Author: "Ślęzak, M." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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174 results on '"Ślęzak, M."'

1. Imprinting of Antiferromagnetic Vortex States in NiO-Fe Nanostructures

Author: Ślęzak, M., Wagner, T., Bharadwaj, V. K., Gomonay, O., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Menteş, T. O., Locatelli, A., Zając, M., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., Dróżdż, P., and Ślęzak, T.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Magnetic vortices are topological spin structures frequently found in ferromagnets, yet novel to antiferromagnets. By combining experiment and theory, we demonstrate that in a nanostructured antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic NiO(111)-Fe(110) bilayer, a magnetic vortex is naturally stabilized by magnetostatic interactions in the ferromagnet and is imprinted onto the adjacent antiferromagnet via interface exchange coupling. We use micromagnetic simulations to construct a corresponding phase diagram of the stability of the imprinted antiferromagnetic vortex state. Our in depth analysis reveals that the interplay between interface exchange coupling and the antiferromagnet magnetic anisotropy plays a crucial role in locally reorienting the N\'eel vector out-of-plane in the prototypical in-plane antiferromagnet NiO and thereby stabilizing the vortices in the antiferromagnet.
Published: 2024

2. Transfer of magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Co/NiO/Fe trilayers

Author: Szpytma, M., Ślęzak, M., Janus, W., Nayyef, H., Ślęzak, T., Mandziak, A., Zając, M., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., Menteş, T. O., Jugovac, M., Locatelli, A., and Kozioł-Rachwał, A.
Published: 2024
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3. The impact of hydrostatic pressure, nonstoichiometry, and doping on trimeron lattice excitations in magnetite during axis switching

Author: Kołodziej, T., Piętosa, J., Puźniak, R., Wiśniewski, A., Król, G., Kąkol, Z., Biało, I., Tarnawski, Z., Ślęzak, M., Podgórska, K., Niewolski, J., Gala, M. A., Kozłowski, A., Honig, J. M., and Tabiś, W.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Trimeron lattice excitations in single crystalline magnetite, in the form of the $c$ axis switching (i.e. the reorganization of the lattice caused by external magnetic field) at temperatures below the Verwey temperature $T_V$ are observed by magnetization experiments. These excitations exhibit strong sensitivity to doping (with Zn, Al, and Ti), nonstoichiometry and hydrostatic pressure ($p < 1.2$ GPa). The considered indicators of the axis switching (AS) are: the switching field $B_{sw}$, the energy density needed to switch the axis $E_{sw}$ and the activation energy $U$. Our results show that hydrostatic pressure $p$ weakens the low$-T$ magnetite structure (decreases $T_V$) and has roughly similar effects on AS in Zn-doped Fe$_3$O$_4$ and, in much less extent, in stoichiometric magnetite. We have, however, found that while doping/nonstoichiometry also lowers $T_V$, making it more prone to temperature chaos, it drastically increases the switching field, activation and switching energies suggesting that the trimeron order, subject to change while AS occurs, is more robust. Consequently, we conclude that the manipulation of trimerons in the process of axis switching and the mechanisms leading to the Verwey transition are distinct phenomena., Comment: Manuscript contains Supplemental Material
Published: 2023
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4. Search for keV-scale Sterile Neutrinos with first KATRIN Data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with the first tritium data of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in the commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $1.6\, \mathrm{keV}$. We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of down to $\sin^2\theta < 5\cdot10^{-4}$ ($95\,\%$ C.L.), improving current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and $1.0\, \mathrm{keV}$.
Published: 2022

5. Search for Lorentz-Invariance Violation with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wickles, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Some extensions of the Standard Model of Particle Physics allow for Lorentz invariance and Charge-Parity-Time (CPT)-invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$, $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}$ which would manifest themselves in a non-isotropic beta-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first limit on $\left|(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}\right|$ of $< 3.7\cdot10^{-6}$ GeV at 90\% confidence level. Moreover, we derive new constraints on $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$.
Published: 2022
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6. KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond

