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In this computational study the buckling analysis of symmetrically laminated elliptical and super-elliptical thin plates was carried out. The plates were considered as clamped or simply supported at the boundary. The minimum buckling load was determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the Galerkin Method based on the Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT). The influence of the solution methods, shape functions, boundary conditions, super-elliptical power, lamination type, aspect ratio, and thickness on the critical buckling load were investigated using a parametric study. The verification of the isotropic case was performed comparing some results in the open literature, and reliable agreement was obtained. Convergence studies of the composite case with increasing terms (up to 10 terms) were achieved and sufficient accuracy was provided. During the preliminary design stage of composite structures, many design parameters such as panel sizes, panel thickness, stacking sequences, boundary conditions and loading conditions are taken into consideration. It is possible to evaluate these parameters quickly by using appropriate shape function with the Rayleigh-Ritz method.

Aynu’l-Kudât el-Hemedânî (d. 492-1098/ö. 525-1131) tasavvufun bir ilim olarak ortaya çıktığı dönemde dünyaya gelmiştir. İslam Medeniyeti açısından zengin olan bu dönemde, Sünnî düşüncenin oluşmasında önemli bir yeri olan Nizamiye Medreseleri kurulmuş ve yaygınlaşmıştır. Hemedânî, küçük yaşlarından itibaren iyi bir tahsil görmüş ve ilk eserini 14 yaşında kaleme almıştır. O, yirmili yaşlarda tasavvuf, kelâm, tefsir, fıkıh, dil bilimleri, matematik, astronomi ve felsefe alanlarında yüksek düzeyli eserler vermiştir. Genç yaşta fetva verecek seviyeye ulaşarak Hemedan kadılığına ve aynı yerde mevcut medresenin müderrisliğine tayin edilmiştir. Hemedânî, meşgul olduğu ilmi faaliyetlerinin, arayışlarına ve zihnini kurcalayan sorularına cevap verememesi üzerine bir buhran geçirir. İmam-ı Gazzalî’nin eserleri vesilesiyle bu sıkıntıyı atlatır. Ahmed Gazzalî ile tanışması ise hayatında bir dönüm noktası olur. Ahmed Gazzalî’yi kendisine rehber olarak seçer ve ondan almış olduğu tasavvufi eğitim ile hayatının sonuna kadar etrafındaki insanları irşad eder. Özellikle yirmili yaşlarında fikirlerini özgürce dile getirmesi ve şatahat türü sözler söylemesi, aleyhinde faaliyet gösteren bir topluluğun oluşmasına neden olur. Bununla beraber üstün hitabet yeteneği ve etkili vaazları sayesinde aralarında devlet adamlarının da bulunduğu çok sayıda mürid edinmiştir. Hemedânî’nin tasavvuf yolu, Ahmed Gazzalî’den kendisine intikal eden aşk, cezbe ve fenadır. Ona göre din bir sosyal alışkanlık değildir. Tasavvuf, Allah’ı görmeyi ve O’na kavuşmayı hedefleyen bir yolculuktur. Otuz üç yaşında, Hemedân’da, zındıklık suçlamasıyla, Selçuklu veziri Kıvâmüddin Dergezînî’nin emriyle öldürülmüş/şehit edilmiştir. Şekve’l-Garîb adlı risalesi, ölümünden kısa bir müddet önce Bağdat’ta zindanda tutulduğu esnada, kendisini savunmak için dönemin ilim ve tasavvuf erbabına yazmış olduğu son eseri ve bir tür idam savunmasıdır. Yaşadığı dönemin âlimlerinden ve mutasavvıflarından yakınmalarını hüzünlü bir üslupla dile getiren bu eser, onun fikri sürecinin son halkasını teşkil etmesi bakımından önemlidir. Öte taraftan eser, tarihe iz bırakmış bir müellifin nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğine dair önemli metodik veriler sunmaktadır. Risalede tasavvuf, akâid, kelam ilimlerinin yanı sıra tefsir ilmine dair kıymetli veriler bulunmaktadır. Elinizdeki çalışma, Hemedânî’nin idam savunmasını yaptığı Şekve’l-garîb adlı eserinde yer alan tefsir uygulamalarını ve bunların tasavvufî yorumlarını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Hemedâni’nin dini ve edebi metinleri anlamlandırırken kullandığı metodun “kelâmın tamamından edinilmiş bilgi ve algı” ekseninde seyrettiğini söylemek mümkündür.

