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Introduction Diabulimia is known as an eating disorder specific to individuals with diabetes. Objectives In this study, it was aimed to determine the diabulimia risk and to evaluate the possible relationships between diabulimia risk and diet quality, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Material and methods In total, 110 adolescents (male: 51.8%, female: 48.2%) with type 1 diabetes between 10–19 years were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics and information about diabetes of adolescents were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers through face-to-face interview technique. Anthropometric measurements and 3-day food consumption records were obtained to evaluate their nutritional status, and their biochemical parameters were obtained from hospital files to evaluate their metabolic status. The diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015. Diabetes Eating Problem Survey was administered to individuals and it was accepted that diabetics with a total score of ≥ 20 were at risk of diabetes-related eating disorders. Results/Conclusion Among the 110 adolescents included in this study, 31.8% were found to be at risk of diabulimia. There was a significant relationship between the groups with and without diabulimia risk in terms of diet quality scores (P

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. Although enuresis is a very common disorder in child diagnosed with ADHD, it may also develop because of methylphenidate.Authors report here on a child case of ADHD that developed a probable enuresis related to methylphenidate.Clinicians should be aware that methylphenidate used in ADHD causes dose-dependent enuresis.

Selective mutism is a rare childhood anxiety disorder characterized by the inability to speak in certain social situations in which speech is expected, despite speaking fluently in other situations. The average age of onset for selective mutism is 2 to 5 years old, but symptoms may not be noticed until starting school. The cause is still not known and the prevalence varies between 0.03% and 1%. Psychopharmacology and psychotherapeutic approaches are recommended in the treatment. Although the treatment is difficult, early diagnosis is one of the good prognostic factors. In this case report, we aimed to discuss the psychiatric and sociocultural functionality of a 17-year-old adolescent with selective mutism. Our case is remarkable as she has not been treated for many years. Her treatment continues with psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Recognition of selective mutism and getting support on this issue will help to solve the problem.

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by patterns of delay and deviance in the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills that arise in the first years of life. Although many approaches were investigated for the behavioral problems in ASD, investigations of the treatment of inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISB) were still so rare. Mirtazapine has been a promising intervention for the ISB which do not decrease with behavioral interventions recently. In this case, we aimed to present the dramatic benefit of mirtazapine in a 14-year-old autistic boy with inappropriate sexual behaviors.

Objective: The diet quality of adolescents with type 1 diabetes is shaped by some individual factors. These include age, gender, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and adaptation to diabetes treatment. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the diet quality of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Material and Methods: The sample in this study consisted of adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were followed in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ankara between July 2017-January 2018. The research data was collected using the face-to-face interview technique with a questionnaire. The physical activity levels of the individuals were determined using a ‘24-hour physical activity level detection form (short)’. Three-day food consumption records were taken and evaluated via BeBiS. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 was used to determine diet quality. Results: The study was conducted with a total of 110 adolescents (M:51.8%; F:48.2%) with type 1 diabetes in the 10-19 age range (mean age:14.0±2.40 years). Only 15.5% of all individuals have good diet quality. In a linear regression model formed by the variables of exercise status, physical activity type, and PAL value of individuals, a positive significant relationship was found between exercise status and diet quality (χ2 (1,n=110)=1.392, p, Amaç: Tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesi bazı bireysel faktörlere göre değişebilmektedir. Bunlar yaş, cinsiyet, sosyodemografik özellikler, yaşam tarzı alışkanlıkları ve diyabet tedavisine uyumu içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesini etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmanın örneklemini, Temmuz 2017- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Endokrinolojisi Anabilim Dalı’nda takip edilen tip 1 diyabetli adolesanlar oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ‘24 saatlik fiziksel aktivite düzeyi tespit formu (kısa) ‘ile belirlenmiştir. Üç günlük besin tüketim kayıtları alınmış ve BeBis ile değerlendirilmiştir. Diyet kalitesini belirlemek için Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2010 kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma, 10-19 yaş aralığında (ortalama: 14,0±2,40 yıl) 57’si erkek (%51,8), 53’ü kadın (%48,2) olmak üzere toplam 110 tip 1 diyabetli adolesan ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm bireylerin sadece %15,5’i iyi diyet kalitesine sahipti. Diyet kalitesinin cinsiyete göre dağılımı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. (p>0,05). Bireylerin egzersiz durumu, fiziksel aktivite türü ve PAL değeri değişkenlerinden oluşan doğrusal regresyon modelinde egzersiz durumu ile diyet kalitesi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (χ2 (1,n=110)=1,392, p

