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Pathogenesis-related (PR) genes are useful molecular markers, and gene expressions are activated in the reaction of plantparasitic nematodes. Determining the PR gene expression and the resistance reaction of Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes against root-knot nematode are valuable for understanding plant-nematode interactions. However, resistance reactions of P. vulgaris genotypes and the gene expression of host-nematode interactions are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the expression of PR genes during the infection of Meloidogyne incognita on resistant and susceptible bean varieties at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinfection (dpi). The results revealed that one genotype gave a reaction as 'immune', and numerous genotypes were susceptible. The expression of PvPRl and PvPR2 genes reached the highest peak at 1 dpi in nematode-infected immune plants, and the expression of PvPRl reached 5 dpi in susceptible plants. In conclusion, PR genes involved in nematode resistance and parasitism and the immune common bean genotype have great potential in breeding programs and understanding the exact location of resistance on the gene map would be advantageous as future work. Key words: root-knot nematode, gene expression, common bean, Meloidogyne, gene Les genes lies a la pathogenese PR (pathogenesis-related) sont des marqueurs moleculaires utiles, et l'expression de certains genes est activee en reaction aux nematodes phytoparasites. La determination de l'expression des genes PR et de la resistance de genotypes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. contre le nematode a galles est interessante pour comprendre les interactions plantes-nematodes. Cependant, les manifestations de la resistance des genotypes de P. vulgaris et l'expression genique liee aux interactions hote-nematode n'ont pas ete entierement comprises. Par consequent, cette etude visait a determiner l'expression des genes PR pendant l'infection par Meloidogyne incognita de varietes de haricots resistantes et sensibles, 1, 3, 5 et 7 jours apres l'infection (dpi). Les resultats ont revele qu'un genotype presentait une reaction <>, et que de nombreux genotypes etaient sensibles. L'expression des genes PvPRl et PvPR2 atteignait le pic le plus eleve 1 dpi dans les plantes immunisees infectees par le nematode, et l'expression de PvPRl atteignait un pic 5 dpi dans les plantes sensibles. En conclusion, les genes PR impliques dans la resistance au nematode et le parasitisme et le genotype immun du haricot commun ont un grand potentiel dans les programmes de selection, et la connaissance de l'emplacement exact de la resistance sur une carte genetique serait avantageuse dans le cadre de travaux futurs. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : nematode a galles, expression genique, haricot commun, Meloidogyne, gene, Introduction Several parasites, including plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), cause damage to crops in the world. Among the plant parasites, root-knot nematodes (RKNs) such as Meloidogyne species cause destructive effects on many [...]

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age is expected to increase from 10.5% to 12.2% (between 2021 and 2045). Plants can be a cost-effective source of flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol with anti-diabetic properties. Methodology: We aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of leaves of Brassica oleracea cvs. Green Sprout and Marathon. Further, flavonoid contents were measured in broccoli leaves grown under light and dark conditions. The methanolic extracts of Green Sprout (GSL-M) and Marathon (ML-M) were first evaluated in vitro for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and then for antidiabetic activity in vivo in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models. Results: Treatment with plant extracts promoted the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and CAT, POD, and SOD activities in the pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, and brain of diabetic rats, whereas lowered lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and nitrite concentrations. The histopathological studies revealed the protective effect of plant extracts at high dose (300 mg/kg), which could be due to broccoli's rich content of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. Strikingly, etiolated leaves of broccoli manifested higher levels of quercetin and kaempferol than green ones. The putative role of an ABC transporter in the accumulation of quercetin and kaempferol in etiolated leaves was observed as evaluated by qRT-PCR and in silico analyses. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study shows a strong link between the antidiabetic potential of broccoli due to the presence of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol and the role of an ABC transporter in their accumulation within the vacuole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the major threats to various crops including cereals. In wheat and barley production, the profitability of cultivation heavily depends on the management of cyst nematodes (CNs), especially on Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons. In this study, field surveys were conducted in wheat and barley cultivation systems of Uşak Province to reveal the presence and diversity of PPNs. In total, 80 wheat and barley fields were surveyed, and samples (soil and root) were processed for the isolation and identification of PPNs. The PPN genera were identified to the species level based on morphological and morphometric characters. CNs were further analyzed using molecular methods. In total, 17 species belonging to 10 genera were identified. Helicotylenchus Steiner, Pratylenchoides Winslow, Merlinius Siddiqi, and Heterodera Schmidt were the most prevalent and abundant genera. The Shannon diversity index averaged at 2.51 in the wheat and barley fields, indicating a moderate level of biodiversity. The evenness value of 0.798 suggests a high degree of uniformity among migratory PPNs. The results indicate that PPNs have a serious impact on reducing grain yield and quality in the wheat- and barley-growing areas of Uşak Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Weed Science is the property of Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi Matbaasi, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Heterodera schachtii (Schmidt, 1871) (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) is one of the most widespread plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) associated with cabbages, which cause severe yield losses in cruciferous vegetables. This study aimed to improve the current understanding of the prevalence and detection of H. schachtii in the cabbage-growing areas of Niğde Province, Türkiye. Field surveys were conducted between November and December 2021, and 100 soil samples were collected immediately after cabbage harvesting. Heterodera schachtii populations were identified by morphological and morphometric methods along with Internal Transcribed Spacer of the ribosomal region (ITS-rDNA) and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit (COI-mtDNA) sequencing. The mean body length of H. schachtii was 463 ± 7 μm, while stylet and hyaline length ranged between 20.7–27.8 μm and 20.1–32.1 μm, respectively. Nearly half of the surveyed areas were infested with H. schachtii with a 41% incidence rate. However, the Merkez District had the highest proportion of infested fields with an over 51% incidence rate. The population density was determined in 41 samples with a mean of 79.5 cysts per 250 g of soil. These results will help to determine the control and management strategies of H. schachtii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Erciyes Agriculture & Animal Science is the property of Erciyes Tarim ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most influential soil organisms worldwide and have a detrimental impact on wheat productivity; they also play a major role in maintaining soil diversity. However, limited information is available on the biodiversity of nematodes associated with wheat cropping systems in Turkey. To address this knowledge gap, 45 wheat fields in the Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey were sampled in 2021 in order to extract and identify nematodes. A total of 14 genera and 44 species of these nematodes were identified based on their physical traits and ITS DNA sequences examination. Shannon diversity index was used to determine the prevalence and biodiversity features of these nematodes. This study represents the first comprehensive research on plant-parasitic nematodes from wheat-growing regions in the Afyonkarahisar Province. The genera Helicotylenchus , Heterodera , Merlinius , Pratylenchoides and Pratylenchus dominated with a high relative abundance percentage >60%, and were extremely common (>90% for each). The average Shannon index of nematode species in the wheat fields was 2.20, with an evenness value of 0.81, indicating moderate diversification and good nematode evenness. This study also revealed a significant correlation between nematode genus biodiversity and edaphic, climatic and geographical factors. Finally, this research demonstrated a remarkable diversity of soil nematodes associated with wheat crops and they have the potential to be useful tools for extensive soil bio-study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]