Author: Aker, M., Balzer, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bombelli, L., Bormann, D., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brofferio, C., Bruch, C., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Cremonesi, O., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fink, D., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grande, A., Grössle, R., Gugiatti, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., King, P., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lechner, P., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Manfrin, D., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mazzola, E., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pigliafreddo, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Puritscher, M., Radford, D. C., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R. W. J., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Sedlak, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trigilio, P., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Voigt, P., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, E., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wunderl, L., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 beta decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN's design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 70 pages excluding references; 35 figures. Author list updated June 2023
Published: 2022
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7. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the direct cosmic relic neutrino background search from the first two science runs of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity of 9.7e10 (1.1e11) at a 90% (95%) confidence level. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint accounting for relic neutrino captures in the Tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous kinematic neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to <1e10 at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2022
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8. Improved eV-scale Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from the Second KATRIN Measurement Campaign

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second KATRIN measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, $3.76 \times 10^6$ tritium $\beta$-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to $40\,$eV below the tritium endpoint at $E_0 = 18.57\,$keV. We consider the $3\nu+1$ framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavor. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate $m_4^2\lesssim1600\,$eV$^2$ and active-to-sterile mixing $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 6 \times 10^{-3}$. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on $m_4^2$ and $|U_{e4}|^2$ at $95\,$% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small $\Delta m_{41}^2$ are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ through a robust spectral shape analysis., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2022
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9. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gupta, V., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, $m_{\nu}$, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at $18.6\,\mathrm{keV}$. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by $25\,\%$ with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on $m_{\nu}$ of $0.7\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ at $90\,\%$ confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields $m_{\nu}^2 = (0.26\pm0.34)\,\mathrm{eV^4/c^4}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.9\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.8\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL)., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2021

10. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Miniawy, A. El, Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Meier, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwachtgen, C., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $m_\nu$ of 0.2$\,$eV/c$^2$ (90% CL). For this purpose, the $\beta$-electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6$\,$keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $\beta$-electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the \linebreak energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T$_2$ gas mixture at 30$\,$K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino mass analyses, as well as a D$_2$ gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $\sigma(m_\nu^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level., Comment: 12 figures, 18 pages; to be submitted to EPJ C
Published: 2021
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11. The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Amsbaugh, J. F., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bast, J., Bauer, S., Bechtler, H., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bender, B., Berendes, R., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bettin, C., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bohn, J., Bokeloh, K., Bolz, H., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Bouquet, H., Boyd, N. M., Brunst, T., Burritt, T. H., Caldwell, T. S., Chaoui, Z., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Cox, G. A., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eichelhardt, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frenzel, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gehring, R., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Grimm, J., Grohmann, S., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Häßler, D., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Harper, G. C., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Held, M., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzmann, S., Horn, S., Hötzel, M., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., James, T., Jansen, A., Kaiser, M., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Klein, M., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Kumb, A., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M. L., Lehnert, B., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lewis, R. J., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mehret, K., Meloni, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Monreal, B., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Myers, A. W., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Parno, D. S., Peterson, D. A., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Renschler, P., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rupp, S., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sagawe, M., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Van Wechel, T. D., Vénos, D., Verbeek, A., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Vogt, K., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weingardt, H., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references
Published: 2021
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12. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Díaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Köllenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Müller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Vénos, D., Valerius, K., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the data set, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the $\beta$-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T$_2$ gas. The $\beta$ electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts $\beta$ electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90\% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology., Comment: 36 pages with 26 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2021
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13. Bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing from the first four-week science run of KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmueller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Boettcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Diaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, M. Fedkevych A., Formaggio, J. A., Fraenkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glueck, F., Groessle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hoehn, T., Hannen, V., Haussmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Koellenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalik, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Guennic, N. Le, Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Mueller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Roellig, M., Roettele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schaefer, P., Schimpf, L., Schloesser, M., Schloesser, K., Schlueter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Sefcik, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezak, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thuemmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Venos, D., Valerius, K., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wuestling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4} <$ 30 eV$^2$. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for $ 100 < \Delta{m}^2_{41} < 1000$ eV$^2$., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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14. Characterization of Silicon Drift Detectors with Electrons for the TRISTAN Project