In this parametric study, the buckling analysis of symmetrically laminated rectangular thin plates assumed to be subjected to biaxial compression was presented. The simply supported boundary condition was considered at the edges of the symmetrically laminated quasi-isotropic, cross-ply and angle-ply plates. The Rayleigh-Ritz Method was used to specify the critical buckling load of the plates based on the Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT). A convergence study was achieved by increasing the number of parameters of assumed shape function. Validation of isotropic case was verified. The effects of the lamination types, plate aspect ratios (a/b, b/a) and thickness on the critical buckling load of the laminated plates under bi-axial compression were then investigated. The results were compared with Finite Element Method (FEM) solutions performed by ANSYS software package and fairly good agreement was obtained. Non-dimensional results were tabulated and presented for practical use for designers., In this parametric study, the buckling analysis of symmetrically laminated rectangular thin plates subjected to biaxial compression is presented. The simply supported boundary condition is considered at the edges of the symmetrically laminated quasi-isotropic, cross-ply and angle-ply plates. The Rayleigh-Ritz Method is used to specify the critical buckling load of the plates based on the Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT). A convergence study is achieved by increasing the number of parameters of assumed shape function. Validation of isotropic case is verified. The effects of the lamination types, plate aspect ratios (a/b, b/a) and thickness on the critical buckling load of the laminated plates under bi-axial compression were then investigated. The results were compared with Finite Element Method (FEM) solutions performed by ANSYS software package and fairly good agreement is obtained. Non-dimensional results were tabulated and presented for practical use for designers.

The Quran presents its sections and messages that shed light from the history to the future in an impressive and eccentrical narrative fiction to the readers. Parables in Qur’an leades the reader’s imagination into the reality itself with a depiction of scene and life they impart to the dialogues. That the parables progress in the form of sections and stages rather than monolithic and take place dispersedly in the Quran is among its features. No connection can be identified with the traditional format and page-setting as we take for granted nowadays. The methods used in the connection and transition among sections are one of the most important parts of literary aspect of the parables. The connection among stages in the narration of the Quran parable occurs on general meaning, wordings and numbers. Wordings take place at related words and sound level (union or exchange of interruption). The matters that can express meaning in word and letter repetitions constitute an acceptance area depending on the controversial or personal preferences. Identifications of the connections in question makes the multi-dimentional integrity and astounding orderliness of Qur’an more appearant. On the other hand Qur’an makes its reader both intellectually and emotionally an active witness to the subject told in the text. The aim of our work is to investigate in the context of belief struggle enunciated in the Noah parable in Qur’an. composed of investigating the Quran once again in the context of transition among sections by centering the point of view of visual narrative type that has been dominant in the example of Noah parable nowadays.

Kur’ân-ı Kerîm katmanlı bir kitaptır. “Mesânî (katlı/katmanlı/çok boyutlu/ikil)” oluş, yalnız bütünü değil her bir âyeti de niteler. Burada kastedilen yalnızca zâhir-bâtın ayırımı değil, zâhir alana ait anlamların çokluğu ve çeşitliliğidir. “Anlamın anlamları” şeklinde ifade edilebilecek bu yapının daha etkin değerlendirilmesi, Kur’ân’ın daha kapsamlı anlaşılması için önem arz eder. Bu bağlamda Rahmân sûresinde yer alan “Sanki onlar yakut ve mercan gibidirler” âyeti, cennet kadınlarının maddi güzelliklerini aşan özelliklerine ve dünyadaki izdüşümlerine de işaret etmektedir. Oturmuş bir karakter, toplumla bütünleşirken benliğini ve asaletini koruma, saadet kaynağı olma, barış, sabır, direnç, saflık, şeffaflık ve edep söz konusu teşbihin çağrıştırdığı dünya hayatına dair izdüşümlerdir. Bir başka ifadeyle bu özellikler, cennetlik kadınların meziyetleridir. Söz konusu benzetme, ayrıca eğitim metotları açısından veriler taşır. Olumlu yönde büyük değişimlere ivme kazandıracak ve insana mücevher değeri katacak devrimci eğitim, ancak onu harekete geçirecek dönüşüm noktalarını bilmekle mümkündür. İslâm kültüründe kendisi de yakuta benzetilen Hz. Peygamber’in eğitim mucizesinin altında yatan sırlardan biri de bu olmalıdır., Qur’an is a layered book. This layered structure not just exist in the book as a whole but in every single verse in it. What is meant here by layered is not just literal and metaphorical meanings of the text but also the diversity of the literal meanings. This special structure which can be explained as “the meanings of the meaning” is important for Qur’an to be understood more effectively and comprehensively. In this context 58th verse of Surah Rahman by saying “As if they were rubies and pearls” both addresses the features of women of heaven that exceed their worldly beauties and their projection in the world. A mature character, preserving one’s identity and dignity while integrating into society, peace, patience, resistance, purity, clearness, and manners are the projections of the said simile in the verse. In other words, these features belong to women who are worthy of heaven. The simile in question also provides data in terms of educational methods. Revolutionary education which would increase the value of people and accelerate positive changes is only possible if the important milestones that would set it in motion are known. This must be one of the secrets underlying the education miracle of the Prophet, who is also likened to ruby in Islamic culture.

