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This paper presents the process of real estate reallocation as a mass cadastral subdivision process of agrarian communities% customary rights. The agricultural communities have existed for centuries and have been jointly owning and using the common land. Such gatherings were developed mainly due to the unique requirements deriving from land use and relief characteristics, such as joint forest management on mountain slopes. The main objective of this research has been to analyse the process of real estate subdivision, which has its legal background in Slovenian legislation. In this paper, the process of cadastral subdivision of land owned by agricultural communities is presented as a mass cadastral land subdivision process: from preparatory work to the new geometric structure of the common land. The cadastral, organisational, and engineering role of the chartered surveying engineer and the surveying company is examined. An aim of the paper is, inter alia, to develop a conceptual model of the process that will serve as a basis for optimisation, for a more just and more efficient distribution of assets among community members. The course of the individual steps of the community established land subdivision is shown with unified modelling language (UML) activity diagrams. As a case study, we have considered the subdivision of the property of the agricultural community of Zgornja Sorica in Slovenia. V prispevku je predstavljen postopek razdružitve nepremičnega premoženja agrarnih skupnosti kot primer množične katastrske preureditve območja agrarne skupnosti. To je skupnost lastnikov zemljišč, ki obstaja več stoletij in ima v skupni lastnini ali solastnini zemljišča v vasi oziroma njeni bližini. Take oblike lastništva zemljišč so nastale predvsem na območjih, kjer so naravne razmere in raba zemljišč narekovali skupno upravljanje in izkoriščanje zemljišč, kot je na primer skupno upravljanje gorskih gozdov. Namen raziskave je bil vsebinsko in procesno analizirati postopek razdruževanja lastnine agrarnih skupnosti. Rezultat je sistematično opisan postopek operacije razdeljevanja zemljišč agrarnih skupnosti, in sicer kot množični katastrski postopek preurejanja zemljišč: od ugotavljanja obstoječega katastrskega stanja do nove parcelne strukture zemljišč. Ob tem je proučena katastrska, organizatorska in projektantska vloga pooblaščenega inženirja geodetske stroke in geodetskega podjetja v Sloveniji. Cilj prispevka je bil oblikovati konceptualni procesni model, ki bo podlaga za optimizacijo razdeljevanja premoženja med člane skupnosti. Zaporedni potek posameznih korakov razdružitve zemljišč agrarne skupnosti je predstavljen z diagrami aktivnosti v jeziku UML. Kot študijo primera obravnavamo razdelitev premoženja Agrarne skupnosti Zgornja Sorica

This paper presents a 3D cadastral data model for buildings. A review of the relevant research shows that a common concept in the 3D cadastre domain is using the legal building unit, i.e. real property unit, as the core modelling unit. Alternatively, this study proposes using indoor space as a core modelling unit. The main reason is to enable the efficient integration of cadastral data with the data from other domains. On the conceptual level, the model is linked to the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). The integration options are studied for three international standards: IFC, CityGML and IndoorGML.

Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) are a key asset for Europe. This paper concentrates on unsolved issues in SDIs in Europe related to the management of semantic heterogeneities. It studies contributions and competences from two communities in this field: cartographers, authoritative data providers, and geographic information scientists on the one hand, and computer scientists working on the Web of Data on the other. During several workshops organized by the EuroSDR and Eurogeographics organizations, the authors analyzed their complementarity and discovered reasons for the difficult collaboration between these communities. They have different and sometimes conflicting perspectives on what successful SDIs should look like, as well as on priorities. We developed a proposal to integrate both perspectives, which is centered on the elaboration of an open European Geographical Knowledge Graph. Its structure reuses results from the literature on geographical information ontologies. It is associated with a multifaceted roadmap addressing interrelated aspects of SDIs.