Author: Mertens, S., Brunst, T., Korzeczek, M., Lebert, M., Siegmann, D., Alborini, A., Altenmüller, K., Biassoni, M., Bombelli, L., Carminati, M., Descher, M., Fink, D., Fiorini, C., Forstner, C., Gugiatti, M., Houdy, T., Huber, A., King, P., Lebeda, O., Lechner, P., Pantuev, V. S., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pozzi, S., Radford, D. C., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Trigilio, P., Urban, K., Vénos, D., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Yen, Y. -R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Sterile neutrinos are a minimal extension of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. A promising model-independent way to search for sterile neutrinos is via high-precision beta spectroscopy. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, equipped with a novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector focal plane array and read-out system, named the TRISTAN detector, has the potential to supersede the sensitivity of previous laboratory-based searches. In this work we present the characterization of the first silicon drift detector prototypes with electrons and we investigate the impact of uncertainties of the detector's response to electrons on the final sterile neutrino sensitivity., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 48 015008
Published: 2020
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15. Tunable interplay between exchange coupling and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial CoO/Au/Fe trilayers

Author: Nayyef, H., Świerkosz, E., Janus, W., Klimeczek, A., Szpytma, M., Zając, M., Dróżdż, P., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Ślęzak, T., and Ślęzak, M.
Published: 2023
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16. Tunable magnetic anisotropy of antiferromagnetic NiO in (Fe)/NiO/MgO/Cr/MgO(001) epitaxial multilayers

Author: Janus, W., Ślęzak, T., Ślęzak, M., Szpytma, M., Dróżdż, P., Nayyef, H., Mandziak, A., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., Zając, M., Jugovac, M., Menteş, T. O., Locatelli, A., and Kozioł-Rachwał, A.
Published: 2023
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17. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged
Published: 2019
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18. An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Barrett, J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eisenblätter, L., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Flatt, B., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gauda, K., Gemmeke, H., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Minh, M. Ha, Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kaboth, A., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalí, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Lichter, S., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Müller, K., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Naumann, U., Ndeke, W., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Phillips II, D. G., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Pouryamout, J., Prall, M., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Roll, Ch., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Venos, D., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Vianden, R., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wall, B. L., Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadorozhny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of $(-1.0^{+0.9}_{-1.1})$ eV$^2$. From this we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90$\%$ confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of two and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.
Published: 2019
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19. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Barrett, J., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Minh, M. Ha, Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lebert, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Megas, F., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Meier, M., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of beta-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV 90% CL. In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2019
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20. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometer's excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %., Comment: Fixed affiliation of the corresponding author
Published: 2019
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21. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, A., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $m_{\overline{\nu}_e}$ with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^2$ using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of 0.006 count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.
Published: 2019
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22. Memory of frozen and rotatable antiferromagnetic spins in epitaxial CoO(1 1 1)/Fe and NiO(1 1 1)/Fe bilayers

Author: Ślęzak, M., Nayyef, H., Dróżdż, P., Janus, W., Świerkosz, E., Szpytma, M., Zając, M., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2023
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23. The KATRIN Superconducting Magnets: Overview and First Performance Results

