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The boriding process is a thermochemical surface treatment which can be applied to many iron and non-ferrous materials and improves the properties of the material such as hardness, wear resistance. In the present study, the layer thickness values of the boronized AISI 430 material were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. Mathematical model was constructed using parameters such as temperature and time and the results were analyzed comparatively. As a result of the analysis, the optimum layer thickness value for AISI 430 material was obtained as 39.0183 µm for 1000 ºC and 5.9h and it was determined that the boriding temperature and time are effective on the boride layer formation process of AISI 430 material. Finally, the Response Surface Methodology and Face Centered Central Composite Design have been effectively applied to the boriding process.

Background and objectives: Various factors facilitate seizures in patients with epilepsy. The relationship between the phases of the moon and neuropsychiatric conditions has been a matter of curiosity. The present study investigated whether patient presentations to the emergency department with epileptic seizures vary according to the phases of the moon, seasons, and daily air temperature. Materials and method: The study retrospectively included patients who presented to the emergency department with epileptic seizures over a one-year period. Patients with provoked seizures (head trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, etc.), pregnant women, and patients aged under 18 years were excluded. Patients’ age, gender, date and time of presentation to the emergency department were recorded. The effects of the phases of the moon and seasons on these presentations were investigated. Results:Total 255 patients (176 male, 79 female) met the inclusion criteria of the study. The majority of patients (67.1%) were aged 18-44 years. Majority of the patients (41.2%) did not previously used epileptic medication. The laboratory tests ​​showed that the mean blood pH and lactate values were 7.31±0.11 and 4.59±4.12 mmol/L respectively. No statistically significant (p>0.05) relationship was observed regarding frequency of presentations of epileptic seizures and the season and phases of the moon. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the phases of the moon, air temperature, and seasons did not affect the frequency of epileptic seizures. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.018 *Correspondence: Erdal Yavuz, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adiyaman University Medical Faculty, Adiyaman, Turkey. Email: erdal_yavuz15@hotmail.com

The extraordinary and unique properties of persistent luminescent (PerLum) nanostructures like storage of charge carriers, extended afterglow, and some other fascinating characteristics like no need for in-situ excitation, and rechargeable luminescence make such materials a primary candidate in the fields of bio-imaging and therapeutics. Apart from this, due to their extraordinary properties they have also found their place in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, latent fingerprinting (LPF), luminescent markings, photocatalysis, solid-state lighting devices, glow-in-dark toys, etc. Over the past few years, persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been extensively used for targeted drug delivery, bio-imaging guided photodynamic and photo-thermal therapy, biosensing for cancer detection and subsequent treatment, latent fingerprinting, and anti-counterfeiting owing to their enhanced charge storage ability, in-vitro excitation, increased duration of time between excitation and emission, low tissue absorption, high signal-to-noise ratio, etc. In this review, we have focused on most of the key aspects related to PLNPs, including the different mechanisms leading to such phenomena, key fabrication techniques, properties of hosts and different activators, emission, and excitation characteristics, and important properties of trap states. This review article focuses on recent advances in cancer theranostics with the help of PLNPs. Recent advances in using PLNPs for anti-counterfeiting and latent fingerprinting are also discussed in this review.

Background Currently, the most effective method in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is vaccination against the disease. However, there are hesitations among society concerning the safety and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed to determine the observed side effects that require an emergency room visit after taking the BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted with patients who presented to the emergency department due to vaccine-related complications after COVID-19 vaccination. The patients' symptoms at the time of presentation, time from vaccination to the onset of symptoms, and dose of the vaccine administered were determined. In addition, the demographic characteristics of the patients, whether they had a history of COVID-19 infection, and their vital signs at the time of presentation were recorded. The variables were compared according to the type of vaccine administered. Results The study included 182 patients who presented to the emergency department over a 6-month period. It was determined that 166 of these patients (91.2%) had received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 16 (8.8%) had received the CoronaVac vaccine. The majority of the patients did not have a history of COVID-19 infection (70.3%), and most presented to the hospital with complications after the second dose (61%). The onset of vaccine-related symptoms was mostly within 1 to 12 hours (39%). The majority of patients (97.8%) were discharged from the emergency department. The most common symptoms after vaccination were fatigue (n = 70), followed by muscle/joint pain (n = 52), headache (n = 33), and fever (n = 32). The rate of dizziness was found to be statistically significantly higher in the CoronaVac vaccine group than in the BNT162b2 vaccine group (p = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference between the two vaccine groups in relation to the remaining symptoms (p > 0.005). Conclusion There were no serious complications related to the BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccine. The most common symptom after both vaccines was fatigue; therefore, the BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines can be safely administered.

