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Increasing population, expansion of urban areas and rapid urbanization are the main causes of losing green spaces, which results in many environmental problems and threatens the quality of urban life. Urban green spaces are of great importance and urban planning issues nowadays gain increasing popularity. It is realized that biological methodologies need to be used in urban planning, otherwise the quality of life will be more threatened. In order to discover the meaning and importance of green corridors in urban areas, a literature review was undertaken. Boulevards, as green corridors, are very important linear parts in the structures of dense modern cities. If planned and designed properly, they mitigate the negative effects of densely built urban environment. Green corridors provide numerous environmental benefits, they are an essential factor of sustainability and have a significant impact on biodiversity. Green corridors also provide social benefits, by enhancing well-being through contact with nature. They decrease health problems and improve the quality of life. The importance of urban green corridors was observed and presented on the example of Blvd. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh, which form an important ecological network in the northern part of Skopje, North Macedonia. The emphasis is on planning, designing and improving green corridors in urban areas like Skopje. Although these two boulevards are well designed as green corridors, with preserved old line greenery, planted with many different plant species (trees, shrubs, perennials), covered by grass, with bicycle and pedestrian paths, there is still potential for improvement. Linear parks on both sides of the new part of the Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh would be a great idea.

In this study five indigenous species on parking lots in Novi Sad, Serbia were examined (Acer platanoides 'Globosum', Celtis australis L., Tilia tomentosa Moench., Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata', and Corylus colurna L.). The aim of this study is to represent their adaptability to urban stress and harsh environmental conditions which are present on parking lots by valuing their dimensions and vitality. Results showed that well-adapted species are Celtis australis L. and Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata'. Other species had low vitality values, asymmetrical canopy, and mechanical damages that were caused by insufficient root and canopy space and insufficient distance from buildings and traffic. Choosing well-adapted indigenous species for alleys can be very challenging. Adaptability assessment of indigenous trees on parking lots in Novi Sad can be used as guidance to urban planning in Novi Sad and other cities which have a high share of pavement to reduce the climate change effect.

Temperature increase in urban areas due to a high share of paved and impermeable surfaces affects indigenous woody species by making changes in their biological processes. Field research includes monitoring the blooming period of 18 individuals of Tilia tomentosa Moench. in one vegetation season located in three different habitats (green strip, paved surface, and park). The beginnings of four blooming phenophases are monitored (beginning of blooming, beginning of full blooming, end of full blooming, and end of blooming), as well as the total duration of blooming. Analyzed individuals are located in the densely built-up part of Novi Sad in Serbia which is under the influence of the urban heat island effect. The results show that the blooming period of individuals located in the park lasted longer and occurred later. Between individuals from green strips and paved surfaces there are no significant dif­ferences in the blooming period and the occurring of phases, but in relation to park individuals, blooming duration is shorter and occurs earlier. Besides age and hereditary traits, air temperature as a part of the microclimate of analyzed habitats is a very important factor when analyzing the blooming phenophase. In that way, the change in blooming phenophases can be an indicator of the adaptability of indigenous species to the urban heat effect and climate change.

The purpose of this paper is to determinate the influence of salinity on the growth and development of pansies (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.). The objective of the present study was to examine the cultivation area selection and use of pansies related to the autumn and winter flowering aspects. A total of 40 pansy seedlings were included in the study and allocated to four groups of ten each. The experiment conducted four involved treatments: control (K), treatment with 3g/l NaCl (T1), treatment with 5g/l NaCl (T2), and treatment with 7 g/l NaCl (T3). Concentrated water was used for watering the seedlings observed during growth. Over the course of the eight-week experiment, the following quantitative and qualitative properties of the pansy seedlings were measured: height, number of leaves, number of flowers, diameter of flowers, length of leaves, width of leaves, as well as the vitality and decorativeness of the pansy seedlings. The results obtained show that pansies can tolerate increased amounts of salt (5 g/l and 7 g/l NaCl) with adverse effects on the growth, development, vitality and decorativeness of the plant.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze relations between seed quality characteristics and the influence of contaminated urban areas on seed quality of sycamore maple trees in different locations across Novi Sad (Serbia). This research analyzed seed germination of 29 adult trees of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and its red leaf variety (Acer pseudoplatanus ‘atropurpureum’ Späth.). Our results indicate a medium strong positive correlation between seed weight and viable seed. Sycamore maple trees from the same urban typology do not have significant influence on seed quality characteristics, while different urban typology has such influence. These results explain the negative influence of urban areas on seed quality characteristics. For selection of high value trees in urbanized and contaminated areas, seed quality can be the indicator of adaptability to stress related conditions.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the floristic composition, abundance, biological spectrum and ecological effects of Futoški Park trees and shrubs on the basis of bioindicators. The field research was conducted in Futoški Park, which is one of the oldest and largest parks in the City of Novi Sad, covering an area of 81,306 m2. Upon determining the floristic composition of Futoški Park and the protection zone around the Park hotel, a total of 121 genotypes were recorded, out of which 34 species and lower taxa belong to the Gymnosperm phylum (Pinophyta) and 87 species and lower taxa belong to the Angiosperm phylum (Magnoliophyta). A total of 5,228 representatives of dendroflora were found. The biological range of trees and shrubs in the study area mostly includes deciduous nanophanerophytes (34.98%) and evergreen nanophanerophytes (33.72%), whereas the remainder includes evergreen phanerophytes (16.35%) and the least prevalent deciduous phanerophytes (14.94%). The analysis of ecological indices shows that the greatest number of species meet the environmental requirements, and are successfully acclimated to the climatic and soil conditions. On the basis of the overall vitality and ornamental features of the dendroflora analyzed, it can be argued that Futoški Park is a unique ecological and environmental entity in the urban structure of the city.