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, n W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, uE., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims for the determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass from the tritium beta-decay with an unprecedented sub-eV sensitivity. The strong magnetic fields, designed for up to 6~T, adiabatically guide $\beta$-electrons from the source to the detector within a magnetic flux of 191~Tcm$^2$. A chain of ten single solenoid magnets and two larger superconducting magnet systems have been designed, constructed, and installed in the 70-m-long KATRIN beam line. The beam diameter for the magnetic flux varies from 0.064~m to 9~m, depending on the magnetic flux density along the beam line. Two transport and tritium pumping sections are assembled with chicane beam tubes to avoid direct "line-of-sight" molecular beaming effect of gaseous tritium molecules into the next beam sections. The sophisticated beam alignment has been successfully cross-checked by electron sources. In addition, magnet safety systems were developed to protect the complex magnet systems against coil quenches or other system failures. The main functionality of the magnet safety systems has been successfully tested with the two large magnet systems. The complete chain of the magnets was operated for several weeks at 70$\%$ of the design fields for the first test measurements with radioactive krypton gas. The stability of the magnetic fields of the source magnets has been shown to be better than 0.01$\%$ per month at 70$\%$ of the design fields. This paper gives an overview of the KATRIN superconducting magnets and reports on the first performance results of the magnets.
Published: 2018
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24. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Linek, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rink, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rovedo, P., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to make a model-independent determination of the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^{2}$. It investigates the kinematics of $\beta$-particles from tritium $\beta$-decay close to the endpoint of the energy spectrum. Because the KATRIN main spectrometer (MS) is located above ground, muon-induced backgrounds are of particular concern. Coincidence measurements with the MS and a scintillator-based muon detector system confirmed the model of secondary electron production by cosmic-ray muons inside the MS. Correlation measurements with the same setup showed that about $12\%$ of secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface are induced by cosmic-ray muons, with approximately one secondary electron produced for every 17 muon crossings. However, the magnetic and electrostatic shielding of the MS is able to efficiently suppress these electrons, and we find that muons are responsible for less than $17\%$ ($90\%$ confidence level) of the overall MS background.
Published: 2018
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25. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author: KATRIN Collaboration, Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berendes, R., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buglak, W., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gil, W., Glück, F., Urena, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\,{\text{eV}/c^2}$ (90\% C.L.) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium \textbeta-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $\textsuperscript{219}$Rn and $\textsuperscript{220}$Rn, in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2018
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26. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at -18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN's commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $M=1972.449(10)$ of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration four years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018
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27. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium beta decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of Autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous Kr-83m was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed Kr-83m source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus., Comment: Minor updates; as published in JINST
Published: 2018
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28. Tailoring the exchange bias effect by in-plane magnetic anisotropy

Author: Ślęzak, M., Ślęzak, T., Dróżdż, P., Matlak, B., Matlak, K., and Korecki, J.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We report an unusual, non-monotonous dependence of the exchange bias on the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer in a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayer system. We show that in epitaxial CoO/Fe(110) bilayers, the evolution of the Fe magnetic anisotropy, which drives the thickness-induced in-plane spin-reorientation process, controls the interfacial CoO spin directions in the 0-90 degrees range and, consequently, drastically modifies the magnitude of the hysteresis loop shift and its dependence on the thickness of the Fe layer. Our results present a new recipe for tailoring the exchange bias and antiferromagnetic spin structure by utilizing the spin-reorientation process that occurs in a ferromagnetic layer adjacent to an antiferromagnetic layer., Comment: 3 figures
Published: 2017

29. Switching of Co magnetization driven by antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition of FeRh alloy in Co/FeRh bilayers

Author: Dróżdż, P., Ślęzak, M., Matlak, K., Matlak, B., Freindl, K., Korecki, J., and Ślęzak, T.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We show that Co spins in Co/FeRh epitaxial bilayers grown on W(110) switch reversibly between the two orthogonal in-plane directions as the FeRh layer undergoes temperature driven antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AFM-FM) phase transition. Switching of Co magnetization is characterized by a hysteretic behavior owing to a temperature hysteresis of the AFM-FM transition in FeRh. The spin reorientation of Co is driven by the evolution interfacial exchange coupling to FeRh system across the AFM-FM process. Our results provide a new method of writing information purely by a local temperature change.
Published: 2017
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30. Tailorable exchange bias and memory of frozen antiferromagnetic spins in epitaxial CoO(1 1 1)/Fe(1 1 0) bilayers