The issue of ismat al-anbiya (preservation of the Prophets from sin) is one of the subjects made its presence felt in the history of Islamic thought since the early periods. Shihabuddin Ahmed b. Muhammed al-Hamawi’s (d. 1098/1687) manuscript called Ithâf al-azkiyâ bi tahqiqi mes’eleti ʻismat al-anbiyâ is one of the detach works in this field. The alleged idea of “some prophets committing sin sometimes” suggested by Muhtâr b. Mahmud al-Zâhidi (d. 658/1260), one of the scholars of Mutazili-Hanafi, drew a specific attention because this idea was mentioned in al-Ashbâh ve’n-nazâir, a significant work of Sunni-Hanafi world. The work in your hand presents the critical editon of the work and the examination as to the manuscript of Hamawi in which he discussed the relevant idea. The author assesses the concept of sin related to the subject under the classification of blasphemy, lie, and other sins and looks for a solution of the subject gradually by separating the sins into big or small, on purpose or by mistake, based on gloss or not, disgraceful/injuring the respectability or not, have a legal sanction or not, begun or continued, before or after revelation. In other words, on the way to the solution, a more concrete basis is formed on the practical responses of the mentioned idea.

In this paper; a submarine vessel’s shell element’s deformation has been investigated due to hydrotatic pressure. Eleven different pressure value for eleven depth has been accounted. A doubly curved shell element within different radius and different lenghts of edges is analysed by using numerical method solution of static linear equilibrium equation of shell element. In the solution part, Navier Solution method with double Fourier series is used for solution of final differantial equations. Identical shell element has been analysed in a package program ANSYSTM in order to verification of solution. Following of verification, cylindrical shell element has been analysed with numerical method. In numerical analysis a MATLABTM code is written for easy solution for different curvature radiuses and different lenghts of edges. After all solution analyses, stres components of shell elements has been compared with Turkis Loyd permitted stress components for design of a submarine. As a result, it’s studied on deformation of isotropic shell element according to different length-thickness ratio and length values.

Bu araştırmada, “Tefsîr-u cüz-i ʻamme min halakâti’t-tefsîr fî Anadol el-kurûni’l-vüstâ (Ortaçağ Anadolu’su Tefsir Derslerinde Amme Cüzü Tefsiri)” adıyla tahkik edilen yazma eserden hareketle ortaçağ Anadolu’su tefsir derslerinde öğrencilerin ilgi ve eğilimlerini yansıtan sorular, günümüz din eğitimi ve Kur’ân’a bakış çalışmalarına veri oluşturmak amacıyla incelenmiştir.

Kemal Pasazâde (873-940/1468-1534) “fî Tahkîki Ta’rîbi’l-Kelimeti’l-A’cemiyye” adlı risalesinde“ta’rîb” yani “yabancı kelimelerin Arapçalastırılması” konusunu teorik ve pratik olarak inceler.Müellif verdigi çok sayıda örnekle neredeyse alanında küçük bir sözlük telif etmistir. Arapdünyasında iki kez tahkîk edilen ve karsılastırmalı çalısmaları yapılan risalede incelenen kelimelerinyaklasık beste biri, özel isimlerin büyük çogunlugunu olusturdugu Kur’ân-ı Kerîm kelimelerindenseçilmistir. Eser, bu yönleriyle Kur’ân’da Arapça dısı kelimelerin varlıgı üzerine yapılantartısmalara önemli katkılar saglamaktadır., Ahmad b. Suleyman ibn Kamal Pasha, known also as Kamal Pasha Zadeh (873-940 h/ 1468-1533) aimed in his treatise named “Risala fî Tahkîk Ta’rîb al-Kalima al-A’camiyyâ (OnVerification of the Arabicization of Foreign Words)” to explain origins of some Arabic words.One fifth of these words consist of the words of Quran. The treatise by these aspects become relatedwith the Qur’anic sciences. The work provides an important contribution to the debate on theexistence of non-Arabic words in the Quran.

