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Background: Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a well-established method for managing postoperative and chronic pain. ESPB applications for the sacral area procedures are called sacral ESPBs (SESPBs). This cadaveric study aimed to determine the distribution of local anesthesia using the median and intermediate approaches to the SESPB. Methods: Four cadavers were categorized into the median and intermediate approach groups. Ultrasound-guided SESPBs were performed using a mixture of radiopaque agents and dye. Following confirmation of the solution distribution through computed tomography (CT), the cadavers were dissected to observe the solution distribution. Results: CT images of the median group demonstrated subcutaneous pooling of the radiopaque solution between the S1 and S5 horizontal planes. Radiopaque solution also passed from the sacral foramina to the anterior sacrum via the spinal nerves between S2 and S5. In the intermediate group, the solution distribution was observed along the bilateral erector spinae muscle between the L2 and S3 horizontal planes; no anterior transition was detected. Dissection in the median group revealed blue solution distribution in subcutaneous tissue between horizontal planes S1 and S5, but no distribution in superficial fascia or muscle. In the intermediate group, red solution was detected in the erector spinae muscle between the L2 and S3 intervertebral levels. Conclusions: Radiologic and anatomic findings revealed the presence of radiopaque dye in the superficial and erector spinae compartments in both the median and intermediate groups. However, anterior transition of the radiopaque dye was detected only in the median group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJECTIVE: Temporomandibular joint synovial sarcoma is a rare pathology. Radiologic assesment is important for staging and evaluating of lesion extension. This presentation highlights the importance of CT angiography imaging for guiding surgical planning. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 22-year-old male patient complaining of right cheek swelling, and limitation of jaw movements was admitted to plastic surgery clinic. Temporomandibular joint synovial sarcoma was diagnosed histopathologically. The patient was sent to our clinic for CT angiography examination to evaluation of relationship between mass, surrounding soft tissues and major vascular structures.. RESULT‟s: On CT angiography images; heterogeneously enhancing solid mass lesion originated from right temporomandibular joint was extending to the infratemporal fossa and its size was approximately 5x5.5x5.5 cm. The right mandibular condyle and ramus adjacent to the mass had been eroded and destructed. While the right internal carotid artery displaced posteriomedially, there was no evidence of invasion of the mass. The mass was predominantly feeding by the right external carotid artery branches. Nasopharyngeal air passage was asymmetric due to compression of mass. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of head and neck tumors such as synovial sarcoma and their relationships with major vascular structures can be succesfully evaluated with CT angiography examination. CT angiography is a rapid, noninvasive and robust imaging modality and its multiplanar and three-dimensional capability plays an active role in surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE:Elastofibroma dorsi is a rare benign soft tissue pseudotumor which is often localized to the lower end of the scapula. It usually grows slowly and may become larger than 5 cm.CT and MR imaging are preferred modalities in the diagnosis. In this article, we aimed to present the CT findings of two patients with elastofibroma dorsi. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 58 years old two women were admitted to thorax surgery clinic with swelling at the lower end of scapula.Physical examination revealed masses adjacent to lower end of the scapula. Laboratory findings were within normal limits. CT examination was performed for both cases. RESULTS:Thorax CT of the first case,a8x5x3.5 cm sized, well-circumscribed soft tissue mass izodense to muscle ,was localized to the right infrascapular region.On the images of second case, heterogeneous solid mass lesion was measured as 7x3 cm that was localized between the ribs and caudal end of the left scapula.It was also containing fat density and displacing left anterior serratus muscle to the lateral. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Suspected of reactive hyperplasia of elastic fibers due to trauma in the etiology of subclinical. Although typically the tumor is found at infrascapular or subscapular region; it can also be located in axilla, great trochanter, elbows, hands and feet.It can be misinterpreted as sarcoma that is one the differential diagnoses.When evaluating these lesions by CT, size, localization and relationship with neighboring ribs should be mentioned. In this respect,when MRI is not performed, CT examination can be used for the diagnosis of Elastofibroma dorsi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malformation of cortical development (MCD) is a term representing an inhomogeneous group of central nervous system abnormalities, referring particularly to embriyological aspect as a consequence of any of the three developmental stages, i.e., cell proliferation, cell migration and cortical organization. These include cotical dysgenesis, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, lissencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, heterotopia and focal cortical dysplasia. Since magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice that best identifies the structural anomalies of the brain cortex, we aimed to provide a mini review of MCD by using 3T magnetic resonance scanner images.