This paper shows the results of the analysis of the fruit morphometric characteristics of 29 trees of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and red - leaf sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus ‘Аtropurpureum’ Späth.) in Novi Sad area. Based on the test trees, it can be concluded that the analyzed secondary population of sycamore maple has a high level of intra - populations variability, based on different degrees of variability of measured parameters and statistically significant differences of all analyzed parameters within the analysed genotypes. The results indicate that there are certain differences between fruit of sycamore maple and its red - leaf variety. Given that there is no statistically significant difference between sites and different urban spaces, it can be concluded that stress factors caused by a high degree of urbanity do not affect the morphometric characteristics of fruits in the analyzed test trees. Testing the symmetry of fruits indicates a high level of genetic variability within the analyzed population.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of commercial plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely Inict-1 and Incit-5, on the rooting of African violet leaf cuttings (Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl.). The production of African violets has grown considerably in recent years, thus it is important to study the most rapid and cost-effective means of mass production. The propagated plant material of the cultivar ‘Nagano’ was treated with Incit-1 and Incit-5. The following parameters were observed: the occurrence of the first root, the number of formed secondary roots and root lengths, the occurrence of the first leaf, and the occurrence of the first flower. The results obtained showed that the use of commercial rooting hormones, namely Incit-1 and Incit-5, exerted positive effects on the duration of rooting, the number of secondary roots formed, and the root lengths of African violets. During the research, it was observed that the rooting durations of all the plants treated with Incit-1 and Incit-5 were 5 days shorter. The results indicate that the plants treated with PGRs necessitate less time to root, less time to produce new leaves, and, consequently, less time to produce flowers.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a species with interspecies variability, especially in qualitative traits. From horticultural point of view it is important to choose genotypes with desired characteristics. Knowing of genotypes characteristics is essential to choose the correct genotypes that can be used in gardens and like cut flowers. Present research was carried out at Institute of Field and Crops at Rimski Šančevi in Novi Sad, Serbia. Experiment included four genotypes of ornamental sunflower. Significant variation for morphological traits were observed. Qualitative characteristics such as flower color, also showed great variability. Base on the results all genotypes can be recommended as garden plants and cut flowers.

Variability and correlations among morphological features of eight ornamental pumpkin varieties were studied under field conditions. The variability of plant height, fruit length, fruit width, fruith weight, fruit peel thickness, length and circumference of handle grip, leaf length, leaf width, seed length, seed width, seed thickness and number of fruits per plant in the examined material was high. The highest variability was related to the fruit properties. This variability represents a good source for future breeding programs. Correlations between the traits indicated a significant influence of leaf and seed characteristics on fruit properties. Multivariate statistical analysis provided differentiation of varieties on two phenotypically different groups.

A wide range of bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley germplasm was collected from different parts of the world. Genetic resource preservation and determination of genetic variability was carried out as a foundation for future breeding work. The germplasm diversity collected in Serbia is a result of its adaptation to diverse ecological conditions and farmers’ selection in accordance with their preference and ethnobotanical utilization. The broad intraspecific variation of the plant, fruit and seed morphology is a direct result of the research carried out. Principal component analysis (PCA) of L. siceraria with 13 quantitative traits showed continuous variation among accessions, primarily due to fruit and seed size and shape. The evident reduction in trait variation is a direct result of the preference for ornamental use that favored certain shapes and sizes of the fruit, which has not significantly changed over the centuries.

This study presents research on the chemical composition of 15 horse chestnut seed genotypes (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) conducted on three different sites. The seeds were picked from selected trees in Bačka Palanka, Novi Sad and Sremski Karlovci at the end of September 2010. The statistical parameters point out the variables of the examined features of the seed. On the basis of the moisture, starch, fat and protein contents in the horse chestnut seeds, the genotypes, the reproductive material which would be used for the intensive production of the high grade seedlings for the greening of the different area categories in urban areas, are distinguished.

