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Understanding the seasonal dynamics of the forest herb layer and the factors that influence it is essential for predicting how the forest ecosystem, including mutualistic interactions, will respond to global change. However, to date, no research has investigated how understorey phenological guilds respond to major environmental threats and forest interventions.We showed the marked changes in the phenological structure of floodplain forest plant communities over half a century at a multi‐regional scale in Central Europe. Unlike previous studies focusing on individual species' responses to climate change, we examined shifts in species richness, frequency and abundance between phenological guilds within the plant community. We examined the effects of temporal variation in climate, hydrology, soil conditions and canopy structure, and assessed the effects of non‐intervention and intervention management on phenological guild responses.Our results show a significant loss of local species richness and a decline in species frequency in the forest understorey vegetation, associated with species exhibiting summer phenology. In contrast, an increase in abundance and richness of spring flowering species was observed, attributed to high nutrient loads and reduced flooding, respectively. The abundance of spring species increased only in stands where canopy cover increased over time, probably due to the suppression of summer flowering species, allowing spring flowering species to spread on open, bare ground. The community experienced a shift in maximum flowering plant richness from June to May. Despite management interventions such as clearcutting and tree planting, our data show similar temporal trajectories in intervention and non‐intervention forests, indicating that changes in phenological structure are largely independent of recent management activities.Synthesis. We propose that a complex interplay of environmental factors, rather than climate change alone, is shaping shifts towards earlier phenological guilds in floodplain forests. This study highlights the importance of considering a comprehensive view of phenological guild dynamics and the impact of environmental factors on forest plant community structure in the face of global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this work is to evaluate the long-term results of endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms with a stentgraft. Methodology: In the period from June 2011 to December 2023, 66 patients with popliteal artery aneurysm were treated endovascularly at our institution with stentgraft implantation, 60 men and 6 women aged 51 to 90 years, the median age was 70 years. The length of follow-up was 1-128 months, the average follow-up time was 50 months. Patients were regularly observed using doppler imaging, a plain radiograph of the stentgraft and check-ups by a vascular surgeon. Primary and secondary patency of stentgrafts was retrospectively evaluated. Other monitored parameters were the coincidence of bilateral aneurysm of the popliteal artery, aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, integrity failure of the stentgraft skeleton, or the occurrence of migration or collapse of the stentgraft. Results: In our group, the technical success rate was 100%. One-year, three-year, and five-year primary patency rates were 78%, 68.2%, and 61%. Secondary patency rates were 94.8%, 88.6% and 80.5%. According to Kaplan-Maier analysis, the probabilities of primary patency at one, three and five years were 67.4-88.5%, 56.0-80.5%, 46.5-75.5%, and the probabilities of secondary patency at one, three and five years 89.1-100%, 80.0-97.3%, 67.3-93.8%. Stentgraft migration occurred once, collapse also occurred once, and stentgraft integrity failure occurred seven times. The coincidence of bilateral involvement of popliteal artery aneurysm was detected twenty-six times, and the simultaneous occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysm sixteen times. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysm is a simple and safe method that provides acceptable long-term patency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the patency of fenestrations for the renal arteries, superior mesenteric artery, and truncus coeliacus in patients after implantation of fenestrated and branched stent-grafts for pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Another objective was to evaluate the incidence of late type Ia endoleak. Methodology: In the period from 2002 to 2023, 87 patients with pararenal aneurysm of the abdominal aorta were treated at our institution with the implantation of a fenestrated or branched stent-graft. There were 14 women and 73 men aged from 51 to 86 years, the average age was 72 years. Sixty-nine patients were followed-up a year or longer (1-13 years), with CT angiography once a year. Mean follow-up was 4.7 years, median 4 years. The total number of fenestrations and branches in 87 patients was 266. Two hundred and nine fenestrations were followed for longer than a year. Results: A total of 11 fenestrations and branches were occluded, 2 within the first year, 6 one year postoperatively, two fenestrations 2 years postoperatively, and one fenestration was occluded 6 years after procedure. One-year primary patency of fenestrations was 96.2%, three-year patency was 95.1%, and five-year patency was 95.1%. During follow-up, we did not observe a type Ia endoleak in any patient. Conclusion: Patency of fenestrations and branches in patients after implantation of fenestrated and branched stent-grafts for pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is good. The improvement of proximal fixation then leads to a reduction in the risk of migration and the occurrence of a type Ia endoleak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare condition not constantly taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of pulsatory tinnitus. Symptomatology, clinical relevance, and therapy of DAVF depend on its type determined primarily by the characteristics of venous drainage. For reliable detection of DAVF, digital subtraction angiography is necessary. Here we report one case of DAVF and comment on clinical aspects of that potentially very serious anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ochrana osobních údajů je tématem, které začalo být řešeno v souvislosti s náboženskými konflikty. Do popředí se dostalo po druhé světové válce, která zviditelnila možné negativní důsledky zneužití osobních údajů. V současnosti je ochrana osobních údajů zmiňována v souvislosti s implementací nového Nařízení Evropského parlamentu a Rady EU členskými státy EU. Cílem předkládaného článku je vyhodnotit postoje dále specifikovaného výzkumného vzorku podnikatelských subjektů, které vykonávají svou činnost v České republice, ke změnám stanoveným prostřednictvím nové právní úpravy ochrany osobních údajů. Příspěvek prezentuje zejména výstupy provedeného kvantitativního výzkumu založeného na sběru dat prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření, identifikuje slabá místa procesu zavádění GDPR a navrhuje možná zlepšení vedoucí ke komfortnějšímu přechodu podnikatelských subjektů na současné legislativní podmínky v oblasti ochrany osobních údajů stanovené Evropským parlamentem a Radou EU.

