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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nesvětice leží v blízkosti Mariánských Radčic v okrese Most v severozápadních Čechách. Název lokality je odvozen od názvu zaniklé vrcholné středověké vsi a lokalita v sobě zahrnuje dvě navzájem provázané polohy. První představuje rozsáhlé pohřebiště z 11.–13. století objevené roku 1970 a následně v letech 1984–1988 a 2013–2023, druhou polohou je vlastní zaniklá středověká ves z přelomu 12. a 13. až druhé poloviny 15. století, kde výzkum probíhal mezi lety 2019–2023. Výzkumy vyvolané postupem těžby hnědého uhlí velkolomem Bílina provádělo nejprve Národní muzeum v Praze pod vedením Vladimíra Brycha (1984–1988) a následně Archeologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky v Praze pod vedením Michala Soukupa (do r. 2015) a Petra Čecha. Celá lokalita byla po ukončení výzkumu plánovitě odtěžena v letech 2023 a 2024. Na obou nalezištích byly učiněny nálezy korálků z drahých kamenů, které původně tvořily součást hrobových výbav. Celkem zde bylo nalezeno devět korálků z karneolu, křišťálu a fluoritu. Jelikož pro území Čech dosud nebyl vytvořen podrobnější soupis nálezů tohoto druhu, byl učiněn pokus o alespoň částečné napravení tohoto stavu. V souvislosti s tím se do popředí dostaly některé další otázky a problémy spojené s nálezy korálků z drahých kamenů na našem území.

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Archaeologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The decade of Joseph II’s reign was crucial for Jewish history in the Habsburg monarchy. For the first time, in the context of the growing Enlightenment-absolutist tendencies of the state and changing attitudes towards members of non-Catholic Christian denominations, the Jewish issue became an important part of state policy, and the monarch did not hesitate to intervene in almost all spheres of Jewish life during his reign. He sought to gain greater control over this minority, distinct in both religion and language, to bring it closer to the life of the majority society and make it more useful to the state. The key area through which he intended to promote these aims was Jewish education. All of this was closely related to the Enlightenment-absolutist state’s efforts to comprehensively reform the monarchy’s educational system, the aim of which was to provide education under state supervision for broad sections of the population, thus helping to “elevate them morally” and turn them into useful citizens of the state. However, since Jewish education in its traditional form played a crucial role in the process of preserving Jewish identity, most Czech Jews viewed the changes that Joseph II brought about in this area with apprehension and distrust. The importance of education for the Jewish community was understood by all concerned – the monarch, the highest central and provincial authorities, the Jewish enlighteners who supported state policy – but resisted by their opponents within the Jewish community, that is to say adherents of the rabbinic tradition, which led to a number of clashes related to these developments. This article first outlines the forms of Jewish education in Bohemia in the second half of the 18th century, then discusses the efforts of the Josephine state to transform them and enforce compulsory secular education for Jews in the context of the Habsburg monarchy. Finally, it sheds light on the various Jewish reactions to these developments and reflects on the outcome of events in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emanuel Bořický (*11 December 1840 Milín, +27 January 1881 Prague) was a prominent Czech petrologist and mineralogist, professor at Charles University in Prague and custodian of the mineralogical collections of the National Museum in Prague. Ha was the first in Bohemia who systematically used a petrological microscope in his work. He was the first in the world to introduce the methods of microchemistry into petrology. He published about 100 scientific articles, short communications and monographs. As a mineralogist, he mainly devoted his career to chemical analyzes of minerals. He recognized then new minerals as zepharovichite (today wavellite), uranotile (today uranophane), přílepite (fossil resin) and parankerite (Fe-dolomite). In 1868, James Dwight Dana named the mineral borickite (bořickýite, now delvauxite) in his honor. He published four extensive studies: on Czech basalts (1873), phonolites (1874), melaphyres (1876) and porphyrites (1881). He published his method of microchemical determination of rock-forming minerals in 1877. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The guild reforms introduced from the 1730s to the 1750s comprise various regulatory documents issued by Charles VI and his daughter Maria Theresa, the most obvious manifestation of which was the issuance of the General Guild Patent of 1731 and the General Guild Order of 1739. In the Czech and Austrian lands, the reforms in the mid-18th century were conceived primarily as a means of „liberalizing“ economic legislation, with an emphasis on restricting the power of the guilds. At least for the reign of Charles VI and his successor Maria Theresa, however, the opposite is true. While the feudal decrees certainly mention the need to purge the guild system of various abuses and faults, this does not mean that the aim of the reforms was to significantly weaken the economic and, in particular, the social role of these guild organizations. Rather, craftsmen in the Czech lands welcomed the issuance of the general guild patent and the subsequent general guild rules, especially in the question of non-guild craftsmen and the discipline of journeymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

V letech 1963‒1980 proběhl soupis pomístních jmen (anoikonym, mikrotoponym) na území Čech. Mezi doklady je i 341 anoikonym s výrazem Cikán/cikán a jeho odvozeninami (výraz Cikán/cikán užíváme v historickém kontextu jako etnonymum nebo jako apelativum ve významu „kočovník“). Tato pomístní jména jsou různého stáří a nacházíme je na celém území Čech. Nejčastěji se jednalo o označení míst určených k táboření Cikánů/cikánů či připomínající nějakou událost spojenou s Cikány/cikány. Pomístní jména vztahující se k osobnímu jménu Cikán pak bývala většinou motivována majetkovým vztahem.

