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21. yüzyılda dünya ekonomisindeki dijitalleşme süreci COVID-19 pandemisi ile büyük bir hız kazanmıştır. Pandemi sağlık, eğitim, ekonomi gibi birçok alandaki düzeni alt üst etmiş ve dönüşümün itici gücünü oluşturmuştur. Dijitalleşme süreci, uzaktan çalışma modelinin iş ve çalışma yaşamına girmesine ve dünyada birçok çalışan ve işyeri için tercih edilen bir yöntem olmasına yol açmıştır. Uzaktan çalışma modelinin nihai olarak çalışanlara yönelik etkileri ve getirdiği yenilikler ise incelemeye değer bir konudur. Bu çalışmada Sanayi 4.0 kapsamındaki dijitalleşme sürecine eklenen pandemi deneyiminin iş ve çalışma yaşamına yönelik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma yeni koşullarda istihdamın belirleyicilerini ortaya koymaya, yeni iş modellerini değerlendirmeye, geleceğin mesleklerine ışık tutmaya ve bunlara yönelik gerekli eğitim düzenlemelerini tartışmaya odaklanır.

Dis ticaretin serbestlesmesi, dogrudan yabanci yatirimlarin ulkeler arasi hareketine olanak saglamistir. Dolayisiyla gelismekte olan ulkeler gevsek cevre politikalari uygulayarak dogrudan yabanci yatirimlari kendi ulkelerine cekerek sanayilesme hedeflerini gerceklestirmek isteginde olmuslardir. Uygulanan gevsek cevre politikalari, gelismis ulkelerdeki kirlilik yaratan endustrilere cazip gelmekte ve bu endustrilerin, gelismekte olan ulkelere kaymasina sebep olmaktadir. Bu durum literaturde “Kirlilik Cennetleri Hipotezi” ya da “Kirlilik Siginaklari Hipotezi” adi altinda arastirmalara konu olmustur. Bu calismanin amaci, Kirlilik Cennetleri Hipotezi literaturune katki saglayan calismalari incelemektir. Mevcut literaturun incelenmesi sonucu elde ettigimiz sonuclar, literaturdeki Kirlilik Cennetleri Hipotezi’nin net bir sonucunun henuz olmadigini gostermektedir.

ObjectivesVascular endothelial dysfunction leads to the emerging of free oxygen radicals, deficiency of antioxidant system, forming of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and release of proinflammatory cytokines. These things play big role in the development of primary varicose veins. Prolidase has been reported as an indicator of oxidative stress in diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, non-ulcerous dyspepsia, osteoporosis, polycystic over syndrome and many other diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidative stress at venous insufficiency and to provide preliminary knowledge about the role of prolidase enzyme in varicose vein formation.MethodsNinety patients aged between 22 and 80 (47.35 ± 17.69) were included in the study and divided into 3 groups. Group1(n:30)(Serum control group): Patients without venous insufficiency. Group 2(n:30)(Tissue control group(healthy vein group): Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (the remaining portion of great saphenous vein used as coronary artery bypass graft used as normal tissue) . Group 3(n:30)(Varicose vein group): Patients underwent varicose vein surgery (varicose vein and serum of these patients were used for study). Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) and Prolidase enzyme levels were detected in tissue and serum samples.ResultsNo significant changes were detected between three groups’ serum samples in oxidative stress parameters and in the prolidase enzyme activity. The tissue TOS and OSI were higher in varicose vein group according to normal vein group and this was found statistically significant. And TAC levels in varicose vein group were significantly lower than normal vein group. Prolidase enzyme activity in varicose vein group was found higher according to normal vein group.ConclusionOxidative stress plays a role at the development of primary varicose veins at biochemical level. Prolidase enzyme related with oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins.

Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the neurological, biochemical, and histopathologic effects of both the acute and maintenance treatment of curcumin on an experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. Methods The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Sham, (2) ischemia-reperfusion (IR), (3) curcumin, and (4) solvent. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by clamping the aorta with minivascular clamps at a position just below the left renal artery and just proximal to the aortic bifurcation for 45 min. After 72 hr of reperfusion, neurological function was evaluated with a modified Tarlov score. In spinal cords, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were detected biochemically. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by antibodies against interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase. Histopathologic changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Although MDA tissue levels were elevated significantly in the IR group compared with the sham group, SOD and GPx levels decreased. After the administration of curcumin, MDA levels in the spinal cord decreased, and SOD and GPx levels increased. Those changes were statistically significant. There was no significance at NO levels. Among all groups, there was no difference in IL-6 and myeloperoxidase immunostaining. Histopathological analysis showed that histopathological changes in the IR group were improved by curcumin treatment. In the curcumin group, neurological outcome scores were significantly better statistically when compared with the IR group. Conclusion We believe that curcumin possesses antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties and may be an effective drug for the prevention of spinal cord IR injury in light of the neurologic, biochemical, and histopathological data of this study and published scientific literature.

