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Summary Background &Aims: Trace elements act as co-factors and/or in co-enzymes in many metabolic pathways and its deficiency contributes to metabolic and infectious complications. The aim of this study was to determine serum zinc, selenium, cobalt, chromium, copper and ceruloplasmin levels for identify the need for post intensive care unit (ICU) nutritional follow-up. Methods This study was prospectively conducted in medical ICU. Adult patients (≥18 years) who stayed in ICU more than 48 hours and transferred to ward were included in the study. Blood samples of trace element levels were sampled at discharge. Results We enrolled 100 patients. The median age was 60 (40-70) years with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score 15 (11-21). The median C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level was 53.9(24.8-116.0) mg/L at discharge. Median serum zinc (24.4 mcg/dl:14.2-38.7) and chromium (0.22 mcg/dl:0.17-0.34,) levels were below reference values, while median copper (111.9 (73.0-152.5) mcg/dl) and selenium (54.8 (36.4-95.25) mcg/L) values were within ranges. Serum concentrations of chromium, zinc, and selenium were lower than the normal values in 98, 90, and 36% of patients, respectively. The 28-day ICU mortality were correlated with low serum selenium levels (p=0.03). Conclusion Serum chromium and zinc levels were below reference values at discharge, but this finding was in context of inflammation. Low serum selenium level observed in 36% was associated to 28-day ICU mortality.

© 2021 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral NutritionBackground: Ghrelin is a hormone that regulates appetite and energy metabolism. The change of serial serum total and acylated ghrelin levels during hospital stays of critical patients are unknown. In addition, the relationship of this change with the clinical results of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is also unknown. The aim of this study was to determine serum total and acylated ghrelin levels serially in critically ill patients. Methods: This prospective study was performed in the ICU. Patients who were >18 years old and stayed in ICU for >48 h were included in the study. Serum total and acylated ghrelin concentrations were measured at baseline in all participants and serially on the 2nd, 5th, and 10th day after entry into the study in those who remained in the ICU. Results: A total of 60 participants were included. The mean age was 56 ± 21 years. (Baseline, 2nd, 5th, and 10th day median serum total ghrelin levels were 3551 (1651–3995), 3485.20 (1379–4071), 3359 (1167–3919), and 3355 pg/ml (2207–3843), respectively. Baseline, 2nd, 5th, and 10th day acylated ghrelin levels were 47 (0–673), 50 (0–730), 73 (0–808), and 125 pg/ml (0–689), respectively. There was no significant difference between total ghrelin/acylated ghrelin levels and mortality (P >.05). ICU mortality was 30%. Conclusion: Ghrelin levels were decreased slightly and acylated ghrelin levels increased substantially over time in critically ill patients. There were no differences between serum total ghrelin/acylated ghrelin levels and ICU mortality.

Objective: It has been shown that Computed Tomography’s (CT) findings are more specific than the reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RTPCR), at the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. Our goal in this research is to study the demographics, the clinical characteristics and the mortality rates of the COVID-19 Patients who were negative for the RT-PCR but were diagnosed through the CT scan and clinical signsMaterial and Methods: From the 14th of March till the 1st of June 2020, at the tertiary intensive care unit, we had studied the demographics, clinical characteristics and mortality rates of 97 patients who were negative on the RT-PCR test, but were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive through the CT scan and theclinical sings Results: The mean age of the patients was 67±15 and 67% of the patients were males. Eighty two percent of the patients had at least one comorbidity, and the most common comorbidity was Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The most commonly seen CT signs were bilateral ground glass opacities (61%),consolidation (23%), one-sided ground glass opacities (11%). The need for the mechanical ventilator was (54%), for the vasopressors was (43%), and the mortality rate was (40%).Conclusion: Like RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients treated in ICU, patients who are RT-PCR negative and diagnosed with COVID-19 disease by CT, clinical practice are at high risk for severe disease and poor outcomes. Patients diagnosed with CT should be evaluated like RT PCR positive patients, preventivemeasures should be taken and a treatment plan should be made., ÖzetAmaç: COVID-19 tanısında bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) bulgularının RT-PCR (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain-reactio) testinden daha spesifik olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız SARS-CoV-2 virüsünü RT-PCR ile gösteremediğimiz ancak klinik ve BT bulguları ile COVID-19 tanısı konulan yoğun bakım hastalarının demografik, klinik özelliklerini ve mortalite oranını araştırmaktırGereç ve Yöntemler: 14 Mart 2020 ile 1 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak yoğun bakım ünitelerinde tedavi edilen, RT-PCR negatif olduğu halde klinik ve BT bulguları ile COVID-19 tanısı alan 97 hastanın, demografik, klinik özellikleri ve mortalitelerine ilişkin verileri değerlendirdikBulgular: Hastalarımızın ortalama yaşı 67±15 ve hastaların %67’sini erkekler oluşturmakta idi. Hastalarımızın %82’sinde en az bir komorbidite eşlik etmekteydi ve en fazla görülen komorbidite ise hipertansiyon ve diabetes mellitus (DM) idi. Hastalardaki en yaygın BT bulguları iki taraflı buzlu cam (%61),konsolidasyon (%23), tek taraflı buzlu cam (%11) görünümü idi. Yoğun bakımda tedavi edilen RT-PCR negatif kritik COVID-19 hastalarımızın mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı %54, vasopressör kullanımı %43, mortalite oranı %40 idi .Sonuç: Yoğun bakımda tedavi edilen RT-PCR pozitif COVID-19 hastalar gibi RT-PCR negatif olan ve BT, klinik ile COVID-19 hastalığı tanısı alan hastalar şiddetli hastalık ve kötü sonuçlar açısından yüksek risk altındadırlar. BT ile tanı alan hastalar da RT PCR pozitif hastalar gibi değerlendirilmeli, korunmaönlemleri alınmalı ve tedavi planı yapılmalıdır.