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Staleta Praha is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quarterly of the History of Material Culture / Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej is the property of Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A text bringing for the first time a comprehensive survey of Němeček’s reflections on genius contained in all of his known published writings as well as in his lectures on aesthetics surviving in the handwritten student’s notes taken down by Peter Eduard Bolzano. A summary of Němeček’s views is followed by a review of their sources and inspirations. The study points to the relevance of anthropology textbooks and treatises for the time’s approaches to the thematization of genius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the activities of the Hochstim family: Jewish stonemasons active in the second half of the nineteenth century, mainly in Kraków, but also in other Galician towns and in Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland). Four generations of this family were active in the field of stonemasonry. The highest position was achieved by Fabian Hochstim (1825-1906) who completed prestigious commissions such as the renovation of royal tombstones on Wawel Hill. His enterprise, which for many years was located in Kraków's main square, specialized in the production of tombstones for both Jewish and Christian cemeteries. Fabian's son, Adolf, pursued his father's business and also sold building materials. The Hochstim family employed modern business strategies to establish the corporate identity of their enterprise, such as participation in public exhibitions and marketing campaigns in the press. With success and despite obstacles they achieved a strong market position in an environment that was dominated by traditional guilds. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the family remained faithful to the Jewish tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Václav Frič (1839-1916) came from a large extended Prague family, which included many other important personalities active in various fields of human endeavor. In 1861, Václav Frič founded a store with natural products and teaching aids, which was initially located in Vodičková street in Prague, and from 1877 in Vladislavova street. The company supplied zoological specimens, minerals, rocks and aids for naturalists to schools, collectors, museums and universities, mainly in Europe, but also throughout the world. The range of products was extensive, the company prospered well for a long time and became world famous. Its exhibits have received awards several times at world exhibitions. After the death of Václav Frič, his son Jaromír Frič took over the company. In 1959, he terminated its activities, and the natural products stored in the company building were taken over by the National Museum in Prague. In the mineralogical collection of the National Museum there are almost 2,800 items of minerals originating from the company V. Frič. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two concentration camps were established for Roma people in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1942. Roma from Bohemia were deported to Lety and Roma from Moravia to the camp near Hodonín u Kunštátu, before most of them were murdered in the "Gypsy family camp" (Zigeunerlager) in Auschwitz II. Birkenau. The lists of prisoners are valuable not only for historians (they were published previously by the historian Ctibor Nečas), but also for onomastics, as they allow us to analyse the naming practise of Czech and Moravian Roma in the pre-war period. There are 325 unique surnames on these lists, with most of them being Czech or German, and they thus demonstrate the connection with the territory and its language(s). The study discusses the most common Roma surnames in Moravia (e.g. Daniel, Holomek, Burianský) and in Bohemia (e.g. Růžička, Janeček, Vrba) as well as the surnames of Sinti living in the Czech borderland regions (e.g. Winter). It is shown that the surnames of Roma from Bohemia and Moravia were different due to the historical and social reasons. They were mostly derived from personal names (e.g. Florián) and place names (e.g. Dubský), they were motivated by the occupation adopted (e.g. Kovář 'smith') or the character and appearance of the individual (e.g. Malík 'small'). After the war, only 583 of the 4,870 Roma who had been imprisoned returned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of publishing titles in Bohemia and Moravia at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, whose authors are personalities with their origin from the territory of today's Slovakia, can be observed from multiple aspects. The publication of the majority of these works is concentrated in Prague. The presented study is focused also on a smaller group of titles published outside of Prague, in other, smaller printing centres (in Brno, Olomouc, Litomyšl and Hradec Králové). Their activity begins as early as the end of the 15th century and ends in 1621. We briefly note the authors and the works they published in Bohemia and Moravia, including the printers who printed these works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studie představuje příspěvek k poznání procesu výroby cínového bronzu v době bronzové na základě výpovědi kovových slitků. Jedná se o doklady metalurgické aktivity jak ve formě materiálových polotovarů/ingotů, tak odpadu vznikajícím při výrobní činnosti. Kovové slitky se vyskytují po většinu doby bronzové v různých kontextech. Mají rozmanitou povahu, funkci a původ. Kromě materiálových analýz nebyla dosud slitkům původem z Čech věnována komplexní systematická pozornost, a to zejména z hlediska jejich podrobné deskripce a z ní vyplývajících dat k posouzení druhu produktů. Výzkum se zaměřil na studium formálních vlastností slitků, kategorií hutnických a slévačských produktů v rámci operačního řetězce metalurgie bronzu a vzorců organizačního a technologického zacházení v rámci různého prostoru a času. Využity a komparovány byly jak klasické archeologické metody dokumentace, tak přírodovědné analytické metody.

