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Objective: Our aim was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin and Sox-2 in adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma of colon and also to evaluate the effects of these markers in adenoma-carcinoma sequence and their association with clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Fifty-six tubular adenomas with low grade dysplasia (TALGD), 53 tubular adenomas with high grade dysplasia (TAHGD), 44 tubulovillous adenomas (TVA), 29 villous adenomas (VA) and 60 adenocarcinomas were included in the study. The nuclear staining of Sox2 was evaluated as well as both nuclear and cytoplasmic stainings of β-catenin. A semiquantitative scoring was performed. The results were compared between the groups and the relationship of the results with clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmic β-catenin expressions of the adenocarcinomas were higher than polyps. The expressions in the VA and TVA polyp groups were higher than the expressions in TAHGD and TALGD, respectively. Membranous β-catenin expression in the adenocarcinoma was higher than the polyps except VA. The evaluation between polyp groups with respect to membranous β-catenin staining revealed a statistically significantly difference in favor of VA compared with TVA, TAHGD and TALGD; in favor of TAHGD compared with TVA, in favor of TVA compared with TALGD while it was found statistically significantly higher in TAHGD than TALGD. Conclusion: The results regarding β-catenin expression of the polyp groups were consistent with the literature. There was a positive correlation between β-catenin expression (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and malignancy. High Sox2 expressions were found correlated with malignancy potential. Large sampling size investigations to be supported by further molecular studies are needed to clarify the effect of Sox2 expression in the sequence of adenoma-carcinoma comprehensively.

To develop a scoring system using clinical evaluation methods to predict the presence of adenomyosis.A cohort of 232 patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disorders was prospectively enrolled. A detailed anamnesis was obtained and physical/pelvic examinations with trans-vaginal ultrasound imaging were performed one day before the hysterectomy. The diagnosis of adenomyosis was based on histopathologic examination. Findings were compared between patients with (n=55) and without (n=166) adenomyosis. Factors associated with adenomyosis were assessed with regression analysis and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. The variables found to be significant were chosen for the scoring system. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to find the cut-off values for these variables.Number of parity, dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, age of menarche, presence of uterine tenderness and detection of heterogeneous myometrium and myometrial cysts during ultrasonography were found to be the significant parameters. OR for the presence of myometrial heterogeneity, myometrial cysts, uterine tenderness were 27.2, 3.6 and 9.3 respectively. Cut-off values were calculated; 3 for parity (OR=2.8), 13-years for menarche (OR=1.6), 2 for dyspareunia VAS scores (OR=1.9) and 4 for dysmenorrhea VAS scores (OR=1.2). The total sum of maximum OR that a patient can obtain was calculated as 47.6 and this value was assumed to predict the presence of adenomyosis 100%. The multiplication of the sum of the OR in a patient by 2.1 (100/47.2) was found to have a predictive ability for the presence of adenomyosis.A scoring system is developed to predict adenomyosis non-invasively based on clinical evaluation.