Background: There are limited data on long-term outcome and mortality predictors of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically-ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Turkish ICUs. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study was performed in 26 ICUs in Turkey. All patients with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection, requiring more than 24 hours of ICU follow-up were included in the study. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, respiratory support, treatment types, and survival data were recorded. Results: A total of 421 patients were included in the study. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. Factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (HR 4.09 [95% CI: 2.20-7.63]), admission lactate level > 2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01]), age ≥ 60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)]), having cardiac arrhythmia during ICU stay (2.01 [1.27-3.20]), receiving vasopressor treatment (1.94 [1.32-2.84]), positive fluid balance of ≥ 600 ml/per day during ICU follow-up (1.68 [1.21-2.34]), admission PaO2/FiO2 ratio of ≤ 150 mmHg (1.66 [1.18-2.32], and baseline ECOG score ≥ 1 (1.42 [1.00-2.02]. Conclusion: This study has shown that long-term mortality was high in critically-ill COVID-19 patients in Turkish ICUs. Invasive mechanical ventilation, high lactate level, older age, presence of cardiac arrhythmia, need for vasopressor treatment, positive fluid balance, severe hypoxemia and not having fully-active performance were related with mortality.

Background/aim: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was mostly used in intensive care units (ICUs) with few studies in other departments. We hypothesized that HFNC applied at wards is beneficial for acute respiratory failure in hematological malignancy patients. Materials and methods: The study is a single center, randomized controlled study. Inclusion criteria were hypoxemic respiratory failure and hematological malignancy. Patients were randomized to either venturi mask/nasal cannula oxygen treatment or HFNC. Results: One hundred patients were included in the study. Median age was 58.5 (18-86) years and APACHE II score was 17 (5-29). HFNC group was 51 patients and the oxygen treatment group 49 patients. P/F ratios were similar between the groups throughout the study period. Endotracheal intubation was required in 10 (20.0%) patients in oxygen group and 17 (33.0%) patients in HFNC group (p = 0.14). A total of 17 (35.0%) patients in oxygen group and 17 (33.0%) patients in HFNC group received noninvasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.97). Median VAS comfort scores at the 2nd and 24th hours were not different between groups. The 28-day mortality rate was 36.7% (18 deaths) in the standard group and 45.0% (23 deaths) in the HFNC group (p = 0.39). Conclusion: HFNC applied in wards is not superior to standard oxygen treatment for acute respiratory failure in hematological malignancy patients.