Author: Ślęzak, M., Dróżdż, P., Janus, W., Szpytma, M., Nayyef, H., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Zając, M., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2022
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31. Impact of ADC non-linearities on the sensitivity to sterile keV neutrinos with a KATRIN-like experiment

Author: Dolde, K., Mertens, S., Radford, D., Bode, T., Huber, A., Korzeczek, M., Lasserre, T., and Slezak, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: ADC non-linearities are a major systematic effect in the search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with tritium $\beta$-decay experiments like KATRIN. They can significantly distort the spectral shape and thereby obscure the tiny kink-like signature of a sterile neutrino. In this work we demonstrate various mitigation techniques to reduce the impact of ADC non-linearities on the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum to a level of $<$ ppm. The best results are achieved with a multi-pixel ($\geq10^4$ pixels) detector using full waveform digitization. In this case, active-to-sterile mixing angles of the order of $\sin^2 \theta = 10^{-7}$ would be accessible from the viewpoint of ADC non-linearities. With purely peak-sensing ADCs a comparable sensitivity could be reached with highly linear ADCs, sufficient non-linearity corrections or by increasing the number of pixels to $\geq 10^5$., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2016
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32. Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer

Author: Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bahr, M., Barrett, J. P., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blümer, J., Bodine, L. I., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Büsch, S., Burritt, T. H., Chilingaryan, S., Corona, T. J., De Viveiros, L., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Ebenhöch, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Furse, D., Ghilea, M., Gil, W., Glück, F., Urena, A. Gonzalez, Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hauÿmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Hötzel, M., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Krause, M., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Neuberger, M., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Röllig, M., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schwarz, J., Seiler, W., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiova, J., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Unru, A., Valerius, K., Venos, D., Vianden, R., Vöcking, S., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Winzen, D., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., and Zboril, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the beta-electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium beta-decay. An integral energy analysis will be performed by an electro-static spectrometer (Main Spectrometer), an ultra-high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m^3, and a complex inner electrode system with about 120000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the beta-electrons is provided by super-conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo-molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. A system consisting of 6 turbo-molecular pumps and 3 km of non-evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake-out at 300{\deg}C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10^{-11} mbar range. It is demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016., Comment: submitted for publication in JINST, 39 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2016
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33. Phonons in ultrathin oxide films - 2D to 3D transition in FeO on Pt(111)

Author: Spiridis, N., Zając, M., Piekarz, P., Chumakov, A. I., Freindl, K., Goniakowski, J., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Parliński, K., Ślęzak, M., Ślęzak, T., Wdowik, U. D., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., and Korecki, J.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: The structural and magnetic properties of ultrathin FeO(111) films on Pt(111) with thicknesses from 1 to 16 monolayers (ML) were studied using the nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) of synchrotron radiation. Distinct evolution of vibrational characteristics with thickness that is revealed in the phonon density of states (PDOS) witnesses a textbook transition from 2D to 3D lattice dynamics. For the thinnest films of 1 and 2 ML, the low energy part of the PDOS followed a linear dependence in energy that is characteristic for 2-dimensional systems. This dependence gradually transforms with thickness to the bulk ~E-square relation. Density functional theory phonon calculations perfectly reproduced the measured 1 ML PDOS within a simple model of a pseudomorphic FeO/Pt(111) interface. The calculations show that the 2D PDOS character is due to a weak coupling of the FeO film to the Pt(111) substrate. The evolution of the vibrational properties with an increasing thickness is closely related to a transient long range magnetic order and stabilization of an unusual structural phase.
Published: 2015
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34. Spin-flop coupling induced large coercivity enhancement in Fe/FeRh/W(110) bilayers across ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition of FeRh alloy

