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We consider positive Jacobi matrices $J$ with compact inverses and consequently with purely discrete spectra. A number of properties of the corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials is studied including the convergence of their zeros, the vague convergence of the zero counting measures and of the Christoffel--Darboux kernels on the diagonal. Particularly, if the inverse of $J$ belongs to some Schatten class, we identify the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence of orthogonal polynomials and express it in terms of its regularized characteristic function. In the even more special case when the inverse of $J$ belongs to the trace class we derive various formulas for the orthogonality measure, eigenvectors of $J$ as well as for the functions of the second kind and related objects. These general results are given a more explicit form in the case when $-J$ is a generator of a Birth--Death process. Among others we provide a formula for the trace of the inverse of $J$. We illustrate our results by introducing and studying a modification of $q$-Laguerre polynomials corresponding to a determinate moment problem., Comment: 30 pages

We study Nevai's condition from the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the real line. We prove that a large class of measures with unbounded Jacobi parameters satisfies Nevai's condition locally uniformly on the support of the measure away from a finite explicit set. This allows us to give applications to relative uniform and weak asymptotics of Christoffel-Darboux kernels on the diagonal and to limit theorems for unconventionally normalized global linear statistics of orthogonal polynomial ensembles., Comment: 20 pages

We study spectrum of finite truncations of unbounded Jacobi matrices with periodically modulated entries. In particular, we show that under some hypotheses a sequence of properly normalized eigenvalue counting measures converge vaguely to an explicit infinite Radon measure. To do so we link the asymptotic behavior of the Christoffel-Darboux kernel on the diagonal with the limiting measure. Finally, we derive strong asymptotics of the associated orthogonal polynomials in the complex plane, which allows us to prove that Cauchy transforms of the normalized eigenvalue counting measures converge pointwise and which leads to a stronger notion of convergence., Comment: 56 pages

We explore to what extent the relation between the absolute continuous spectrum and non-existence of subordinate generalized eigenvectors, known for scalar Jacobi operators, can be formulated also for block Jacobi operators with $d$-dimensional blocks. The main object here which allows us to make some progress in the above direction is the new notion of the barrier nonsubordinacy. We prove that the barrier nonsubordinacy implies the absolute continuity for block Jacobi operators, thus it can be treated as a partial generalization of the non-existence of subordinate solutions. We also present an example showing that the reverse implication in general does not hold. Finally, we extend to $d \geq 1$ some well-known $d=1$ conditions guaranteeing the absolute continuity and we give applications of our results to some concrete classes of block Jacobi matrices., Comment: 50 pages

We study weak asymptotic behaviour of the Christoffel--Darboux kernel on the main diagonal corresponding to multiple orthogonal polynomials. We show that under some hypotheses the weak limit of $\tfrac{1}{n} K_n(x,x)\, d\mu$ is the same as the limit of the normalized zero counting measure of type II multiple orthogonal polynomials. We also study an extension of Nevai's operators to our context., Comment: 21 pages

We study Jacobi matrices with $N$-periodically modulated recurrence coefficients when the sequence of $N$-step transfer matrices is convergent to a non-trivial Jordan block. In particular, we describe asymptotic behavior of their generalized eigenvectors, we prove convergence of $N$-shifted Tur\'an determinants as well as of the Christoffel--Darboux kernel on the diagonal. Finally, by means of subordinacy theory, we identify their absolutely continuous spectrum as well as their essential spectrum. By quantifying the speed of convergence of transfer matrices we were able to cover a large class of Jacobi matrices. In particular, those related to generators of birth-death processes., Comment: 50 pages

We study orthogonal polynomials with periodically modulated recurrence coefficients when $0$ lies on the hard edge of the spectrum of the corresponding periodic Jacobi matrix. In particular, we show that their orthogonality measure is purely absolutely continuous on a real half-line and purely discrete on its complement. Additionally, we provide the constructive formula for the density in terms of Tur\'an determinants. Moreover, we determine the exact asymptotic behavior of the orthogonal polynomials. Finally, we study scaling limits of the Christoffel-Darboux kernel., Comment: 56 pages, 1 figure. It will appear at Annales de l'Institut Fourier