Datura stramonium is grown widely in some regions of Turkey. Datura stramonium seed is used in the treatment of various diseases such as constipation and acne and causes anticholinergic toxicity when taken in overdose. In the literature, patients presenting with mild symptoms are the majority, and intensive care follow-up is often not required for these patients. In this case report, we present a 50-year-old male patient who received around 200 Datura stramonium seeds for the treatment of chronic constipation. When the patient admitted to the emergency department, he was unconscious, and his pupils were dilated. The patient who had severe vomiting and contractions was intubated. With the diagnosis of anticholinergic syndrome, physostigmine 0.5 mg (one dose) and 1 mg (two times) were administered to the patient with central nervous system findings. The patient who developed sepsis due to aspiration pneumonia during the follow-up stayed in the intensive care unit for 40 days with the support of mechanical ventilator for 37 days. The patient was discharged after 26 days of treatment in the physical therapy service Accidental ingestion of Datura stramonium seed used for herbal therapy in high doses may cause life-threatening consequences due to its anticholinergic effects or complications related to these effects.

Background: There are limited data on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. Aims: To determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically ill patients in Turkish intensive care units (ICUs), with respiratory failure. Study design: Retrospective, observational cohort. Methods: Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and who had been followed up in the ICUs with respiratory failure for more than 24 hours were included in the study. Their demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, treatment protocols, and survival data were recorded. Results: A total of 421 patients were included. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. The 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. The factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (HR 4.09 [95% CI: [2.20-7.63], P2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01], P= 60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)], P= 600 mL/day (1.68 [1.21-2.34], P=.002), PaO2/FiO(2) ratio of = 1 (1.42 [1.00-2.02], P=.050). Conclusion: Long-term mortality was high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Turkey. Invasive mechanical ventilation, lactate level, age, cardiac arrhythmia, vasopressor therapy, positive fluid balance, severe hypoxemia and ECOG score were the independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. WOS:000700853600007 2-s2.0-85115428262 PubMed: 34558415

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 infected patients who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: This study was performed retrospectively on patients above 18 years of age who had a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a typical chest computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19 disease. The patients were hospitalized in the medical ICU and kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) criteria was used for AKI classification. Results: We included 16 patients. The median age was 75 years and 88% were male. The most common co-morbid diseases were hypertension (HT) (56%) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (44%). The median acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were 26 (19-32) and 7 (4-9) respectively. Patients median serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were 27.8 (19.2-44.7) mg/dL, 1.32 (0.97-2.81) mg/dL respectively. According to the KDIGO classification: there was no AKI in 25% of the patients while, 19% stage 1, 12% stage 2 and 44% stage 3 AKI was observed. AKI developed in 75% of the patients. Conclusion: In this study we detected a high frequency of AKI in SARS-CoV2 infected patients hospitalized in the ICU.

Background/aim: Critically ill patients are at risk of developing gastrointestinal GI bleeding due to stress causing mucosal damage. Aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral/enteral nutrition with or without concomitant pantoprazole on upper GI bleeding in low risk critically ill patients. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study conducted with intensive care unit ICU patients receiving oral/enteral nutritional support. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups including intervention group received oral/EN plus pantoprazole and control group received only oral/EN . Results: A total of 300 patients intervention group: 152, control group: 148 participated in the study. Overall, 226 75% patients were fed by orally and 74 25% patients fed by enteral tube feeding. Median duration of nutritional support 4 range: 2-33 days. Overt upper GI bleeding was noted only in one patient 0.65% who was in the intervention group. The overall length of ICU stay of 4 2-105 days, while ICU stay was significantly longer in the intervention group than in the control group P = 0.006 . Conclusions: Our findings seems to indicate that in patients who are at low risk for GI bleeding and under oral/enteral nutritional support, the use of PPIs may not reduce the risk of bleeding, however these results are imprecise because of low event GI bleeding rate and limited power.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological condition characterized by ataxia, confusion, ocular findings, and impairment of consciousness due to thiamine deficiency. Although alcoholism is the most common reason, WE cases resulting from prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without multivitamin complex have been reported. Here we present a dramatic improvement in symptoms with high-dose thiamine in a patient who developed WE due to TPN after gastrointestinal surgery.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged for the first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. These viruses mainly cause respiratory and intestinal infections and induce a variety of clinical manifestations (1, 2). High virus titer and the subsequent strong inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses are related to the high morbidity and mortality observed during the pathogenic HCoV infection. Blood purification system including plasma exchange, adsorption, perfusion, blood/plasma filtration, etc., can remove inflammatory factors, block the "cytokine storm", to reduce the damage of inflammatory response to the body. This therapy can be used for severe and critical patients in the early and middle stages of the disease (3). We recommend not using Extracorporeal treatments based on cytokine and / or endotoxin removal routinely in patients infected with COVID-19 due to insufficient studies (4).