Aim:This study aimed to compare the serum phospholipase A2, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels of patients who presented to our emergency department due to scorpion stings and to determine a laboratory parameter that could assist in clinical grading.Materials and Methods:Sixty-three patients presenting to the emergency department due to scorpion stings and 33 volunteers presenting for other reasons between May and October 2018 were included in the study. The serum phospholipase A2, NRL, RDW and MPV levels of the patients were determined and compared with the control group.Results:In the evaluation performed in the patient group, the mean serum leukocyte and serum lymphocytes were higher and the RDW mean was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group, (p=0.001, 0.003, and 0.004, respectively). There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of the serum MPV, platelet and serum phospholipase levels (p>0.05). When the patients’ serum MPV values were compared according to their clinical grade, a statistically significant correlation was found (rho: - 0.432, p

Background and objective: Genitourinary injuries are commonly encountered in the emergency department but may be over looked in case of multi-trauma. Determining the clinical features of genitourinary injuries will help physicians in the management of genitourinary trauma. Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Patients of all ages, admitted in the emergency department, with trauma between 2015 and 2020 were included and analyzed. The cause of genitourinary trauma, affected organs, any accompanying injury, treatments, mortality status, and laboratory tests related to mortality were obtained from the hospital records and analyzed. Results: During the study period, 87 patients admitted to the emergency department with genitourinary trauma were included in the study. The majority of these patients (n=79) were male. Of the patients, 9.2% died. All the patients in the mortality group had additional injuries. The most frequently injured organ was determined as the kidney (51.7%), followed by the scrotum (25.3%) and penis (8.1%). Additional injuries were observed in 81.6% of the patients. Intra-abdominal organ injuries (19.5%) were the most common accompanying injuries. White blood cell count (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), blood glucose and creatinine values ​​measured at the time of admission to the emergency department were found to be higher in the non-survivor group. The majority of the patients (81%) were discharged with conservative treatment and follow-up. Conclusion: It was determined that genitourinary injuries were frequently seen with additional injuries. Genitourinary injury should be evaluated carefully, especially in the presence of intra-abdominal organ injuries. IMC J Med Sci 2021; 15(2): 005 *Correspondence: Erdal Yavuz, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adıyaman University, 02200, Adıyaman, Turkey. Email: erdal_yavuz15@hotmail.com

Abstract To increase the success in Covid 19 treatment, many drug suggestions are presented, and some clinical studies are shared in the literature. There have been some attempts to use some of these drugs in combination. However, using more than one drug together may cause serious side effects on patients. Therefore, detecting drug-drug interactions of the drugs used will be of great importance in the treatment of Covid 19. In this study, the interactions of 8 drugs used for Covid 19 treatment with 645 different drugs and possible side effects estimates have been produced using Graph Convolutional Networks. As a result of the experiments, it has been found that the hematopoietic system and the cardiovascular system are exposed to more side effects than other organs. Among the focused drugs, Heparin and Atazanavir appear to cause more adverse reactions than other drugs. In addition, as it is known that some of these 8 drugs are used together in Covid-19 treatment, the side effects caused by using these drugs together are shared. With the experimental results obtained, it is aimed to facilitate the selection of the drugs and increase the success of Covid 19 treatment according to the targeted patient.

Nowadays, social media and online sharing sites are frequently used to share thoughts about daily events. Thanks to the posts made by internet users on these platforms, first, quite big data is generated to interpret the agenda. More than 10,000 comments of more than 5000 users made about COVID-19 from online websites between 15 March and 15 May were collected in this study. Then, emotional analysis on these comments was carried out with BERT, GRU, LSTM and TF-IDF methods. The changes in the amount of user comments and the emotions reflected by the comments have been associated with the actual events of these dates. It has been determined which types of events affect users more. In addition, the emotional response changes of the users to the official COVID-19 statistics were measured and the peak points of the emotional changes were determined. Finally, the emotion classification methods applied were evaluated by user questionnaires and their successes were determined according to F-Measure.