Background: In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of edaravone on renal injury due to acute lower limb ischemia/reperfusion in a rat model. Methods: Between June 2015 and August 2015, a total of 40 male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into the sham, ischemia/reperfusion, edaravone, and solvent groups (n=10 in each). The infrarenal abdominal aorta was clamped for 120 min and was, then, reperfused for 120 min after clamp removal. Edaravone was administered intravenously 30 min before the induction of ischemia. Serum and kidney tissue samples were subjected to biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: Edaravone decreased the serum and tissue malondialdehyde levels in the ischemia/reperfusion group. The serum superoxide dismutase activity in the edaravone group was significantly higher than the ischemia/reperfusion and solvent groups. The serum nitric oxide level in the ischemia/reperfusion group was numerically higher than the sham group. The serum nitric oxide level was decreased by edaravone. The serum nitric oxide level was lower in the edaravone group than the solvent group. The tissue nitric oxide level was significantly higher in the ischemia/reperfusion than the sham group. In the ischemia/ reperfusion group, the histopathological changes were improved by edaravone. Conclusion: Edaravone ameliorated renal injury caused by lower-limb ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, it can be used to ameliorate acute ischemia/reperfusion injury during aortic and peripheral vascular surgery Amaç: Bu deneysel çalışmada, sıçan modelinde akut alt ekstremite iskemi/reperfüzyonuna bağlı böbrek hasarında edaravonun etkinliği araştırıldı. Ça­lış­ma pla­nı: Bu çalışmada Haziran 2015 - Ağustos 2015 tarihleri arasında toplam 40 erkek Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar sham, iskemi/reperfüzyon, edaravon ve solvent gruplarına randomize edildi (n=10 her bir grupta). İnfrarenal abdominal aort 120 dk. süreyle klemlendi ve sonrasında klemp kaldırılarak 120 dk. reperfüze edildi. İskemi indüksiyonundan 30 dk. önce edaravon intravenöz olarak verildi. Serum ve böbrek doku örnekleri biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Edaravon serum ve doku malondialdehit düzeylerini iskemi/reperfüzyon grubunda azalttı. Serum süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesi, iskemi/reperfüzyon ve solvent gruplarına kıyasla, edaravon grubunda anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. Serum nitrik oksit düzeyi iskemi/reperfüzyon grubunda, sham grubuna kıyasla, rakamsal olarak yüksek bulundu. Edaravon serum nitrik oksit düzeyini düşürdü. Serum nitrik oksit düzeyi edaravon grubunda, solvent grubundan, daha düşük idi. Doku nitrik oksit düzeyi iskemi/reperfüzyon grubunda, sham grubundan, anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek idi. İskemi/ reperfüzyon grubunda histopatolojik değişikliklerde edaravon ile düzelme görüldü. So­nuç: Edaravon alt ekstremite iskemi/reperfüzyonuna bağlı renal hasarı azalttı. Bu nedenle, aort ve periferik damar cerrahisinde akut iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarını hafifletmede kullanılabilir.