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine serum thiamin concentrations in critically ill medical patients who required chronic diuretic drug treatment before admission to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS This prospective study was performed in a medical ICU. Subjects who received diuretic drug therapy for at least 6 months prior to ICU admission constituted the diuretic group. The control group was clinically matched adults admitted to the same ICU but without a history of diuretic therapy. RESULTS A total of 50 subjects were included (25 subjects in each of the diuretic and control groups). In the diuretic group, daily dose of furosemide prior to admission was 40 mg/d (range of 20-160 mg/d). In all subjects, the ICU admission baseline blood thiamin concentrations were 31.2 ± 27.1 ng/mL. In the diuretic group, the baseline whole blood thiamin level was significantly lower compared with levels in the control group (15.5 ± 10.7 vs 46.8 ± 29.5 ng/mL; P

WOS: 000447618800009, PubMed: 30322437, OBJECTIVES: We aimed to obtain information about the characteristics of the ICUs in our country via a point prevalence study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was planned by the Respiratory Failure and Intensive Care Assembly of Turkish Thoracic Society. A questionnaire was prepared and invitations were sent from the association's communication channels to reach the whole country. Data were collected through all participating intensivists between the October 26, 2016 at 08:00 and October 27, 2016 at 08:00. RESULTS: Data were collected from the 67 centers. Overall, 76.1% of the ICUs were managed with a closed system. In total, 35.8% (n=24) of ICUs were levels of care (LOC) 2 and 64.2% (n=43) were LOC 3. The median total numbers of ICU beds, LOC 2, and LOC 3 beds were 12 (8-23), 14 (10-25), and 12 (8-20), respectively. The median number of ventilators was 12 (7-21) and that of ventilators with non-invasive ventilation mode was 11 (6-20). The median numbers of patients per physician during day and night were 3.9 (2.3-8) and 13 (9-23), respectively. The median number of patients per nurse was 2.5 (2-3.1); 88.1% of the nurses were certified by national certification corporation. CONCLUSION: In terms of the number of staff, there is a need for specialist physicians, especially during the night and nurses in our country. It was thought that the number of ICU-certified nurses was comparatively sufficient, yet the target was supposed to be 100% for this rate.

Introduction: One day point prevalence study to evaluate patient profile in ICUs was planned by Turkish Thoracic Society Respiratory Failure and Intensive Care Group. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and data were obtained by a questionnaire in participating ICUs on October 26th 2016 for 24 hours. A questionnaire evaluating characteristics of patients in ICU was prepared. A total of 78 units declared to participate in the survey. Results: Ten centers were excluded from the study because they couldn’t participate on study day. A total of 922 patients were enrolled from 68 units. The mean age was 64.8 ± 17.9 (17-99), 58.6% were male. The mean APACHE II, QSOFA and GCS scores on the study day were 18.5 ± 8.8, 1.4 ±1.4 and 10.2 ± 4.3, respectively, and mean length of stay (LOS) was 20 ± 70 days. The patients were admited from emergency room(44%[n=407]), clinics(39%[n=359]) and other ICUs(17%[n=156]).38.5% of patients had Type 1 respiratory failure(RF),35.6% had Type 2 RF. Comorbidity was seen in 80.6% and malignancy rate was 18.8%. On the study day it was found that 52.1% of the patients underwent invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV),12.3% of the patients had non-invasive ventilation(NIV) 29.1% of them had oxygen therapy. Tracheostomy was performed in 19.7% of patients. 70% of the patients had enteral, 20.7% had parenteral nutrition. The discharge rate was 7% while mortality was 1.1% on that day. Discussion: Most of the patients in ICUs are respiratory failure cases admited from emergency department and clinics. Advanced age, presence of comorbidities and cancer are thought to prolong LOS in ICU. For effective use of ICU beds further regulations for patient admission criteria is necessary.

aydin, ilhan/0000-0001-6880-4935; AYDIN, ILHAN/0000-0001-8333-3852; Kumlu, Metin/0000-0002-9441-3812 WOS: 000368271800018 The effects of four different rearing temperatures (15, 18, 21, and 24 degrees C) on reversed asymmetry and larval development in the hatchery-reared larvae of the flounder, Platichthys flesus luscus, were investigated in this study. Incidence of reversed asymmetry (sinistral forms) were found to be 13.0, 10.4, 11.6 and 21.3% at 15, 18, 21 and 24 degrees C, respectively. the sinitrality rate was not affected by temperature between 15 degrees C and 21 degrees C, while this incidence was significantly higher at 24 degrees C (P

We assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MDR1 gene C3435T predicted the outcome of platinum-based chemotherapies and survival in our non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 79 non-small cell lung cancer patients were enrolled to study. We determined the MDR1 C3435T single nucleotide gene polymorphisms. Median age was 60. years: 91.7% male, 8.9% female. We found that CC, CT, TT genotype and T, C allele frequencies in lung cancer patients as 24.1%, 62%, 13.9% and 44.3%, 55.7%, respectively. Patients with CT genotype had a higher response rate (11.4%) than the other genotypes. However, this difference is not statistically significant (. p=. 0.743). Cox regression analysis for overall survival showed that ECOG PS status 0 (HR PS 1 vs. 0, 5.68 . p=. 0.002; HR of PS 2 vs. 0 is 21.579, . p=. 0.001; HR of PS 3 vs. 0 is 35.35, . p=. 0.001), stage ≤. II (HR of stage III vs. I. +. II is 17.77; . p=. 0.016, HR of stage IV vs. I. +. II is 26.97, . p=. 0.006), and albumin level ≥. 3. g/dl (HR of albumin

In this study, biological characteristics i.e. sex and age distribution, growth (in length and weight), growth rates, and condition factor of sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus) from the Eastern Blak Sea coast have been examined. The percentage of females and males was 57.53 % and 42.47 % out of 372 specimens which ranged between age group I and IV. Age groups II and III were also predominant in the catch composition. The mean length values were 10.72±0.052 cm for females, 10.67±0.253 cm for males and 10.69±0.038 for both sexes (female+male). The length and weight differences between females and males were not signifıcant (P>0.05). The length-weight relationship and growth equations for females and males were estimated as foilows, respectively: W=2.1411x10-3xL3.4569 W=2.0463x10-3xL3.4746 Lt=14.622 [1-e-0.2975(t+1.8824)] Lt=13.373[1-e-0.4177(t+I.2988)] Wt=22.801[1-e-0.2975(t+1.8824)]3.4569, Wt = 16.756[1-e-0.4177(t+12988)]3.4746 Condition factor differences between females and males in age group IV was signifıcant ( P

In this study, the following biological characteristics of picarel (Spicara smaris, Linnaeus 1758) in the Eastern Black Sea Coast have been examined: sex and age distribution, growth in length and weight, growth rates, condition factor and spawning period. A total of 456 individuals, ranged between age groups I-VI, have been composed by 61.41 % females, 38.58 a/o males. The length and weight differences between females and males were significant in age group II (P

The spawning period, total fecundity, egg size, and fertilization and hatching rates of wild and hatchery-reared flounder, Platichthys flesus luscus, are investigated in this report. Wild and hatchery-reared broodstock consisted of 18 females (452.8 ± 193.2 g) and 17 females (138.9 ± 47.4 g), respectively. The spawning period lasted 79 days, from 22 January to 10 April. Mean total fecundity was 285 ± 157.9 × 103 per female for wild broodstock while it was 115.6 ± 53.6 × 103 eggs for hatchery-reared broodstock. The fertilization and hatching rates were 38.2 ± 17.0% and 62.3 ± 24.1% for wild and 45.3 ± 22.7% and 54.8 ± 26.5% for hatchery-reared broodstock, respectively. The reproductive parameters of wild and hatchery-reared flounder in the Black Sea were similar., Doğadan yakalanan ve kültürü yapılan pisi, Platichthys fl esus luscus anaçlarında yumurtlama zamanı, toplam yumurta verimi, yumurta çapı, döllenme ve çıkış oranı belirlenmiştir. Doğadan yakalanan 18 balığın ortalama ağırlığı 452,8 ± 193,2 g dır. On sekiz adet kültür balığının ortalama ağırlığı ise 138,9 ± 47,4 g dır. Yumurtlama 22 Ocak 10 Nisan arasında 79 gün devam etmiştir. Ortalama toplam yumurta verimi doğadan yakalanan balıklar için 285 ± 157,9 × 103 ve kültür balıkları için ise 115,6 ± 53,6 × 103 yumurta/anaçtır. Döllenme ve çıkış oranları sırası ile doğadan yakalanan grup için % 38,2 ± 17,0, % 62,3 ± 24,1 ve kültür balıkları için % 45,3 ± 22,7, % 54,8 ± 26,5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, doğadan yakalanan ve kültürü yapılan pisisinin üreme performansı benzer olduğu görülmüştür.