Divalproex sodium/valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug which is frequently prescribed in neurology and psychiatric clinics. Common side effects of VPA are side effects of the digestive system, weight gain, tremor, sedation, hematologic side effects and hair loss. Valproate-induced hyperammonemia is almost seen in 50% of patients treated with VPA, some of which may develop encephalopathy. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (NE) is a well-known subject and there are numerous publications in the current literature. Although there is substantial evidence for this side effect in patients with neurological disorders, the data in the psychiatric area are limited. When we look at publications, it seems that VHE is seen more often because it starts earlier in psychiatric patients, but we think that it is often missed. Here, we presented five cases in which we followed up and treated with VHE diagnosis in our clinic within one year and other reports published previously in a table.

Introduction:Chest pain is the second most common reason for referral to paediatric cardiologists after benign heart murmurs. Aetiology frequently depends on non-cardiac reasons. In addition, individuals may experience non-cardiac chest pain which is idiopathic or of unknown origin. The aim of this study is to examine psychological symptoms in children and adolescents with medically unexplained chest pain.Methods:A total of 76 patients (ages 8–18 years) were included in the study, who were referred to the paediatric cardiology department with the complaint of chest pain but did not have any detected cardiac aetiology or any other organic causes of chest pain. The control group was composed of 51 healthy volunteers. Self-evaluation scales were given to both groups which included Beck Anxiety Inventory and Children’s Depression Inventory. Also parents of both groups completed the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale for assessment of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Results:Anxiety scores of the non-cardiac chest pain group were significantly higher compared to controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression scores. In patient group, patterns were similar for boys and girls and for children and adolescents; except girls scored significantly higher than boys in children’s depression inventory.Conclusions:In children and adolescents, non-cardiac chest pain is associated with increased levels of anxiety. These results show the importance of psychiatric evaluation in non-cardiac chest pain patients. Larger controlled studies are needed to determine the prevalence and impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression in children and adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain.

Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) heterojen birnörogelişimsel bozukluktur. Etiyo­lojisinde genetik ve erken dönemde maruzkalınan çevresel faktörler önemli bir rol oynar. Bu faktörler, ayrıca OSB’liçocuklarda konjenital anomalilerin prevalansını da etkiler. Bu ça­lışmada Türktoplumunda OSB’li erkek hastalarda genital anomali prevalansını saptamakamaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: OSB’li 11–316aylık 524 çocuğun verileri geriye dönük olarak incelendi. OSB tanısı, genelolarak ölçüm araçları ile değil, klinik muayeneler ile konmuştu. Bulgular: Hastaların 432’si(%82,4) erkek, 92’si (%17,6) kızdı. 432 (%4,4) erkek hastanın 19’u herhangi birgenital anomaliye sahipti. Bu 19 hastanın 10’una (%52) kriptorşidizm (çalışma­mızdagörülen en yaygın genital anomali) tanısı konduğu saptandı. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Bazılimitasyonları olmakla birlikte, bu çalışma Türk toplumunda OSB’li erkek çocuklardagenital anomali komorbiditesini araştıran büyük örneklemli az sayıdaki çalışmadanbiridir ve incelenen grupta erkek genital anomali insidansının yüksek olduğunugöstermiştir., Aims: Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental con­ditions, and geneticshas a key role in the etiology, in connection with developmentally earlyenvironmental factors. These factors also affect the prevalence of congenitalanomalies in children with ASD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence ofgenital anomalies in male patients with ASD in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Data of524 children with ASD aged between 11 and 316 months were examinedretrospectively. The diagnosis was mostly established by clinical expressionand examination, rather than assessment using the formal tools. Results: Four hundred andthirty-two (82.4%) of the children were male and 92 (%17.6) were female. Only19 of the 432 (4.4%) boys were diagnosed with a genital anomaly. Ten of the 19patients (52%) was diagnosed with cryptorchidism, which was the most commongenital anomaly in our study. Discussion and Conclusion: Despite having some limitations, this study isone of the few studies with a large population that investigate the comorbidityof genital anomalies in boys with ASD in the Turkish population, and showedthat male genital anomalies had a high incidence in the sample included.