Objective: Limb loss following popliteal and infrapopliteal traumatic arterial injury has serious implicationson the patient’s life and functionality. The objective of this study is to review popliteal and infrapoplitealarterial injuries treated in our clinic retrospectively.Material and Methods: Between January 2012 and November 2018; 30 patients whom underwentemergency surgery due to traumatic popliteal and infrapopliteal arterial injuries were analyzed.Results: There were 27 (90%) males and 3 (10%) females. The mechanism of injuries was stab wounds in43% of the cases (Group 1), gunshot wounds in 23,3% (Group 2) and blunt trauma in 33.3% (Group 3). Themean MESS score was 3.90 in all cases, while it was 3.15±1.57 in Group 1, 4±0.82 in Group 2 and 4.8±1.32in Group 3. All 3 cases of amputation were resulted from blunt trauma. A shorter length of hospitalizationwas observed in patients with stab wounds compared to other injury types (p, Amaç: Popliteal ve infrapopliteal travmatik arteriyel yaralanmayı takiben uzuv kaybı, hastanın yaşamı veişlevselliği üzerinde ciddi etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kliniğimizde retrospektif olarak tedavi edilenpopliteal ve infrapopliteal arter yaralanmalarının sonuçlarını incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2012 ve Kasım 2018 arasında; Travmatik popliteal ve infrapopliteal arter yaralanmaları nedeniyle acil cerrahi geçiren 30 hasta analiz edildi.Bulgular: Hastaların 27’si (% 90) erkek ve 3’ü (% 10) kadın idi. Yaralanma şekli olguların% 43'ünde bıçakyaralanması (Grup 1),% 23,3'ünde (Grup 2) ateşli silah yaralanması ve % 33,3'ünde (Grup 3) künt travmavardı. Ortalama MESS skoru tüm olgularda 3.90 iken Grup 1'de 3.15 ± 1.57, Grup 2'de 4 ± 0.82 ve Grup 3'te4.8 ± 1.32 idi. Amputasyona giden 3 vaka da künt travma nedeniyle oluşmuştu. Delici-kesici alet yaralanmasıolan hastalarda diğer yaralanma tiplerine göre daha kısa bir hastanede yatış süresi gözlendi (p

Objective: Ankaferd blood stopper is a mixture of five medicinal plant extracts used as a hemostatic agent for management of external hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic effects of Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) on bleeding after tooth extraction in vivo models with taking antithrombotic drug. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Albino Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 8 animals each. Maxillary right first molar tooth of the rats were extracted under general anesthesia. 2 mL saline solutions were applied topically to Control group (group 1), Warfarin group (group 3) and Heparin group (group 5) on the sockets immediately after extraction. Two ml ABS’s were applied topically to Ankaferd group (group 2), Warfarin-Ankaferd group (group 4) and Heparin-Ankaferd group (group 6) likewise. The bleeding time and the amount of bleeding were compared among 6 groups just following the tooth extraction. The collected data results were analysed statistically by the ANOVA followed by Tukey test for pair-wise comparisons. Results: The bleeding time was longer in Warfarin and Heparin group than the Control group (p0.05). Similiarly, the amount of bleeding of Warfarin group was significantly higher than those of the Control and Warfarin-Ankaferd group (p0.05). Conclusion: Topically administered ABS is less effective on bleeding control of Warfarin-induced bleeding model than Heparin-induced bleeding model in wistar rats. Resulting small difference in between warfarin and heparin should be investigated in future studies. Amaç: Ankaferd kanama durdurucu, eksternal hemorajinin tedavisinde hemostatik bir ajan olarak kullanılan beş tıbbi bitki özütünün bir karışımıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankaferd kanama durdurucusunun (ABS) antitrombotik ilaç almış in vivo modellerde diş çekimi sonrası kanama üzerine hemostatik etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kırk sekiz erkek Albino Wistar sıçan, her biri 8 hayvandan oluşan altı gruba ayrıldı. Sıçanların sağ üst birinci molar dişleri genel anestezi altında çekildi. Ekstraksiyon işleminden hemen sonra soketler üzerinde kontrol (grup 1), Varfarin (grup 3) ve Heparin (grup 5) gruplarına 2 mL salin solüsyonları topikal olarak uygulandı. Ankaferd (grup 2), Warfarin-Ankaferd (grup 4) ve Heparin-Ankaferd (grup 6) gruplarına ise benzer şekilde 2 mL ABS uygulandı. Diş ekstraksiyonunu takiben 6 grupta kanama zamanı ve kanama miktarı karşılaştırıldı. Toplanan veri sonuçları, önce ANOVA ile ardından ikili karşılaştırmalar için Tukey testi ile istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Kanama zamanı, Varfarin ve Heparin grubunda Kontrol grubu (p0,05) daha uzun bulundu. Benzer şekilde, Varfarin grubunda kanama miktarı Kontrol ve Varfarin-Ankaferd grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p0,05). Sonuç: Topikal olarak uygulanan ABS, wistar sıçanlarda, varfarin kaynaklı kanama modelinin kanama kontrolü üzerinde heparin kaynaklı kanama modeline göre daha az etkilidir. Varfarin ve heparin arasında oluşan küçük fark ilerideki çalışmalarda araştırılmalıdır.