This study is about the pamphlet “fî Fadîleti’l-Lisâni’l-Fârisî ale’l-Elsineti sive’l-Lisâni’l-Arabî” written by Shemseddin Ahmed bin Suleyman, who was the qadi ‘asker of Yavuz Sultan Selim and shaykh al-islam of Kanuni Sultan Suleyman, who authored more than 300 works in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, and who was famous for his epithet “İbn Kemâl” or “Kemal Pashazâde” due to his grandfather in order to express that Persian is the second most fluent and developed language in the world after Arabic., Bu çalışma, Yavuz Sultan Selim’e ‘kazasker’lik, Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman’a ‘şeyhulislam’lık yapmış olan, Türk, Arap ve Fars dillerinde üç yüzden fazla kitap ve risaleyi kaleme almış olan, dedesine nispetle Kemal Paşazâde ve İbn-i Kemâl (1468-1534) künyeleriyle şöhret kazanan Şemseddin Ahmed b. Süleyman’ın Arapçadan sonra en fasîh ve en gelişmiş dünya dilinin Farsça olduğunu ifâde etmek için kaleme aldığı “fî Fadîleti’l-Lisâni’l-Fârisî ale’l-Elsineti sive’l-Lisâni’l-Arabî” adlı risalesini konu edinmektedir.

The lowest critical value of the compressive force acting in the plane of symmetrically laminated quasi-isotropic thin rectangular plates is investigated. The critical buckling loads of plates with different types of lamination and aspect ratios are parametrically calculated. Finite Differences Method (FDM) and Galerkin Method are used to solve the governing differential equation for Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT). The results calculated are compared with those obtained by the software ANSYS employing Finite Elements Method (FEM). The results of Galerkin Method (GM) are closer to FEM results than those of FDM. In this study, the primary aim is to conduct a parametrical performance analysis of proper plates that is typically conducted at preliminary structural design stage of composite vessels. Non-dimensional values of critical buckling loads are also provided for practical use for designers.

In this study maximum deflection and free vibration of quasi-isotropic thin rectangular plates that are clamped or simply supported from four edges were examined. The effects of changes in aspect ratio and orientation angle on the results of statical bending and free vibration problems according to the Classical Lamination Plate Theory were parametrically calculated by utilizing the Galerkin Method and the Least Squares Method among Weighted Residuals Methods. Obtained results were compared with the software package ANSYS that conducts analyses through Finite Elements Method (FEM). It is observed that the Galerkin Method yields reasonable results much more rapidly than FEM. It was determined that the effect of changes in orientation angles and aspect ratios of different combination of plates, which were constituted with the alternative arrangement of the lamination angles, on maximum deflection and fundamental natural frequency values is substantial. It was considered that the optimum plates that will properly satisfy different load conditions on the different parts of the structure can be determined with the use of the nondimensional tables prepared with the Galerkin Method in the preliminary design of composite hulls. It is proposed that savings from materials, labor, testing and time can be achieved by this means. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

