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This scientific paper focuses on the treatment of breast cancer, one of the most common cancers among women. Despite increased awareness and the popularity of screening tests, statistics indicate a significant rise in incidence. The paper presents breast-conserving treatment methods, including brachytherapy, as a modern technique with promising outcomes. It describes the physical properties of ionizing radiation used in brachytherapy, discussing the photoelectric effect, Compton effect, and the phenomenon of pair production. The paper then delves into the biological effects of ionizing radiation, emphasizing the dependence on the cell cycle phase. It highlights lethal, sublethal, and potentially lethal cellular damage, categorizing the effects of radiation interaction into early and late responses. The discussion transitions to the application of brachytherapy in breast cancer treatment, focusing on various techniques such as LDR, PDR, and HDR. The paper provides a detailed description of brachytherapy's use in breast-conserving treatment, considering contraindications, treatment planning, and Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) techniques. The radioisotopes used in brachytherapy are also presented, with special attention to Iridium-192. The physical and practical aspects related to this isotope are discussed, along with other commonly used radioisotopes such as Cesium-137, Cobalt-60, and Strontium-90. The paper concludes with a summary, emphasizing the significance of brachytherapy in breast cancer treatment and outlining its prospects for development. The authors highlight precision and shortened therapy duration. Aim of the study The following paper aims to present a review of current knowledge regarding brachytherapy in the treatment of breast cancer and the treatment outcomes associated with this method. The main goal is to raise awareness among healthcare professionals about current issues with improvement of breast cancer treatment procedures based on brachytherapy. Materials and methods This article presents the current state of knowledge about brachytherapy for breast cancer, as found in various scientific articles. The following English keywords and their Polish equivalents were used to search Google Scholar's medical databases: brachytherapy, conservative treatment, breast cancer, BT, MammoSite. The most relevant articles on the subject were selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Exosomes are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication. Exosomes have garnered significant interest in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties that support tissue repair, regeneration, and healing. These extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication, and their regenerative potential makes them promising tools in the field of regenerative medicine. Purpose of the study This review aims to present the regenerative properties of exosomes and their clinical applications in many fields of medicine. The main aim is to present exosomes as a substance that restores health, youth and vitality. Material and method Literature review was primarily based on scientific materials, English and Polish databases and original research. The following English keywords and its Polish equivalents were used to search Google Scholar and PubMed: "exosomes", "regenerative medicine", "stem cells". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the late 1960s, probable cases of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) emerged, initially linked to esophageal rings and congenital causes or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Doubts about the GERD association arose due to poor responses to antisecretory therapy. EoE is now a significant pediatric health concern, impacting 1 to 7 cases per 10,000 children. Purpose of the Study: This study aims to comprehensively explore EoE's epidemiology, etiology, subtypes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: The study employs a cross-sectional analysis of pediatric EoE patients, utilizing endoscopic evaluation and histological assessment. Three distinct EoE subtypes are identified based on pathogenic characteristics. Clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatments, including endoscopy, are examined. Results: Clinical manifestations span a broad spectrum in the pediatric population. Diagnostic methods include endoscopy, esophageal manometry, impedance-pH monitoring, capsule endoscopy, and string tests. Three distinct EoE subtypes are identified with unique characteristics. Treatment modalities involve dietary management, proton pump inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, biologic therapies, allergen immunotherapy, and endoscopic interventions. Conclusion: Formerly associated with GERD, EoE is now a significant pediatric health concern. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches and diverse treatment modalities, including promising biologic therapies and allergen immunotherapy. Understanding these aspects is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: Pneumonia's severity demands a thorough assessment, guided by CRB-65 and CURB-65 scales. This article underscores the crucial role of accurate interpretation and effective use of these scales, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of pneumonia for proficient severity assessment. Material and Method: The article identifies populations disproportionately affected by pneumonia, stressing the necessity of standardized severity assessment due to diverse clinical manifestations. It highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis through the integration of clinical evaluation, imaging, and laboratory tests. While CRB-65 and CURB-65 offer a systematic approach, potential pitfalls are discussed, emphasizing the risk of misinterpretation. Results: Principles for correct interpretation are outlined, emphasizing holistic evaluation, timely application, and clinical acumen. Common mistakes, including overreliance on scores and incomplete data collection, are identified. The discussion introduces advanced diagnostic techniques like biomarkers and imaging, enhancing severity assessment. Cardiac biomarkers and computed tomography contribute to refined evaluation, aligning with recommendations from renowned organizations. Conclusion: The integration of traditional tools with advanced diagnostics signifies a paradigm shift in pneumonia assessment. Emphasizing correct interpretation and avoiding common mistakes ensures a comprehensive approach. Recent research supports advanced diagnostic techniques, aligning with recommendations. The article advocates for continuous education and collaboration among healthcare professionals, contributing to improved patient outcomes and overall healthcare efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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