Author: Dróżdż, P., Ślęzak, M., Matlak, K., Kozioł–Rachwał, A., Korecki, J., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2020
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35. Oscillating magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Au/Fe(1 1 0) and Co/Au/Fe(1 1 0) films

Author: Ślęzak, M., Dróżdż, P., Matlak, K., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Korecki, J., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2020
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36. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and residual magnetic phases in gold-capped FeRh film on MgO(0 0 1)

Author: Dróżdż, P., Ślęzak, M., Matlak, K., Freindl, K., Spiridis, N., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Korecki, J., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2020
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37. Multiple spin reorientation transitions and large in plane magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Au/Co/Fe(1 1 0) films

Author: Ślęzak, M., Dróżdż, P., Matlak, K., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Korecki, J., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2019
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38. Ultra-stable implanted 83Rb/83mKr electron sources for the energy scale monitoring in the KATRIN experiment

Author: Zbořil, M., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Bonn, J., Dragoun, O., Jakůbek, J., Johnston, K., Kovalík, A., Otten, E. W., Schlösser, K., Slezák, M., Špalek, A., Thümmler, T., Vénos, D., Žemlička, J., and Weinheimer, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims at the direct model-independent determination of the average electron neutrino mass via the measurement of the endpoint region of the tritium beta decay spectrum. The electron spectrometer of the MAC-E filter type is used, requiring very high stability of the electric filtering potential. This work proves the feasibility of implanted 83Rb/83mKr calibration electron sources which will be utilised in the additional monitor spectrometer sharing the high voltage with the main spectrometer of KATRIN. The source employs conversion electrons of 83mKr which is continuously generated by 83Rb. The K-32 conversion line (kinetic energy of 17.8 keV, natural line width of 2.7 eV) is shown to fulfill the KATRIN requirement of the relative energy stability of +/-1.6 ppm/month. The sources will serve as a standard tool for continuous monitoring of KATRIN's energy scale stability with sub-ppm precision. They may also be used in other applications where the precise conversion lines can be separated from the low energy spectrum caused by the electron inelastic scattering in the substrate., Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, minor revision of the preprint, accepted by JINST on 5.2.2013
Published: 2012
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39. Impact of hydrostatic pressure, nonstoichiometry, and doping on trimeron lattice excitations in magnetite during axis switching

Author: Kołodziej, T., primary, Piętosa, J., additional, Puźniak, R., additional, Wiśniewski, A., additional, Król, G., additional, Kąkol, Z., additional, Biało, I., additional, Tarnawski, Z., additional, Ślęzak, M., additional, Podgórska, K., additional, Niewolski, J., additional, Gala, M. A., additional, Kozłowski, A., additional, Honig, J. M., additional, and Tabiś, W., additional
Published: 2023
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40. Investigation of Rheological Behaviour of Liquid and Semi-solid Magnesium Alloys of Mg–Zn–Al, Mg–Zn–RE Groups

Author: Ślęzak, M.
Published: 2019
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41. Driving the polar spin reorientation transition of ultrathin ferromagnets with antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition of nearby FeRh alloy film

Author: Dróżdż, P., Ślęzak, M., Janus, W., Szpytma, M., Nayyef, H., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Freindl, K., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., Korecki, J., and Ślęzak, T.
Published: 2020
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42. Interlayer exchange coupling, dipolar coupling and magnetoresistance in Fe/MgO/Fe trilayers with a subnanometer MgO barrier

Author: Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Skowroński, W., Frankowski, M., Chęciński, J., Ziętek, S., Rzeszut, P., Ślęzak, M., Matlak, K., Ślęzak, T., Stobiecki, T., and Korecki, J.
Published: 2017
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43. Patterns of plant species richness and composition in deciduous oak forests in relation to environmental drivers

