. © 2009 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated clinically, pathologically, and immunohistochemically the effect of insufficient short-acting insulin treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. METHODS: Three groups composed of 10 rats each were studied as follows: (1) a group that received only STZ (50 mg/kg) (STZ group); (2) a group that received 50 mg/kg STZ and, after 12 hours, 8 IU of short-acting insulin treatment (STZ + INS group), repeated every night for 5 days; and (3) a control group. Ketonuria and blood glucose levels were examined every day. Blood was obtained from 2 rats from each group, and necropsy was performed every day during the 5-day period. RESULTS: Hyperglycemia was observed in the STZ and STZ + INS groups 24 hours after, but levels were higher in the STS + INS group than those in the STZ-only group. Histopathology was similar in the STZ and STZ + INS groups, and degeneration was observed in both groups, but immunohistochemistry revealed a more severe reduction in insulin-secreting cells in the STZ + INS group than that in the STZ group. There were no hyperglycemia and histopathological or immunochemical alteration in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that insufficient short-acting insulin treatment can increase the diabetogenic effect of STZ in rats. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

WOS: 000258700100016, In this study, Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) infection in three Holstein breed cows, three years old, were investigated interms of clinical, serological, hematological and pathological examination. Clinical examinations revealed weakness, lack of appetite, enlargements in all superficial lymph nodes especially marked in prescapular lymph nodes, high temperature, cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory disturbance and incoordination. Serologically, Bovine Leucemia Virus (BLV) antibodies were detected in blood serum samples by Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Hematologically, increases were found in B-lymphocytes, total leucocytes, total lymphocyte and T-lymphocytes, but null cells and neutrophil ratios decreased in all three cows. Lymphadenopathy was observed in all lymph nodes at the pathological examination after slaughter. Especially at the superficial lymph nodes cortex and medulla were irregular and hemorrhages were observed.

Twelve sheep from 7 different flocks consisting of approximately 150-250 animals each were diagnosed with coenurosis caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps. Ataxia, incoordination, drowsiness, hind leg paralysis and coma were the most prominent clinical symptoms. Monocytosis and lymphocytosis were observed upon hematological examination. Creatin kinase (CKBB) levels of the animals varied between 421 and 495 U/l. Cysts were commonly localized in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain and in the cerebellum. In two cases, cysts were found on the lumbar aspect of the medulla spinalis. Symptoms were related to cyst localization. Depression, tilting of the head either to the right or left and head pressing were seen when cysts were located in the cerebrum. Incoordination and hyperexcitability were noted if the cysts were involved with the cerebellum and when located in the spinal cord, hind leg paralysis was the typical clinical sign. On microscopic examination, atrophy was observed in the central nervous system (CNS) organs due to pression by the bladderworms. Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffings were the most common histopathological findings. In periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS), positive reaction was observed in protoscoleces. Neurons were the most affected cell type when stained by the Kluver Barrera method. This method also showed that in the CNS, Coenurus cerebralis caused a prominent glial reaction. When parasites were localized in the nervous system treatment was impossible. Animals without neurologic sings were treated with praziquantel (Tenikur tablet-Topkim A.S.) 50-100 mg/kg/day for three days.