This article is about the activities of agriculturalland consolidation in Slovenia and some criticalpoints regarding their implementation. The study hasfocused on administrative land consolidations, whichare implemented in accordance with the legislationregarding agricultural land management. In theresearch, the role of the individual land consolidatorconsolidations actor in land consolidation procedureswas studied. For this purpose, an inquiry into the landconsolidation participants, administrative units andmunicipalities was conducted. It has been observedthat in Slovenia the support of public institutions inthe field of land consolidation is extremely weak. Theexceptions are the areas with significant experiencein this field, where land owners and consolidationparticipants are generally extremely satisfied withthe results. Nowadays, land consolidation may be apart of a development project. The praxis in Sloveniastill follows the traditional approaches, partly due tothe weak public institutional support in comparisonto foreign experiences. Land consolidation should beconsidered to be an instrument of national interest,due to benefits such as improvement of conditionsfor agricultural and rural development, landscapearrangements, supporting food self-security, not tomention other benefits such as new cadastral surveyingand qualitative spatial data in the framework of landand spatial information systems. Namen prispevka je predstaviti dejavnosti na področju izvajanja komasacij kmetijskih zemljišč v Sloveniji ter izpostaviti kritične točke njihovega izvajanja. Pritem smo se osredotočili na upravne komasacije, ki se izvajajo v skladu z zakonodajo s področja upravljanjakmetijskih zemljišč. V raziskavi smo preučevali vlogeposameznih komasacijskih deležnikov v komasacijskih postopkih. V ta namen smo izvedli anketiranje komasacijskih udeležencev, upravnih enot in občin.Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je podpora komasacijam s strani obravnavanih javnih institucij v Sloveniji relativno šibka. Izjema so območja z veliko izkušnjami na tem področju, kjer so lastniki zemljišč, udeleženci komasacij, v splošnem zelo zadovoljni z rezultati komasacij. Komasacije zemljišč so danes lahko del razvojnih projektov, toda praksa v Sloveniji še vednosledi pretežno tradicionalnim pristopom, delno tudi zaradi šibke institucionalne podpore v primerjavis tujimi praksami. Komasacije zemljišč bi morali obravnavati kot instrument javnega interesa, saj prinašajo številne prednosti, kot so izboljšanje pogojev kmetijske pridelave in razvoja podeželja, urejanjakrajine, posredno prispevajo k prehranski samooskrbi, da ne omenjamo drugih koristi, kot sta nova katastrska izmera in kakovostni prostorski podatki v okviru zemljiških in prostorskih informacijskih sistemov

This chapter suggests a methodology for semantic enrichment of spatial data resulting from economic behavior. The proposed methodology has a universal scope and could be applied to any behavior involving the movement of an entity for economic reasons. The proposed methodology has its foundations in an evolutionary approach and subscribes to the axioms of evolutionary ontology. The proposed methodology is in line with Kuhn’s claim for the design of ontologies with a focus on human activities in geographic space; but rather than applying text analysis and limiting the focus to ontology in information science, the author enriches the semantic reference system of economic movement data with an ontology based on the general analytical framework of economic evolution stated in terms of a unified rule approach. This, the authors argue, results in an analytical ontology of geographic space and an enhanced understanding of economic movement data. The ontological, analytical, and theoretical propositions are applied to a data set of historical ship movements.

Nowadays, spatial planning - especially its contents and methodology - is very close related to the geographical information system (GIS). In the paper the relationship of spatial planning for the purpose of defense of Republic of Slovenia and GIS is presented. Some possibilities for further development of the use of GIS in the procedures of spatial planning to the emphasis on defense are discussed Geo-informacijski sistem je danes nepogrešljiva podpora prostorskega planiranja, ki se močno prepleta z njegovo vsebino in metodologijo. V prispevku je predstavljena njuna medsebojna povezanost pri izdelavi analize razvojnih možnosti ter oblikovanja zasnove področja obrambe za potrebe prostorskega plana Slovenije. V zaključku prispevek podaja možnosti nadaljnjega prostorskega razvoja obrambe, predvsem pa uporabe geo-informacijske podpore v procesu prostorskega planiranja

Paper describes the application of field (mobile pen) computers for spatial (geographical) data gathering and maintenance. The emphasis is on topographic data (digital large-scale maps) and cadastral data (digital cadastral maps) updating. Recent attempts in Slovenia are oriented to further automation of data field collection methods that are based on electronic tachometers (total station) and GPS rovers. The research was oriented towards the real time acquisition of various attributes (location, description and time) for topographic and cadastral spatial objects Članek predstavlja vlogo in pomen terenskih (peresnih) računalnikov za zajemanje in vzdrževanje prostorskih (geografskih) podatkov, s posebnim poudarkom na topografskih podatkih (karte velikih meril) in katastrskih podatkih (načrt raznih meril). Glavni namen je avtomatizacija terenske izmere, zlasti tistega dela, ki se ukvarja z uporabo digitalnih kart in načrtov za terensko podlago (digitalna skica) pri detajlni izmeri s pomočjo elektronskih tahimetrov (ET) in GPS sprejemnikov. Skušala sva opredeliti predvsem uporabnost ter namembnost terenskih računalnikov, skupaj z mobilno CAD ali GIS programsko opremo, v povezavi s prenosnim GPS sprejemnikom in ET