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Deep neural networks trained on labeled medical data face major challenges owing to the economic costs of data acquisition through expensive medical imaging devices, expert labor for data annotation, and large datasets to achieve optimal model performance. The heterogeneity of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, further complicates deep learning because the test cases may substantially differ from the training data, possibly increasing the rate of false positives. We propose a reconstruction‐based self‐supervised anomaly detection model to overcome these challenges. It has a dual‐subnetwork encoder that enhances feature encoding augmented by skip connections to the decoder for improving the gradient flow. The novel encoder captures local and global features to improve image reconstruction. In addition, we introduce an entropy‐based image conversion method. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed model outperforms benchmark models in anomaly detection and classification using an encoder. The supervised and unsupervised models show improved performances when trained with data preprocessed using the proposed image conversion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kibris tarih boyunca birçok medeniyete ev sahipligi yapmis ve onlarin kültürlerinden kalan birçok kalinti günümüze kadar tasinmistir. Bu kalintilari uluslararasi standartta sergileyebilecegimiz ve kentli kimliginin olusumunda önemli rol oynayacak olan Kent Müzesi kavrami Kuzey Kibris'ta henüz benimsenmis degildir. Pandemi döneminin degisik parametrelerinden dolayi ise Kent Müzesi'ni fiziksel ortamda gerçeklestirmeden önce sanal ortamda olusturmak daha olasi gözükmektedir. Bu baglamda makalede, müzelerin baslangiçlari olan merak dolaplarindan baslayarak dijital ekranlara kadar uzanan tarihini inceleyerek, bu tarihin getirdigi metotlarin potansiyel bir Sanal Kent Müzesi'ne nasil harmanlanacagi üzerinde durulmaktadir. Uluslararasi kurumlarin, sanal gerçeklik gibi teknolojilerin entegrasyonu ile hem egitim açisindan hem de eglence ve etkilesim açisindan kullanicilarini tatmin eden sanal müze projeleri de çalisma kapsaminda incelenmektedir. Ayrica makalenin gelecekte tasarlanabilecek bu sanal ortama bir kaynak olusturmasi, yön verici olmasi ve konuyla ilgili toplumsal bilinç olusturmasi da hedeflenmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler Kültürel Miras; Kent Müzesi; Müzecilik; Küratörlük; Sanal; Dijitallesme; Pandemi Cyprus has hosted many civilisations throughout history and has carried their fragments to today. The concept of a City Museum to exhibit these fragments with international standards and shape the citizen's cultural identity has not yet been embraced. Due to the limitations of the current pandemic, the construction of a City Museum in the virtual realm seems more feasible than in the physical realm. Thus, the history of museums, from their origins in cabinet of curiosities to digital screens is discussed so as to investigate how museological techniques could be applied to a potential Virtual City Museum. How international institutions are producing museological projects that satisfy their users, both in terms of education and in terms of entertainment and interactivity through the integration of technologies, like virtual reality, is examined. Additionally, the article provides a resource and a directional basis for such a virtual space that might be produced in the future as well as bring social awareness to this topic. Keywords Cultural Heritage; City Museum; Museology; Curating; Virtual; Digitalization; Pandemic, Giris Tarih boyunca Kibris adasi pek çok farkli medeniyetin etkisi altinda kalmis ve çok kültürlü yapiya sahip olmustur. Kentlerin çok çesitli tarihlere ve kalintilara sahip olan kimlikleri ise çok kültürlülügün [...]

In this paper, we introduce a membership function used to form the fuzzy Mandelbric set and investigate the structural effects of additive and multiplicative dynamic noises on it. The newly defined membership function of this fuzzy set and its perturbations is a generalization of the indicator function for the classical Mandelbric set. We present an algorithm for detecting each complex number's fuzzy membership degree. Through the use of the membership degrees of each complex number and experimental mathematics based on the visualizations of a variety of versions by utilizing computer-aided design, we gain a deep foresight for the structure characteristics of the additive and multiplicative perturbed fuzzy Mandelbric sets. Our novel approach allows us to identify the symmetry states of the Mandelbric set and its perturbations by the membership degrees of complex numbers, unlike the existing methods described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vericiguat (Verquvo; US: Merck, other countries: Bayer) is a novel drug for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the primary route of metabolism for vericiguat is glucuronidation, mainly catalyzed by uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A9 and to a lesser extent UGT1A1. Whereas a drug–drug interaction (DDI) study of the UGT1A9 inhibitor mefenamic acid showed a 20% exposure increase, the effect of UGT1A1 inhibitors has not been assessed clinically. This modeling study describes a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach to complement the clinical DDI liability assessment and support prescription labeling. A PBPK model of vericiguat was developed based on in vitro and clinical data, verified against data from the mefenamic acid DDI study, and applied to assess the UGT1A1 DDI liability by running an in silico DDI study with the UGT1A1 inhibitor atazanavir. A minor effect with an area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) ratio of 1.12 and a peak plasma concentration ratio of 1.04 was predicted, which indicates that there is no clinically relevant DDI interaction anticipated. Additionally, the effect of potential genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 was evaluated, which showed that an average modest increase of up to 1.7‐fold in AUC may be expected in the case of concomitantly reduced UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 activity for subpopulations expressing non‐wild‐type variants for both isoforms. This study is a first cornerstone to qualify the PK‐Sim platform for use of UGT‐mediated DDI predictions, including PBPK models of perpetrators, such as mefenamic acid and atazanavir, and sensitive UGT substrates, such as dapagliflozin and raltegravir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the Euclidean topology and s-topology on n-dimensional Minkowski space and investigate the interior and closure of the space cone and perforated space cone with respect to these topologies. In these regards, we determine that whether the space cone and perforated space cone are generalized open set or not. Moreover, we compare the generalized Euclidean topologies with the generalized s-topologies.