Background: Ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) may trigger lethal ventricular arrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease. However, this role of VPCs in healthy people remains controversial once that not enough clinical trials are available. Recently, some myocardial repolarization markers, such as Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios, have been reported to be useful for predicting lethal ventricular arrhythmias in various clinical disorders without structural heart disease. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between VPC frequent and myocardial repolarization markers in individuals without structural heart disease. Methods: This study included 100 patients who had complaints of dizziness and palpitations. Twelve-lead electrocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory Holter recordings were obtained from all patients. VPC burden was calculated as the total number of VPCs divided by the number of all QRS complexes in the total recording time. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio were significantly higher in patients with higher VPC burden than in patients with lower VPC burden, and a positive correlation was found between these markers and VPC burden. Tp-e (β = 1.318, p = 0.043) and Tp-e/QTc (β = -405.136, p = 0.024) in the lead V5 were identified as independent predictors of increased VPC burden. Conclusions: Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio increased in patients with high VPC number. Our study showed that VPCs may have a negative effect on myocardial repolarization. This interaction may lead to an increased risk of malignant arrhythmias. Resumo Fundamento: As contrações ventriculares prematuras (CVPs) podem provocar arritmias ventriculares letais em pacientes com doença cardíaca estrutural, no entanto o papel das CVPs em indivíduos saudáveis permanece controverso, já que não há muitos estudos clínicos disponíveis. Recentemente, alguns marcadores de repolarização do miocárdio, tais como o intervalo Tp-e e as relações Tp-e/QT e Tp-e/QTc, foram relatados como úteis para prognosticar arritmias ventriculares letais em diversos transtornos clínicos sem doença cardíaca estrutural. Objetivo: Neste estudo, o objetivo foi investigar a relação entre os marcadores de repolarização do miocárdio e as CVPs frequentes em indivíduos sem doença cardíaca estrutural. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 100 pacientes com queixas de tonturas e palpitações. Eletrocardiografia de 12 derivações e registros de Holter ambulatorial de 24 horas foram obtidos de todos os pacientes. A carga de CVP foi calculada como o número total de CVPs dividido pelo número de todos os complexos de QRS no tempo de registro total. Foram considerados significativos valores p < 0,05. Resultados: O intervalo Tp-e e a relação Tp-e/QTc foram significativamente mais altos em pacientes com carga de CVP mais alta do que nos pacientes com carga de CVP inferior, e encontrou-se correlação positiva entre esses marcadores e a carga de CVP. Tp-e (β = 1,318, p = 0,043) e Tp-e/QTc (β = -405,136, p = 0,024) na derivação V5 foram identificados como preditores independentes da carga de CVP aumentada. Conclusões: O intervalo Tp-e e a razão Tp-e/QTc foram mais altos em pacientes com um valor mais alto de CVP. Nosso estudo mostrou que CVPs podem ter um efeito negativo na repolarização do miocárdio. Essa interação pode resultar em risco aumentado de arritmias malignas.

Background Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by normal or near-normal coronary arteries with delayed opacification of the distal vasculature that it may cause angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio are also known as predictors of ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with CSF by using Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio. Methods This study included 50 patients with CSF and 51 control subjects. Coronary flow rates of all subjects were documented by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC). Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared between groups. Results In electrocardiographic parameters analysis, QT, QTc, QTd, and QTcd were significantly increased in CSF patients compared with the control subjects (P < 0.001, P = 0.019, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio in the CSF patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects (Tp-e: 117 ± 21 milliseconds [ms] vs 96 ± 16 ms, P < 0.001; Tp-e/QT: 0.30 ± 0.06 vs 0.27 ± 0.06, P = 0.005; Tp-e/QTc: 0.27 ± 0.06 vs 0.24 ± 0.05, P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, increased Tp-e and Tp-e/QT ratio were associated with CSF. Conclusions Our study revealed that when compared to the control subjects, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc were significantly increased in the CSF patients.

Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial and polygenic disorder resulting from endothelial dysfunction and excessive inflammatory response to various forms of injurious stimuli to the arterial w...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine beliefs concerning breast self-examination in first- and second-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer and evaluate their breast self-examination (BSE) application. Materials and Methods: A survey study was conducted in an oncology polyclinic and general surgery clinic of a hospital in Ankara, the capital of Turkey with a sample of 140 women. Results: It was determined that 60.7% of the participants had conducted BSE and 48.1% had undergone a clinical breast examination. Perceived selfefficacy of the women who performed BSE were significantly higher compared with women who did not practice BSE (p

Background: Family history of premature atherosclerosis imposes a high risk to people. The relationship between atherosclerosis and gene polymorphisms of various biomarkers such as Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has shown in previous studies. Aims: The major aim of the study was to evaluate the CRP, eNOS, and IL-6 gene polymorphisms in a group of adolescents who have a parental history of early coronary artery disease (CAD). Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: Thirty-six volunteers with a father with obstructive CAD during the first four decades and 46 subjects with a father with normal coronary arteries documented with coronary angiography were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to analyze CRP, eNOS, and IL-6 polymorphisms. Results: We did not find any differences between the two groups with regard to age, sex, body mass index, renal functions, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, lipid profile, and fasting glucose, hemoglobin, and high sensitivity CRP. A significant difference was only observed in IL-6-572 G/C genotype distribution and allele frequency between two groups (Pc=0.036 OR=3.48 CI (95%) 1.17-10.32). Conclusion: The present study showed a significant association between the IL-6-572 G/C gene polymorphism (presence of C allele) and adolescents with a parental history of premature CAD.

Background In this study, we aimed to determine the importance of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA), and l -arginine levels which are influenced by the endothelial dysfunction in acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and compare their pretreatment and post-treatment levels. Methods A total of 34 cases (19 men and 15 women, age range 42 ± 14 years) diagnosed with acute DVT and 34 control subjects (22 men and 12 women, age range 45 ± 11 years) without any vascular disorders were included in the study. The patients were administered low-molecular-weight heparin subcutaneously. Blood samples were obtained to measure ADMA, SDMA, and arginine levels before treatment and during the treatment (on 10th day). ADMA, SDMA, and l -arginine levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography method. Results The ADMA and SDMA levels were significantly higher in acute DVT patients when compared with the controls (P = 0.001). Post-treatment decrease of ADMA and SDMA levels when compared with the pretreatment levels were found as statistically significant (P = 0.001). Increase in l -arginine levels were not found significant when compared with the control group (P = 0.12) or post-treatment levels (P = 0.16). Conclusions We concluded that ADMA and SDMA levels can be used as parameters in clinical follow-up for determining the efficacy of treatment in acute DVT patients, and further studies are needed to further clarify the subject.

BACKGROUND: Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by normal or near‐normal coronary arteries with delayed opacification of the distal vasculature that it may cause angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, life‐threatening arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QT ratio, and Tp‐e/QTc ratio are also known as predictors of ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with CSF by using Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QT ratio, and Tp‐e/QTc ratio. METHODS: This study included 50 patients with CSF and 51 control subjects. Coronary flow rates of all subjects were documented by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC). Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QT ratio, and Tp‐e/QTc ratio were measured from the 12‐lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS: In electrocardiographic parameters analysis, QT, QTc, QTd, and QTcd were significantly increased in CSF patients compared with the control subjects (P < 0.001, P = 0.019, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QT ratio, and Tp‐e/QTc ratio in the CSF patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects (Tp‐e: 117 ± 21 milliseconds [ms] vs 96 ± 16 ms, P < 0.001; Tp‐e/QT: 0.30 ± 0.06 vs 0.27 ± 0.06, P = 0.005; Tp‐e/QTc: 0.27 ± 0.06 vs 0.24 ± 0.05, P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, increased Tp‐e and Tp‐e/QT ratio were associated with CSF. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that when compared to the control subjects, Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QT ratio, and Tp‐e/QTc were significantly increased in the CSF patients.

Intimal hyperplasia is a vascular remodeling process. It is a clinical problem that forms in the vascular wall as a result of smooth muscle cell migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix accumulation. In this study we examined the immunohistochemical evaluation of the effects of nebivolol on intimal hyperplasia in damaged endothelial tissue. Materials and methods: The study was conducted using 21 rabbits equally divided into 3 groups: control, solvent, and nebivolol. The rabbits in the control group only underwent balloon injury of the abdominal aorta. The rabbits in the solvent group and nebivolol group underwent balloon injury and were treated with solvent and nebivolol intraperitoneally during the study. At the end of the study, the abdominal aortas were harvested. The intimal and medial areas were measured and the intima/media ratios were calculated. Tissue nitric oxide levels were determined and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated. Results: Statistically there were no differences between the control and solvent groups with respect to the intimal and medial areas, intima/media ratios, or the tissue nitric oxide (NO) levels. The neointimal thickening was significantly less in the nebivolol group than in the control and solvent groups (P < 0.001). Intima/media ratio was decreased in the nebivolol group (P < 0.001). Tissue nitric oxide levels were greater in the nebivolol group than in the control and solvent groups (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical data in the nebivolol group were significantly lower as compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nebivolol may be a useful agent in early restenosis after vascular reconstructive procedures.