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the utility of femoral pulse examination as a feedback mechanism to evaluate CPR effectiveness in non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients. Materials and Methods: The cases that were brought to the emergency department (ED) as non-traumatic cardiac arrest were included in this study. They were separated into two groups as follows: return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and died patients. Then, the groups were compared concerning age, gender, initial rhythm, CPR duration, arrest site, the presence of comorbidities, how to go to the ED, and the detection of the femoral pulse during CPR. The logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the factors that associate with the ROSC rate. Results: A total of 130 patients were included in this study, and 23 of them become spontaneous circulation after CPR in ED. No significant difference was determined between cases in ROSC and died, concerning age, gender, presence of comorbid status and the way to go to the ED (p>0.05). The number of patients in which the femoral pulse was detected during CPR, patients with in-hospital cardiac arrests, patients with shockable initial rhythm, and patients with short CPR durations were significantly higher in ROSC group (p0.05). Conclusion: The detection of the femoral pulse during CPR may provide us with advice about the effectiveness of CPR in non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients.

Introduction:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common disease that increases mortality and morbidity. New generation oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are agents that reduce ischemic events in patients with AF. In this study, we aim to compare biochemical and clinical parameters and examine the risk factors for thrombotic complications (such as stroke, myocardial infarction, systemic embolization) in patients using NOACs (dabigatran and rivaroxaban).Methods:This study was designed as a retrospective, method development study. The study included 205 patients who were admitted to Emergency Service, Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2014. The patients were divided into two groups as rivaroxaban users and dabigatran users. The differences of laboratory parameters of patients before drug intake and during their emergency department visits were analyzed. [Δwhite blood cells, Δhemoglobin, Δhematocrit, Δplatelet, Δplatecrit, Δplatelet distribution width, mean platelet volume (ΔMPV)].Results:There were no major differences between two groups in terms of CHA2DS2-VASc scores, complications and duration of drug intake. There was statistically significant decrease with regard to MPV (p

The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of reinnervation and prevention of muscle atrophy following side to side neurorrhaphy to the intact nerve after end to end repair of proximal transected peripheral nerves in order to prevent distal target organ atrophy. For this, four groups each containing five SpragueDawley female rats were used. In group I, no surgical procedure was performed as a control group. In group II, side to side distal neurorrhaphy performed to the tibial and peroneal nerves after end to end repair of transected proximal tibial nerve. In group III. distally side to side epineural neurorrhaphy performed to the tibial and peroneal nerves. In group IV, end to end epineural repair was performed after proximal tibial nerve transection. The rats were followed up for 3 months for nerve regeneration. Subsequently group II, III and IV were evaluated histopathologically. In all group, tibial and fibular bony weights, foot weights, anterior and posterior crural muscle weights and EMG parameters were evaluated. Comparison between the groups revealed no significant differences regarding EMG and muscle weights between groups 2 and 4 also axonal degeneration was observed in 3 group after neurorrhaphy. As result of experimental study, we think that side to side repair of intact distal nerves as an adjunct to end to end repair of proximal nerve transections has no additional benefit to prevent distal organ atrophy but rather may be caused harm on the intact nerve. In addition, it has been observed that this technique affects the intact nerve rather than the transected nerve. [Med-Science 2019; 8(4.000): 827-31]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the etiologic, demographic, clinical features, and risk factors of patients who were hospitalized, followed up, and treated due to stroke in our hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study, the hospital records of patients diagnosed as having stroke or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) between January 2013 and January 2015 in Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital, where patients with stroke are frequently admitted or transferred, were retrospectively investigated. Results: In the past two years, 683 patients were followed-up or treated for stroke and CVD in our hospital. Stroke patients constituted 0.06% of all emergency admissions. Of these patients, 87.8% were diagnosed as having ischemic stroke and 8.6% were diagnosed as having hemorrhagic stroke. The sex distribution was almost equal (50.8% were males and 49.2% were females). Based on the results of brain scans performed during admission, radiologically, 498 (81.1%) patients showed evidence of anterior system involvement and 116 (18.9%) patients showed evidence of posterior system involvement. No focal areas were observed in computed tomography scans in 508 patients. However, diffusion magnetic resonance findings of these 508 patients were pathologic. Most of the patients with stroke were aged above 65 years (74.9%). The most common symptom during admission was unilateral muscle weakness (63.3%), and 58.6% of the patients were brought to the hospital by ambulance. Conclusion: As well as the results of our study being parallel to previous studies, our study also reflects the majority of stroke data in Adıyaman, Turkey, and provides significant results regarding our geographic region