To establish a seed production technique for Black Sea turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, eggs and larvae were observed under artificial rearing conditions. Larvae were obtained artificially from eggs of tank-held broodstock. The egg fertilization was 27.6% and the fertilized eggs were 1.213±0.063 mm in diameter, were spherical pelagic and had one oil globule. From an initial length of 3.12±0.14 mm on day 0, the larvae grown to 167.28±15.32 mm in the normal group and to 159.98±12.25 mm in the abnormal group on day 246. The feeding regime consisted of Nannochloropsis oculata, Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia, and granule feed. The survival rates were 5.2% on day 60, and 4.59% on day 246. High mortality of larvae occurred within 15 days of hatching, during the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding and from rotifer to Artemia-feeding. The present study demonstrated that adult Black Sea turbot can be obtained from the wild, and from broodstock management and artificial spawning in captivity, and larval rearing can be achieved successfully., Karadenizdeki kalkan bal›¤›, Scophthalmus maximus, yavru üretim tekni¤ini gelifltirmek için yumurta ve larvalar yapay koflullar alt›nda incelendi. Larvalar tanklarda tutulan anaçlardan al›nan yumurtalardan elde edildi. Yumurta döllenme oran› 27.6%, döllenmifl yumurtalar 1.213±0.063 mm çapl›, bir ya¤ damlac›kl›, küresel ve pelajik özellikte idi. Yumurtadan ç›kt›ktan sonra larvalar; ilk boylar› 3.12±0.14 mm'den 246. günde normal grupta 167.28±15.32 mm, anormal grupta 159.98±12.25 mm'ye ulaflt›. Nannochloropsis oculata, Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia, ve granül yemeden oluflan yemleme sistemi ile yaflama oran› 60. günde %5.20, 246. günde %4.59 olarak gerçekleflti. Larval ölümler yumurtadan ç›k›fltan sonraki 15 gün içinde, iç beslenmeden d›fl beslenmeye ve rotifer ile beslenmeden Artemia ile beslenmeye geçifl sürecinde oldukça yükseldi. Bu çal›flma, yetiflkin Karadeniz kalkan›n›n do¤adan temin edilebilece¤ini ve anaç bak›m›, yapay yumurta al›m› ve yavru üretiminin baflar›l› bir flekilde gerçeklefltirilebilece¤ini göstermifltir.

Background Clinical observations suggest that vitamin D may influence fibromyalgia etiology. FMS and vitamin D deficiency share a similar symptom profile; the relationship between these conditions is unclear. Vitamin D receptor is a crucial mediator of the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency. Thus, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms or haplotypes may contribute to vitamin D resistance. Objectives This study evaluated the clinical relationship between FMS and vitamin D gene among Turkish FMS patients. Methods 73 patients with FMS were diagnosed according to the ACR 2010 criteria; the control group included 61 healthy unrelated volunteers. The rs2228570 (Fok I), rs1544410 (Bsm I), rs7975232 (Apa I) and (rs731236) Taq I polymorphisms were examined using PCR-RFLP. Results In individual SNP analyses, none of the snps have been found to be associated with FMS (p values are 0.491, 0.477, 0.207, and 0.736 respectively). However, it has been detected that there is a strong association between haplotypes of VDR gene polymorphisms and FMS. As a result of this study, the effect of haplotypes is shown to be both risky and protective. P value of risk haplotypes ATC (rs2228570, rs1544410, rs7975232) is 0,015 (26,5%) and TTT is 0,0068 (12,8%). The p value of collected risk haplotypes (ATC, TTT) is 0,006 (39,3%) and (ATC, TGT, and TTT) 0,000009 (58,7%). Frequent protective haplotype TTC is 0,0385 (6,8%). The p value of collected protective haplotypes (ATT, TCG, and TTC) is 0,008 (38%). Conclusions The present study is the first study evaluating VDR gene in patients with FMS. Our results suggest that haplotypes in VDR are strongly associated with fibromyalgia expressing both risk and protective effect. Our findings may help guide future research needed to define the role of vitamin D in FMS. Disclosure of Interest None declared