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Tobacco is one of the most planted products in worldwide and the whole Nicotiana tabacum L. plant, its leaves, flowers, seeds or roots, and individual chemical compounds have medicinal uses such as as sedative, diuretic, or expectorant. From the past to the present, tobacco has been used in various dosage forms including oral/ transdermal films, sublingual tablets, mouth/nasal spray, and inhaler. In addition, Tobacco is a very valuable plant with uses in medicine and bioengineering applications. In this review, it was aimed to give information about the tobacco plant and its medicinal uses and also the pharmaceutical dosage forms as well as novel delivery systems of nicotine compound of tobacco via comprehensively search method of the literature by using Pubmed, ScienceDirect, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar databases for articles published in peer-reviewed journals from mostly 2016 to 2021. It is also aimed to draw attention to the pharmaceutical use of tobacco plant instead of potential harmful uses. In conclusion, there is need to be carried out new studies to enlighten the exact mechanisms of tobacco and its major compound of nicotine on other diseases such as schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and prose memory and attention than smoking cessation therapy and evaluate its safety and develop more effective novel pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Herbal sources contain a variety of bio-actives, which are also called phytochemicals. Many of the herbal bio-actives have therapeutic effects and distinguished chemical properties that allow them favorable candidates for phytomedicines. The history of traditional herbal medicines, which are the precursors of phytopharmaceuticals, dates back to ancient times. Today, many of the officially approved and widely used medicines are produced by isolating active substances from herbal sources. Although traditional pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, syrups, solutions, decoctions and ointments are still used today, problems related with the absorption, biotransformation and stability of phytochemicals reduces the efficacy, bioavailability and in some cases safety of herbal medicines. Also, conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms are often providing an immediate release of phytoconstituents. Besides the use of advanced drug delivery systems offer advantages to overcome mentioned problems, they also provide extended release with maximum efficacy associated with minimum side effects. Researches on development of herbal formulations by using novel drug delivery systems have gain attention and the use of nanotechnology-based systems have special attention. One of the nano drug carrier systems is nanofibers which have unique properties making them widely used in different treatments such as infections, allergy, rheumatic diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers, etc. In this study, the use of the nanofiber-based carrier systems to deliver herbal bio-actives through various drug application routes is overviewed.

Nanofibers are frequently encountered in daily life as a modern material with a wide range of applications. The important advantages of production techniques, such as being easy, cost effective, and industrially applicable are important factors in the preference for nanofibers. Nanofibers, which have a broad scope of use in the field of health, are preferred both in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Due to the biocompatible materials used in their construction, they are also frequently preferred in ocular applications. The fact that they have a long drug release time as a drug delivery system and have been used in corneal tissue studies, which have been successfully developed in tissue engineering, stand out as important advantages of nanofibers. This review examines nanofibers, their production techniques and general information, nanofiber-based ocular drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering concepts in detail.