Objective: To identify errors in forensic reports and to describe the characteristics of traumatic medico-legal cases presenting to the emergency department (ED) at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study includes cases resulting in a forensic report among all traumatic patients presenting to the ED of Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey during a 1-year period. We recorded the demographic characteristics of all the cases, time of presentation to the ED, traumatic characteristics of medico-legal cases, forms of suicide attempt, suspected poisonous substance exposure, the result of follow-up and the type of forensic report.Results: A total of 4300 traumatic medico-legal cases were included in the study and 72% of these cases were male. Traumatic medico-legal cases occurred at the greatest frequency in July (10.1%) and 28.9% of all cases occurred in summer. The most frequent causes of traumatic medico-legal cases in the ED were traffic accidents (43.4%), violent crime (30.5%), and suicide attempt (7.2%). The most common method of attempted suicide was drug intake (86.4%). 12.3% of traumatic medico-legal cases were hospitalized and 24.2% of those hospitalized were admitted to the orthopedics service. The most common error in forensic reports was the incomplete recording of the patient's “cooperation” status (82.7%). Additionally, external traumatic lesions were not defined in 62.4% of forensic reports.Conclusion: The majority of traumatic medico-legal cases were male age 18-44 years, the most common source of trauma was traffic accidents and in the summer months. When writing a forensic report, emergency physicians made mistakes in noting physical examination findings and identifying external traumatic lesions. Physicians should make sure that the traumatic medico-legal patients they treat have adequate documentation for reference during legal proceedings. The legal duties and responsibilities of physicians should be emphasized with in-service training.

Müslümanlar ilk dönemlerden itibaren dini ilimlerle, özellikle Emeviler döneminde bunun yanında beşeri ilimlerle de ilgilenmişlerdir. Emeviler döneminin bu anlamdaki en önemli meşguliyeti tercüme faaliyetleridir. İslam medeniyetinin doğuşunda önemli bir etkisi olan tercüme faaliyetlerinin ilk hedefi, tıp ve müspet ilimler olmuştur. Makalede, Emeviler döneminde gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılan bu tercüme faaliyetleri hakkında bilgi verilmekte, tıp ve müspet bilimlerde bu dönemdeki gelişimler örneklendirilmektedir. Emevi döneminin bu noktadaki önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Tarih boyunca Emeviler dönemi insanların siyasi ve dini yaşamlarını ve düşüncelerini etkileyecek siyasi hadiselerle gündeme gelmiştir. Bu nedenle o dönemin siyasi olayları kültür ve sanat faaliyetlerinin geri planda kalmasına neden olmuştur. Emeviler dönemi Abbasiler döneminde ortaya çıkan hızlı ilmi gelişmeler açısından bir hazırlık dönemini oluşturur. Farklı kültürlerle karşılaştıktan ve birlikte yaşamaya başladıktan sonra bu dönemde gerek İslami gerekse müspet ilimler açısından pek çok gelişme kaydedilmiştir. Makalede bu gelişmelere dikkat çekilmektedir.

Carbon monoxide is formed as a result of combustion of any carbon compound and can lead to hypoxia in many organs including the brain and the heart. Carbon monoxide poisoning in the United States is the leading cause of the fatal poisonings. In this study we present a case with no-known accompanying disease in the light of literature where myocardial infarction was developed as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Emeviler döneminde yaşayan gayrı müslimler ve özellikle o dönemler üzerine araştırma yapan son dönem müsteşrikler H. 99-101/717-720 yılları arasında görev yapan Emeviler devlet başkanı Ömer b. Abdülaziz dönemi için "kara dönem" kendisi için de "zalim" adlandırması yapmaktadırlar. Makalede bu iddiaların gerçeklik derecesi ve meselenin aslı araştırılmaktadır.

High-kilovoltage (kV) radiography of the chest using an air gap results in magnification of the heart and thorax despite the use of a longer focus-to-film distance. One hundred patients had their recent high-kV chest radiograph compared with their previous low-kV film. There was a significant increase in all cardiac parameters. Geometric distortion of the cardiac shadow also occurred, resulting in magnification and elongation preferentially affecting the left side of the heart. We believe this causes an additional subjective impression of a large heart. Radiologists and clinicians should revalue their assessment of cardiac size when such a technique is used.