Our study aimed to determine immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53 and BRCA1 genes and their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognostic significance. The present study included 85 patients that were diagnosed with epithelial OC, treated and followed-up between 2002 and 2012 at Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine. Immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53 and BRCA1 and their relation-ship with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. In serous carcinomas, expression of ER was significantly associated with metastasis to the fallopian tube, expression of PR was significantly associated with patient’s age, expression of p53 was significantly associated with the progression-free survival (PFS), cytoplasmic expression of BRCA1 was significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) and PFS. In pathogenesis groups, 55 tumors were type 1, and 30 tumors were type 2. There were significant correlations with ER, PR and p53 expressions between the two groups. In our study, PR and p53 were prognostic factors in serous carcinoma. Extensive studies that contain more cases in each histological group are needed to determine the prognostic value of these five immunohistochemical markers., Çalışmamız ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53 ve BRCA1 genlerinin immünohistokimyasal ekspresyonunu ve bunların klinikopatolojik özellikler ve prognostik önemi ile ilişkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamıza Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde 2002-2012 yılları arasında epitelyal OK tanısı konulan ve takip edilen 85 hasta dahil edildi. ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53 ve BRCA1'in immünohistokimyasal ekspresyonu ve bunların klinikopatolojik parametrelerle ilişkisi değerlendirildi. Seröz karsinomlarda, ER ekspresyonu fallop tüpüne metastaz ile, PR ekspresyonu hastanın yaşı ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi, p53 ekspresyonu progresyonsuz sağkalım (PFS) ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkilendirildi, BRCA1'in sitoplazmik ekspresyonu genel sağkalım (OS) ve PFS ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. Patogenez gruplarında 55 tümör tip 1 ve 30 tümör tip 2 idi. İki grup arasında ER, PR ve p53 ekspresyonları ile anlamlı korelasyonlar vardı. Çalışmamızda PR ve p53 seröz karsinomda prognostik faktörlerdi. Bu beş immünohistokimyasal belirtecin prognostik değerini belirlemek için her histolojik grupta daha fazla vaka içeren kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Introduction: The effect of the quantity of olfactory neuroepithelium in the middle turbinate on the postoperative olfactory function for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients has not yet been evaluated. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the olfactory structures in the middle turbinate by immunohistochemical analysis of the olfactory marker protein and to correlate the immunostaining results with the olfaction test results for patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa. Methods: Surgical materials of 18 middle turbinate concha bullosa patients who had undergone lateral marsupialization surgery were immunostained with olfactory marker protein antibodies. Smell diskettes olfaction test was applied to all of the study group patients both preoperatively and three months postoperatively. A visual analog scale was used to quantify the sense of nasal obstruction. Results: It was observed that the postoperative smell scores and the nasal obstruction visual analog scale values were significantly improved as compared to the preoperative values (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the smell score gain and the visual analog scale gain values (r = 0.682). Results also indicated no significant correlation between the olfactory marker protein staining scores and the smell scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This first paper demonstrated that the quantity of the olfactory mucosa in the middle turbinate was not a determining factor for the postoperative smell function degree for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients. The underlying cause of the olfactory deficit for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients seems to be obstruction related rather than the middle turbinate's olfactory mucosa containing status. © 2021 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial Mersin Üniversitesi This study was funded by Academic research unit committee of Mersin University .

Sweet syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is characterized by fever, elevated neutrophil count, painful erythematous cutaneous lesions that have an infiltrate of mature neutrophils typically located in the upper dermis. In general, it is associated with infections, malignancy and drugs. Sweet syndrome is rarely seen in pediatric patients. In this report, we present a child who was diagnosed with sweet syndrome because of a rare disease in children with unknown etiology of fever. © 2019, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.

Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disease resulting from the myometrial invasion of the endometrial gland and stroma. In the current study, angiogenesis, apoptosis and energy metabolism were investigated in adenomyosis. A retrospective study was performed using paraffin archival tissues. Three groups were included in the study: Group I and Group II; ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues of patients with adenomyosis, respectively, and Control Group; endometrial tissue of individuals without adenomyosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1A) levels were evaluated as angiogenic markers. Bcl-2, caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels were investigated as apoptotic indicators, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C (SDHC) and fumarate hydratase (FH) levels were also examined as energy metabolism markers. Gene expression levels of all parameters were determined by RT-PCR. VEGF expression levels were found to be increased in Group I according to the control group and Group II. Bcl-2 expression levels were found to be increased in the Group I compared to the Group II. It was determined that expression levels of IDH1 were decreased in the Group I and Group II compared to the Control Group. There was no significant difference in the other examined parameters. Although we did not find a significant difference in HIF-1A levels between the groups, we found a positive correlation between VEGF and HIF-1A in the Group I. These results point out that VEGF, HIF-1A, Bcl-2 and IDH1 may be associated with the etiology of adenomyosis.

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic infection which is transmitted from the animals to human by undercooked meats. Echinococcus granulosus is the most commonly detected form of echinococcus family. Although, primary site of echinococcal infection is lungs, primary cyst hydatid disease of the ovary is very rarely reported in the English literature. In this article, we presented a postmenopausal adnexial mass which was finally diagnosed as ovarian hydatid disease.

During the pathologic examination of neck dissection specimens, unexpected findings within lymph nodes may occasionally be uncovered. Such findings may include the presence of a second primary tumor or inflammatory disease, the discovery of which may have implications on management and prognosis. Incidental papillary thyroid carcinoma and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation were found in addition to squamous cell carcinoma metastasis in the pathological study of the neck dissection specimen in a 70-year-old male patient with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic features of this rare association were discussed in the light of the current literature.