Author: Slezák, M. and Axmanová, I.
Published: 2016

44. Mathematical Models For Calculating The Value Of Dynamic Viscosity Of A Liquid

Author: Ślęzak M.
Subjects: viscosity models, rheology, viscosity, viscosity of metals, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: The objective of this article is to review models for calculating the value of liquid dynamic viscosity. Issues of viscosity and rheological properties of liquid ferrous solutions are important from the perspective of modelling, along with the control of actual production processes related to the manufacturing of metals, including iron and steel. Conducted analysis within literature indicates that there are many theoretical considerations concerning the effect of viscosity of liquid metals solutions. The vast majority of models constitute a group of theoretical or semi-empirical equations, where thermodynamic parameters of solutions, or some parameters determined by experimental methods, are used for calculations of the dynamic viscosity coefficient.
Published: 2015
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45. Development of a silicon drift detector system for the TRISTAN project—Future search for sterile neutrinos

Author: Brunst, T., Mertens, S., Altenmüller, K., Houdy, T., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Alborini, A., Bombelli, L., Carminati, M., Fiorini, C., Fink, D., Lechner, P., Manotti, M., and Trigilio, P.
Published: 2019
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46. From Termination Dependent Chemical Sensitivity of Spin Orientation in All-bcc Fe/Co Magnetic Superlattices toward the Concept of an Artificial Surface of a Ferromagnet

Author: Ślęzak, M., primary, Dróżdż, P., additional, Matlak, K., additional, Kozioł-Rachwał, A., additional, Sasikala Devi, A. A., additional, Alatalo, M., additional, and Ślęzak, T., additional
Published: 2022
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47. X-ray photoemission electron microscopy study of the in-plane spin reorientation transitions in epitaxial Fe films on W(110)

Author: Ślęzak, M., Giela, T., Wilgocka-Ślęzak, D., Kozioł-Rachwał, A., Ślęzak, T., Zdyb, R., Spiridis, N., Quitmann, C., Raabe, J., Pilet, N., and Korecki, J.
Published: 2013
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48. Oxygen on an Fe monolayer on W(110): From chemisorption to oxidation

Author: Freindl, K., Partyka-Jankowska, E., Karaś, W., Zając, M., Madej, E., Spiridis, N., Ślęzak, M., Ślęzak, T., Wiśnios, D., and Korecki, J.
Published: 2013
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49. Removing of Nitrates from Waste Water by Using Pond Culture

Author: Erbanová, E., Palarčík, J., Slezák, M., and Mikulášek, P.
Published: 2012
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50. From termination dependent chemical sensitivity of spin orientation in all-bcc Fe/Co magnetic superlattices toward the concept of an artificial surface of a ferromagnet

Author: Ślęzak, M. (M.), Dróżdż, P. (P.), Matlak, K. (K.), Kozioł-Rachwał, A. (A.), Sasikala Devi, A. A. (A. A.), Alatalo, M. (M.), Ślęzak, T. (T.), Ślęzak, M. (M.), Dróżdż, P. (P.), Matlak, K. (K.), Kozioł-Rachwał, A. (A.), Sasikala Devi, A. A. (A. A.), Alatalo, M. (M.), and Ślęzak, T. (T.)
Abstract: Adsorption of gases on the surface of all-bcc (Fe/Co)N superlattices drives the in-plane, 90° magnetization rotation of the bulk-like Fe(110) supporting ferromagnet. Both experimental and theoretical results prove that terminating the surface of (Fe/Co)N superlattices either by Co or by Fe switches “ON” or “OFF” the spin orientation sensitivity to adsorption. Results indicate that purely surface limited adsorption processes strongly modify the magnetic anisotropy of the entire (Fe/Co)N superlattice, which acts as a kind of “artificial” surface of the bulky Fe(110) ferromagnet. Such an artificial magnetic surface anisotropy concept not only enhances the surface contribution in classical surface–bulk competition but also provides its additional chemical sensitivity.
Published: 2022

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