We study spectral properties of unbounded Jacobi matrices with periodically modulated or blended entries. Our approach is based on uniform asymptotic analysis of generalized eigenvectors. We determine when the studied operators are self-adjoint. We identify regions where the point spectrum has no accumulation points. This allows us to completely describe the essential spectrum of these operators., Comment: 40 pages

We study orthogonal polynomials with periodically modulated Jacobi parameters in the case when $0$ lies on the soft edge of the spectrum of the corresponding periodic Jacobi matrix. We determine when the orthogonality measure is absolutely continuous and we provide a constructive formula for it in terms of the limit of Tur\'an determinants. We next consider asymptotics of the solutions of associated second order difference equation. Finally, we study scaling limits of the Christoffel--Darboux kernel., Comment: 40 pages

We study spectral properties of bounded and unbounded complex Jacobi matrices. In particular, we formulate conditions assuring that the spectrum of the studied operators is continuous on some subsets of the complex plane and we provide uniform asymptotics of their generalised eigenvectors. We illustrate our results by considering complex perturbations of real Jacobi matrices belonging to several classes: asymptotically periodic, periodically modulated and the blend of these two. Moreover, we provide conditions implying existence of a unique closed extension. The method of the proof is based on the analysis of a generalisation of shifted Tur\'an determinants to the complex setting., Comment: 16 pages

For Jacobi parameters belonging to one of the three classes: asymptotically periodic, periodically modulated and the blend of these two, we study the asymptotic behavior of the Christoffel functions and the scaling limits of the Christoffel-Darboux kernel. We assume regularity of Jacobi parameters in terms of the Stolz class. We emphasize that the first class only gives rise to measures with compact supports., Comment: 47 pages

We study solutions of three-term recurrence relations whose $N$-step transfer matrices belong to the uniform Stolz class. In particular, we derive the first order of their uniform asymptotics. For orthonormal polynomials we show more. Namely, we find the constructive formula for the density of their orthogonality measure in terms of Tur\'an determinants and we determine their exact asymptotic behavior. We treat both bounded and unbounded cases in a uniform manner., Comment: 32 pages

We present pretty detailed spectral analysis of Jacobi matrices with periodically modulated entries in the case when $0$ lies on the soft edge of the spectrum of the corresponding periodic Jacobi matrix. In particular, we show that the studied operators are always self-adjoint irrespective of the modulated sequence. Moreover, if the growth of the modulated sequence is superlinear, then the spectrum of the considered operators is always discrete. Finally, we study regular perturbations of this class in the linear and the sublinear cases. We impose conditions assuring that the spectrum is absolute continuous on some regions of the real line. A constructive formula for the density in terms of Tur\'an determinants is also provided., Comment: 35 pages

We study the spectral properties of bounded and unbounded Jacobi matrices whose entries are bounded operators on a complex Hilbert space. In particular, we formulate conditions assuring that the spectrum of the studied operators is continuous. Uniform asymptotics of generalised eigenvectors and conditions implying complete indeterminacy are also provided., Comment: 27 pages

We give formulas for the density of the measure of orthogonality for orthonormal polynomials with unbounded recurrence coefficients. The formulas involve limits of appropriately scaled Tur\'an determinants or Christoffel functions. Exact asymptotics of the polynomials and numerical examples are also provided., Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

We study asymptotics of generalized eigenvectors associated with Jacobi matrices. Under weak conditions on the coefficients we identify when the matrices are self-adjoint and show that they satisfy strong non-subordinacy condition., Comment: 34 pages

We present an unified framework to identify spectra of Jacobi matrices. We give applications to long-standing conjecture of Chihara concerning one-quarter class of orthogonal polynomials, to the conjecture posed by Roehner and Valent concerning continuous spectra of generators of birth and death processes and to spectral properties of operators studied by Janas, Moszy\'nski and Pedersen., Comment: 15 pages