Climate change increasingly impacts urban dendroflora, affecting plant physiology and phenological phases. This paper investigates the impact of changing climatic conditions on the blooming of Fraxinus ornus 'Globosa', a decorative form of ash that is a significant component of green infrastructure in Novi Sad, Serbia. The research, conducted over 15 years on 42 individuals in a linear planting near a large river, analyzed temperature and precipitation effects on blooming times and inflorescence characteristics The results indicate changes in the timing of blooming, earlier than recorded in the literature, suggesting that temperature variations and changes in climatic conditions have significantly influenced the phenological phases of the selected clones of globe flowering ash. Additionally, the studied individuals showed exceptional adaptation to climate change and are not considered vulnerable. This study confirmed that this cultivar of flowering ash in urban environments is a key link in the green infrastructure of cities, functioning as green corridors along river flows as a nature-based solution. The studied cultivar is an important element of cultural heritage, contributing to the recreational potential of the linear composition of the promenade, especially during the flowering phenophase, when, in addition to its aesthetic values, it has psychological effects on users of the space, offering a calming influence due to its regular canopy and planting rhythm. Additionally, this cultivar provides important ecological functions, such as offering pollen for pollinators, thereby significantly contributing to the implementation of ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptability and allometric relations of Acer pseudoplatanus and A. pseudoplatanus " Atropurpureum " at different urban sites are investigated in this work via the diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height, and crown width measurements, which served as ordinary least-squares regression model inputs. Differences between A. pseudoplatanus and A. pseudoplatanus " Atropurpureum ," as well as intraurban variations of trees growing at different urban site categories (park and street) and location in the same urban site category with different urban morphology characteristics, were noted. The strongest allometric relations were noted for crown width/tree height and tree height/dbh. Higher uniformity and better linear model fit were obtained for A. pseudoplatanus " Atropurpureum." Based on allometric relations with dbh as the predictor variable, trees growing in parks were shorter and had a wider crown than street trees, whereas the same tree proportions were observed in A. pseudoplatanus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy of preservative solutions on vase life of garden roses has not been researched before. Vast variability and morphological characteristics of this group of roses are very important, making them suitable for their use in bouquets, arrangements and vases. This research was carried out to examine the influence of five preservative solutions on vase life of garden rose cut flowers. The aim of research was to determine best preservative solution for prolonging of vase life of garden rose cut flower. The experiment included 8 rose cultivars cultivated for garden use. Each treatment consisted of 10 cut garden roses. The cut garden rose flowers with vase solution containing Al2(SO4)3+ethanol+sucrose register longer vase life and higher values in water uptake. Vase life of flowers held in tap water (control) was lowest (4.38 days). This research backs the assumption that with the use of preservative solutions, garden rose also can be used as a cut flower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A greenhouse study at increasing salt concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) with or without hydrogel amendment was conducted during a 10-week period in order to examine growth and aesthetic responses of three Salvia species. Subsequent analyses revealed that 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl concentrations had a positive impact on the plant growth (plant height, plant width, fresh weight, and root system volume), while 100 mM NaCl implied a negative response. The positive effect of the hydrogel was most notable in the plant fresh and dry weight, K+ and Ca2+ content, and root system volume. The results further indicate that the amended hydrogel provided sufficient amount of available water and ions that are usually in competition and are limited by excessive Na+ ion amounts. The hydrogel also mitigated the negative influence of higher salt concentrations (75 and 100 mM NaCl), thereby decreasing leaf damage, defoliation, and petal loss, while also improving vitality and aesthetic value of S. farinacea and S. coccinea. In S. splendens, the hydrogel contributed to better vitality but slightly decreased decorativeness. Both qualitative (visual salt damage) and quantitative (growth) parameters proved to be reliable criteria for assessing salt tolerance of the studied Salvia species, while ion removal contributes to the understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms and possible usages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained in Futoški Park, in the city of Novi Sad. The work distinguishes the most longevous and valuable species that have adapted to the urban environment conditions. Based on the studied bio-ecological parameters, Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) was singled out, as a representative of conifers, as well as London plane (Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), Pyramidal white poplar (Populus bolleana Lauche) and the association (Ulmus effusa Willd.), as representatives of deciduous species of significant vitality and decorative value. Individuals with high values of examined parameters can be used in further breeding work as mother plants in the production of planting material for horticulture and landscape architecture. Species grouped according to similar bio-ecological characteristics, isolated via cluster analysis, are recommended as a good arboreal material in future reconstructions of Futoški Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Field & Vegetable Crops Research / Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo is the property of Institute of Field & Vegetable Crops and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)