Society 4.0 and its tools influence significantly current human activities. Approach of people to use of information have changed, information technologies became part of our daily life. Data are shared and processed using different processing procedures than were used 20 years ago. It has many impacts on lives of individuals and interpersonal relations. This contribution deals with the issue of Internet of Things (IoT) as the tool enabling people more efficient information management. The objective of this contribution is to outline the significance of IoT and provide the overview of this technology. The contribution is based on the literature research and contains bibliometric analysis confirming the IoT significance for current and future human activities.

The method of reporting the imaging techniques findings significantly affects the necessity of viewing the CT scans by the doctor in comprehensive cerebrovascular centre (CCC). In the case of a long interval when images are sent to the CCC archive, the transport of the patient between stroke centre (SC) and CCC is significantly prolonged. It is essential to report the extent of ischemic changes in the MCA territory using the ASPECTS score. Exclusion of patients from interventional treatment based on ASPECTS scores should be approached with caution. It is essential to correctly identify the level of occlusion (especially the distinction between M1 and M2 of the MCA segments), which co-determines the indication for mechanical thrombectomy. Knowledge of extracranial arteries involvement (stenoses, occlusions) is important for the strategy of endovascular surgery. It is appropriate to refer to the anatomy of the carotid arteries with the identification of the aortic arch type III. and significant looping of the carotid arteries, which complicate mechanical thrombectomy. These findings are not a reason to refuse an endovascular procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the development of the proximal neck of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in long-term follow-up in patients after endovascular treatment with stent graft in relation to possible complications. Method: Patients after stent graft implantation (Zenith Flex, Zenith LP, Ella) for abdominal aortic aneurysm from 2004 to 2017. The proximal neck was measured on CT angiography in 236 patients (35 women, 201 men). The diameter of the proximal neck before stent graft implantation, in the follow-up after implantation and the occurrence of complications (stent graft migration, type I endoleak) were evaluated. Neck dilatation was defined as an increase in diameter of more than 2.5 mm compared to follow-up CT angiography one year after implantation. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical processing. Results: Dilation of the neck occurred during follow-up in 69 patients (29.2%). The neck diameter increased significantly in the first 6 years of follow-up. Proximal neck dilatation occurred more frequently with Ella stent grafts (Ella 34.5%, Zenith Flex 20.2%). The incidence of migration and type I endoleak was significantly higher in patients with proximal neck dilatation during follow-up (t-test 0.029). Conclusion: Early progressive dilation of the proximal neck occurs after a stent graph implantation for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In patients with a neck dilatation is a higher incidence stent graft migration caudally and endoleak type I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the importance of long-term follow-up of patients after stent graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysm in terms of the incidence of late complications. Methods: From 1996 to 2021, 649 patients with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries were treated endovascularly at our institution. Sixty-nine patients were followed ten or more years after stent graft implantation, 61 men and 8 women aged 50 to 81 years, the average age was 67 years. Patients were followed up with CT angiography and an X-ray of the stent graft skeleton at one-year intervals. Follow-up duration was 10-22 years, mean follow-up was 14 years, median was 13 years. Results: During follow-up in a group of 69 patients, 29 complications (42%) were detected in 22 patients (31%), which were indicated for treatment. In 8 (11.5%) patients type II endoleak without enlargement of the aneurysm sac were diagnosed, i.e. without indication for therapy. Twenty-nine late complications occurred in 1 to 18 years after stent graft implantation, 6 in less than 5 years, 12 complications in 5-10 years. Eleven complications in more than 10 years (18%), of which 9 complications in 7 patients who had no complications in the first 5 years and reduced or stationary sac aneurysm. One patient had stent graft migration, 4 patients had migration and Ia endoleak, 3 had Ib endoleak, 8 patients had type III endoleak, 3 had type II endoleak with aneurysm sac growth, 5 had endotension, and two patients had iliac limb thrombosis, stent graft thrombosis in one, and abscess in the retroperitoneum in 2 patients. Most complications were indicated for endovascular treatment. Conclusion: Late complications after stent graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysm at risk of aortic rupture can occur at any time during follow-up, even in patients who had no complication in the first five years after implantation and even had a reduced aneurysm sac. Long-term follow-up of patients after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm is therefore essential, and patients cannot be excluded from follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease (CeD) manifests with autoimmune intestinal inflammation from gluten and genetic predisposition linked to human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) gene variants. Antigen-presenting cells facilitate gluten exposition through the interaction of their surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with the T cell receptor (TCR) on T lymphocytes. This fundamental mechanism of adaptive immunity has broadened upon recognition of extracellular exosomal MHC, raising awareness of an alternative means for antigen presentation. This study demonstrates that conditioned growth media (CGM) previously exposed to monocyte-derived dendritic cells from CeD significantly downregulates the CD3+ lineage marker of control T cells. Such increased activation was reflected in their elevated IL-2 secretion. Exosome localization motif identification and quantification within HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 transcripts highlighted their significant prevalence within HLA-DQB1 alleles associated with CeD susceptibility. Flow cytometry revealed the strong correlation between HLA-DQ and the CD63 exosomal marker in T cells exposed to CGM from MoDCs sourced from CeD patients. This resulted in lower concentrations of CD25+ CD127− T cells, suggestive of their compromised induction to T-regulatory cells associated with CeD homeostasis. This foremost comparative study deciphered the genomic basis and extracellular exosomal effects of HLA transfer on T lymphocytes in the context of CeD, offering greater insight into this auto-immune disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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