‘Kuran muhatapları tarafından net bir şekilde anlaşılır’ yargısı, genel anlamda kabul edilmekle birlikte ayrıntıları ve alt başlıkları hakkında günümüze kadar uzanan bazı tartışmalardan uzak değildir. Anlaşılır olmak öncelikle metinde kullanılan kelimeler dünyasıyla ilgilidir. Kaynaklarımızda müteşâbih, mukattaa, mücmel, garîb, muarreb şeklinde nitelenen kelimeler ile anlam etkisi yönüyle kırâatler farklı disiplinler altında işlenmiştir. Bu çalışma yalnızca kelime düzeyinde Kur’ân’ın anlaşılır/mubîn bir kitap olmasına yöneltilen sorulardan yola çıkarak onun kelimeler düzeyinde açık anlamlı oluşunu ana hatlarıyla tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Kelimelerin fesahati ile ilgili ileri sürülen ve zaman sürecinde altı boşaltılan belâğî kurallar, belâgatın doğası gereği mutlaka yeri geldiğince silikleştirdiği eğitimsel kurallardır ve bu dar kalıplarla Kur’ân kelimelerini değerlendirmeye tabi tutmak mümkün değildir. Bu münasebetle Kur’ân’daki anlaşılması dereceli ve göreceli olarak zor olan kelimelerin değerlendirilmesine, sırf âşinâlık veya kolay anlaşılırlık cihetinden bakılması kelimelerin gönderme yaptığı duygu, çağrışım, zaman, mekân, tarih, medeniyet ve uygarlık unsurlarıyla olan bağlarının ihmâl edilmesine sebep olabilir. Anlam aralığı geniş veya katmanlı veya inceden kalına farklı geçirgenlikteki perdelerle kuşanmış Kur’ân delâletleri, anlaşılamamasının değil anlam zenginliğinin kanıtıdır. Ayrıca kelimelerin anlamlarıyla anlattıkları bazen farklı boyutta olabilir. Ulemânın hurûf-u mukataaya, onların mahreç, sıfat ve ta’cîmine dair sıraladıkları sistematik özellikler bu kabildendir. Cümlelerde olduğu gibi kelimelerde de genel esas “beyân”dır. Beyânın ilâhî olması ise çağlarüstü, çok boyutlu ve aşkın yönlerinin bulunmasını gerektirir. Notwithstanding ‘The Qur’an is explicitly understandable by its interlocutors’ statement is accepted generally; its details and subheadings are not very far from some discussions extending to the present. Being explicit is primarily related to the vocabulary used in the text. The wordings featured such as müteşâbih (cognate), mukattaa (discrete), mücmel (concise), garîb (vague), muarreb (loanword) and subjects as kırâats (readings) were processed under different disciplines in our sources. This study aims only to discuss the main lines of Qur’an’s being understandable at the wording level based upon the questions posed for its being an explicit/mubîn book at wording level. Eloquent norms, which set forth according to the fluency of the wordings and faded in time, are educational norms that definitely fade as the occasion arises by nature of eloquence and it is not possible to evaluate the Qur’an wordings through this narrow angle. In this connection, taking the Qur’an wordings on the aspect of their familiarity or lucidity while evaluating the relatively and gradely hard wordings may lead to neglect of ties with feelings, associations, time, place, culture, and civilization that wordings refer to. Significations of Qur’an, whose meaning range covered with large or layered or various permeable curtains from thin to thick, are proof of its rich content than its incomprehensibleness on the contrary. Additionally, sometimes the meaning of the words and their points may be different. Systematic features on hurûf-u mukataa (discrete letters), their origin, designation and punctuation, which ulema organize, are related to this point. “Statement” is the general principle in wordings as in the sentences. Divine statement requires finding its futuristic, multi-dimensional and transcendent aspects.

In this article, the large deflections of a thin cantilever beam under an end moment is considered. The material behavior of the beam is assumed to be nonlinear bimodulus. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bimodulus behavior on the horizontal and vertical deflections at the free end. The numerical results obtained are tabulated. It is shown that the bimodulus behavior has a significant effect on the large deflections.

Makale, مبحث هذا المقال, تحقيق الرسالة المسماة ب"معاقد الطراف في أول سورة الفتح من الكشاف" أو ب"الحاشية على أوائل سورة الفتح من الكشاف" لشيخ الإسلام أبي السعود (ت. ٩۸۲ ه/ ١٥٧٤ م); والدراسة القصيرة عليها. للرسالة المحققة التي بين أيديكم مخطوطات كثيرة في المكتبات. تستهدف الرسالة شرح ما كتبه الزمخشري (ت. ٥٣٨ ه/ ١١٤٤ م) تفسيرا لثلاث آي من أوائل سورة الفتح في تفسيره الكشاف. شروح المؤلف متعلقة بالوجوه الإعرابية والبلاغية والكلامية, Bu çalışma, 15. Yüzyılda yaşamış Osmanlı şeyhülislâmı, hukukçu ve müfessir Ebussuûd Efendi’nin (ö. 982/1574) Maʻâkidü’t-tarrâf fî evveli sûreti’l-feth mine’l-keşşâf adlı risalesinin tenkitli tahkikini ve öncesinde esere dair bazı değerlendirmeler sunmaktadır. Tahkik edilen eserin, kütüphanelerde pek çok nüshası mevcuttur. Ebussuûd’un mevcut eseri, Zemahşerî’nin el-Keşşâf adlı tefsirinde Fetih suresinin ilk üç ayeti bağlamında ortaya koyduğu açıklamaları ele almakta ve bununla ilgili değerlendirmelere yer vermektedir., This study presents some evaluations about the work before and critical investigation of tractate of Ebussuûd Efendi (d. 982/1574), jurist, interpreter and the Ottoman Shaykh al-Islam who lived in the 15th century, called Maakidu al-tarraf fi awali surat al-fath min al-kashshaf. The work investigated has many copies in the libraries. Ebussuûd’s existing work deals with the explanations that he suggest as part of the first three verse of Surah al-Fath in his commentary called al-Kashshaf and includes evaluations about it.