WOS: 000440051200002, Object: We aimed to compare the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and the optic nerve thicknesses (ONT) of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to a healthy control group; and the possible worse effect of the Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Methods: 31 patients, (n=16 ADHD and n=15 ADHD+ODD) and a control group of 31 participants included. The Conners' Teachers Rating Scale and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale were used for the severity of the symptoms in children. Ophthalmologic measurements performed with optic coherence tomography device. Results: In this study, different ophthalmologic measurements (RNFL, GCL and optic nerve thicknesses) are compared between ADHD children and controls. Results show primarily bilateral thinner GCL in ADHD children compared to controls, which is the first demonstration. Optic nerve thicknesses of right eye inferior quadrant and left eye superior quadrant, as well as mean optic nerve thickness of left eye, and furthermore both eyes total GCL thickness measurement averages with also their thicknesses in superior, inferior area of patient group were found as statistically lower (p

kabatas, emrah utku/0000-0002-0364-3103 WOS: 000358385400025 PubMed: 25800865 Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) frequently have ophthalmologic disorders. Due to poor cooperation with ophthalmological examination, ocular abnormalities in such children may be overlooked. We retrospectively studied the records of 324 patients diagnosed as ASD that underwent ophthalmological examination between January 2011 and November 2014 at Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Ophthalmic pathology was noted in 26.9 % of patients with ASD, of which 22 % had significant refractive errors and 8.6 % had strabismus. Comprehensive eye examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist is recommended for all children diagnosed as ASD.

Aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ)-the extended version. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) has two versions: a shorter one, which has been validated for sleep-related breathing disorders, and an extended version, which deals with a wider range of sleep disturbances.After translation and back-translation of the PSQ, it was filled in by the parents of 99 patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 34 patients with Upper Airway Resistance and Snoring (UARS), and 42 healthy controls. Cronbach alpha was computed as a measure of internal consistency along with test-retest reliability and item-total score correlations. We used principal components analysis and varimax rotation to investigate the factor structure. The Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cut-off points, sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values.Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.77 for the whole questionnaire. Similar to the original PSQ study, we found four factors, namely "Snoring," "Behavioral Problems," "Breathing Problems," and "Other Problems.". However, different items loaded to these factors. While the first three factors were reliable and valid, this was not the case for the last factor. ADHD patients had higher "Breathing Problems" score than the controls, while all sleep related problems were higher in the UARS group than the other two groups. Cut-off points obtained from the ROC curves indicated that when a PSQ total score of 6 points was used as a cut-off, UARS group and the controls could be discriminated easily. In order to discriminate the ADHD and UARS groups, using the "Total Sleep Problems Score", which did not include the "Behavioral Problems" factor, resulted in greater specificty and sensitivity.These results indicated that the Turkish version of the PSQ was a valid and reliable measure, that the PSQ total score could discriminate patients with primary sleep disorder from healthy controls, and that the "Total Sleep Problems Score", which was obtained by omitting the Behavioral Problems factor score, could be used to discriminate primary sleep problems from secondary sleep problems associated with ADHD.