Objectives: We compared the Gleason scores obtained from sextant prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens in patients with localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients having a clinical diagnosis of localized prostate cancer underwent needle biopsy under transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and RP. Grading and staging were assigned based on Gleason scores and the TNM system, respectively. Results: Mean patient age was 65.5 ± 13.43 years and mean PSA level was 14.69 ± 3.95. Mean Gleason score for prostate biopsy and RP specimen were 5.85 ± 0.7 and 6.34 ± 1.44, respectively. With respect to clinical stage, there were 20 patients in stage 1 and 41 patients in stage 2 prostate cancer. Comparing the Gleason scores, the biopsy score was lower in 26 (42.26%) and higher than RP specimens in 7 (11.84%) cases, and there was agreement between the biopsy and RP specimens in 28 (45.9%) patients. The difference between the two Gleason scores was ± 1 for 18 patients (29.5%) and ± 2 or more for 17 patients (27.86%). Conclusion: In our study, high Gleason score biopsies with elevated PSA level (>10 ng/ml) were risk factors for extraprostatic extension, and we demonstrated that Gleason scores were significantly correlated with seminal vesicle and lymph node invasion (p < 0.05). The Gleason scores of biopsy and RP specimens agreed with 45.9% of TRUS-guided sextant prostate biopsies, and this ratio was 91.1% in moderately differentiated tumors

Primary Pulmonary Paraganglioma (PPP) is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor of the lung. We present the case of an asymptomatic 36-year-old female with a solid, round, mass 4.0 cm in diameter in the lower lobe of right lung. Encapsulated mass was excised and pathologic examination revealed paraganglioma. The diagnosis and treatment of PPP is discussed in relation to the relevant literature. Turk Jem 2010; 14: 14-6

The brachiocephalic artery is an alternative cannulation site in the repair of ascending aortic lesions that require circulatory arrest. We evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this technique. Proximal aortic surgery was performed in 32 patients from 2006 through 2012 via brachiocephalic artery cannulation and circulatory arrest. Twenty-four (75%) of the patients were men. The mean age was 48.69 ± 9.43 years (range, 30–68 yr). Twelve had type I dissection, 2 had type II dissection, and 18 had true aneurysms of the ascending aorta. All operations were performed through a median sternotomy. The arterial cannula was inserted through an 8-mm vascular graft anastomosed to the brachiocephalic artery in an end-to-side fashion. In dissections, the distal anastomosis was performed without clamping the aorta. The patients were cooled to 24 °C, and circulatory arrest was established. The brachiocephalic and left carotid arteries were clamped, and antegrade cerebral perfusion was started at a rate of 10 mL/kg/min. Cardiopulmonary bypass was resumed after completion of the distal anastomosis and the initiation of rewarming. The proximal anastomosis was then performed. None of the patients sustained a major neurologic deficit, but 5 patients experienced transient postoperative agitation ( Brachiocephalic artery cannulation through a graft can be a safe and effective technique in proximal aortic surgical procedures that require circulatory arrest.

A 19-year-old woman admitted to the our cardiology department with progressive dyspnea on effort and palpitations. Her blood pressure 115/85 mmHg, heart rate 70/min, and respiratory rate 20/min. Cardiac auscultation revealed 2/6 grade systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border. Electrocardiography demonstrated sinus rhythm with incomplete right bundle branch block. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed right atrial and ventricular enlargement and a left-to-right shunt within the atrial septum. In Doppler echocardiography demonstrated moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Pulmonary artery pressure was 38 mmHg and the Qp/Qs ratio was 1.6. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an ostium secundum defect, 5 mm in diameter Figure 1, arrow , and a sinus venous defect, 15 mm in diameter Figure 2, arrow .

PP-111 The aim of the study is to evaluate the gene polymorphisms in a group of adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis. Thirty-six subjects who have a father with a history of obstructive coronary artery disease before the age 40 and 46 subjects who have a father with