Purpose: Ophthalmic problems are reported to be common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and strabismus is of particular importance. We aimed to investigate the outcomes of strabismus management in cases with ASD and identify the impact of optical or surgical correction of the strabismus on the child using a questionnaire for parents. Methods: A survey was designed to assess parents’ perceptions of pre-management and post-management quality of life in 41 children aged 5–17 years with ASD and strabismus using a questionnaire with 10 questions, including three subscales. Results: Significant improvements were noted after management in functional limitations (P < 0.01), psychosocial interactions (P < 0.01), and ocular alignment (P < 0.01) subscales. Conclusion: This is the first study of the literature that investigated the impact of ocular re-alignment on behavioral patterns and social interactions of children with ASD and strabismus.

OZET: Pediatrik bipolar bozukluk manik donem belirtilerinin dikkat eksikligi ve hiperaktivite bozuklugu belirtileri ile karsilastirilmasi Amac: Eriskin bipolar bozuklugu cogunlukla epizodik seyir gostermektedir. Ancak pediatrik bipolar bozuklukta karma epizodlar ve hizli dongu eriskin bipolar bozukluga gore daha sik gorulen durumlardir ve beraberinde Dikkat Eksikligi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklugu (DEHB) tanisi siklikla bulunmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci pediatrik bipolar bozukluk tanisi almis bir grup hastada bu bozuklugun klinik karakteristik ozelliklerini belirlemek ve bu ozellikle- ri DEHB tanisi olan hastalar ile karsilastirmaktir. Yontem: Orneklem DSM-IV tani kritelerine gore pedi- atrik bipolar bozukluk manik donem ve DEHB tanilari konulmus olan 19'ar cocuk veya ergen hastadan olus- maktadir. Hastaligin baslama yasi, belirtiler ve es tanilar analiz edilmistir. Daha sonra iki grup Child Mania Rating Scale ile belirlenmis olan hastalik belirtileri bakimindan karsilastirilmistir. Bulgular: Irritabl duygudurum (%94), hizli duygudurum dalgalanmalari (%89), sanrilar (%94), isitsel (%63) ve gorsel hallusinasyonlar (%43) bipolar bozuklugu olan hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamli olarak daha sik saptanmistir. Hareketlilik, dikkat eksikligi ve irritabilite oranlari bakimindan her iki grup arasinda anlamli fark bulunmamistir. Sonuc: Bipolar bozuklugu olan cocuk ve ergenlerde hizli dongu, irritabl duygudurum ve psikotik belirtiler sik ola- rak gorulmektedir ancak irritabilite bipolar bozukluk icin spesifik bir semptom degildir.

The etiology of autism is unclear, however autism is considered as a multifactorial disorder that is influenced by neurological, environmental, immunological and genetic factors. Growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), play an important role in the celluler proliferation and the differentiation of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this study we hypothesized that EGF may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism and examined serum EGF levels in children with autism. We measured serum levels of EGF in the 27 autistic children and 28 age- matched normal controls. The serum levels of EGF in the subjects with autism were significantly higher than those of normal control subjects. However, there were no correlations between serum EGF levels and clinical variables in the subjects with autism. This is the first report demonstrating the increased serum levels of EGF in children with autism. This study suggests that increased levels of EGF might have an importance in the pathophysiology of autism.

Purpose: Results from both subjective andobjective studies have reported that childrenwith Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) had higher sleep-related problems than controls. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between sleep problems and ADHD subtypes and ADHD comorbidities. Method: Subjects were 73 ADHD patients and 41 healthy controls mean age of 8,9 ± 2,8 (SD) who diagnosed with Kiddie –SADS-Present and Lifetime version (KSADS-PL), a semi-structured clinical schedule. Parents completed Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) to assess sleep-related problems. Findings: Subjects with ADHD had higher PSQ Behavior, Sleepiness and Other Problems scores when compared with control subjects. ADHD subjects also had higher Breathing score, which showed a statistical trend to significance (p=0.08). PSQ Sleepiness, Breathing and Other problems scores were not different between subjects with combined type or inattnetive types of ADHD. Comorbidity did not significantly effect PSQ scores. Results: The results are compatible with the previous literature and showed that ADHd cases have significantly higher sleep-related problems, but there is no significant relationship between ADHD comorbidities and level of sleep problems.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul 7. sınıf fen bilimleri öğretim programı “vücudumuzdaki sistemler” ünitesinde yer alan bilgileri öğrencilerin günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirme durumlarını tespit etmeye yönelik, eşit birimli, genellenebilir ve programdaki kazanımlara uygun bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmaya Giresun ili merkez ve Bulancak ilçesi Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı 11 ortaokulun 7. sınıfında öğrenim gören 611 öğrenci katılmıştır. “Vücudumuzdaki Sitemler Ünitesi Günlük Yaşamla İlişkilendirme Ölçeği” maddelerinin cevap seçenekleri doğru, yanlış ve bilmiyorum şeklinde hazırlanmış olup doğru cevaplar 1 puan, yanlış ve bilmiyorum şeklindeki cevaplar ise 0 puan olarak puanlandırılmıştır. Madde Analizi sonuçlarına göre “Vücudumuzdaki Sitemler Ünitesi Günlük Yaşamla İlişkilendirme Ölçeği” için ortalama madde ayrıt edicilik gücü 0,42, madde güçlüğü 0,64 olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa güvenilirlik katsayısı 0,93 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Objective:Autism is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder with an aetiology that is not fully understood. Published findings have identified widespread changes in the immune systems of children with autism. The latest findings show that the pathophysiology of autism may be associated with cellular immunity. Neopterin is a good indicator of cellular immunity, and changes in neopterin may have diagnostic importance.Methods:The study group consisted of 23 patients with autism. An age- and gender-matched control group was composed of 21 healthy subjects. Venous blood samples were collected, and the levels of neopterin were measured.Results:The levels of neopterin were significantly higher in the autistic children than in the comparison subjects.Conclusions:Cellular immunity may have a role in the aetiopathogenesis of autism. Increased serum neopterin levels may have diagnostic importance in autism.

The autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of which the diagnosis depends on a ‘triad’ of deficits comprising impaired social interaction, impaired communication and restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Hyperlexia is a syndrome observed in children who have the following characteristics: A precocious ability to read words, far above what would be expected at their chronological age or an intense fascination with letters or numbers, significant difficulty in understanding verbal language, abnormal social skills, and difficulty in socializing and interacting appropriately with people. In 1981, Niikawa and Kuroki described a group of patients who had characteristic facial features, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, short stature, and mental retardation. Since, their facial features resembled the make-up actors in Kabuki, the traditional Japanese play, the term ‘Kabuki make-up syndrome’ was suggested (Niikawa and Matsuura 1981; Kuroki et al. 1981). Several patients with Kabuki Syndrome have been found to have autism or autistic-like behavior, with difficulties in both communication and peer interactions (Adam and Hudgins 2005; Ho and Eaves 1997). There exists no clinically available genetic test to confirm the diagnosis. However, five principal displays were defined; ‘Peculiar face’ in 100% of their patients, skeletal anomalies in 92% of their patients, dermatoglyphic abnormalities in 93% of their patients, mild to moderate mental retardation in 92% of their patients, postnatal growth deficiency in 83% of their patients (Adam and Hudgins 2005). In this report, there are some unreported situations for KS with autism, like the pregnancy is occurred by in-vitrofertilization, high-rated IQ and hyperlexia. Because of these situations is different in literature we would like to report and discuss this case.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children that shows comorbidity with several psychopathology included stuttering. The prefrontal cortex is the area of brain that sends and receives projections from virtually all cortical sensory systems, motor systems, and many subcortical structures. It has been shown that psychostimulant medication increases activation of the inferior prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia. Both functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies show that psychostimulant medication improves executive functions. Verbal fluency is also considered as one of the executive functions. In this article, we report osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) methylphenidate treatment effectiveness of stuttering that combined with ADHD.