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Staleta Praha is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The medieval perception of the foreigner and the "other" was not an isolated phenomenon, but part of a broader image of the ideological and real worlds, in which people who did not come from a different country but represented some social, cultural and other differences could be regarded as "foreign". This is not a surprising discovery, but a logical consequence of the structure of medieval society. Thus we can assume that the more "social bubbles" and hence imagined "boundaries" there are in society, the bigger the collection of people, phenomena etc. which in some circumstances may be regarded as "foreign". However, this brief reflection is not aimed at refining the definition of the "foreigner" in medieval Bohemian sources or at providing further evidence of the multifaceted nature of the concept. It focuses only on the question of whether and how the issue of the "foreigners" is reflected also in other thematic areas of modern medieval studies. Using several source examples, the author seeks to demonstrate how the phenomenon of the "foreigner" can in some circumstances be used as a kind of analytical category in seemingly distant topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early medieval archaeological finds of grape pips (Vitis vinifera) are dated in Bohemia to the period between 8th to 12th centuries. In the earliest horizon of the 8th century, they occurred only rarely and outside the territory of today’s Prague. The situation changed during the 9th century – their occurrence is proven especially at Prague Castle and in its outer bailey in the Lesser Town, scarcely also at the hillforts of Mělník and Žatec, and from the 10th century onwards, also at Libice. Princely donations of vineyards and wine growers which are documented in charters issued by monasteries and chapters established from the late 10th to the 12th centuries prove that viniculture was widespread in various parts of the old settlement area. The most important regions included especially the central part of Bohemia, namely Prague/the Prague region, and northwestern Bohemia with the Litoměřice region in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Julius Frieser (1843-1908) was a prominent mineral collector who contributed to the research of minerals of the Bohemian Central Mountains, especially zeolites. He personally discovered a new mesolite mineral site in Bedřichov near Benešov nad Ploučnicí. He was known among professional mineralogists from Prague and Vienna, as well as among other collectors of minerals, and was a member of the Litoměřice mineral collectors' club, which organized regular mineral exchanges in Litoměřice around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, visited by famous geologists and mineralogists. He built a large systematic collection of minerals from around the world, which included about four thousand items and 350 species. After his death, the collection, or part of it, was acquired by the collector Julia Schildbach from Mariánské Lázně. Her collection was acquired by the National Museum, Prague in 1946. Among Schildbach's minerals, 854 items originally from Frieser have currently been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The craftsmen guilds were an integral part of the municipal society in every free royal town and privileged landlord cities in the territory of present Slovakia as a part of the former Hungarian Kingdom during the Early Modern Period. The privileged town of Nitra was the property of local bishop and its burghers possessed a lot of privileges and rights. Most of them worked as artisans and therefore they associated themselves to the guilds for protection of their crafts. Craftsmen in Nitra made its production for the need of local inhabitants only. During the 16th and 17th centuries most of the artisans in Nitra got the rules of their guilds through the charts issued by bishop of Nitra as landlord. The bricklayers in Nitra and Nitra county established their guild on the 24 July 1724, when the Emperor and King Charles the Sixth (the Third) of Habsburg issued the royal privilege for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management Issues / Problemy Zarządzania is the property of Problemy Zarzadzania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cílem příspěvku je zhodnotit více než 60letý vývoj systematického studia keramiky vrcholného a pozdního středověku v Čechách a představit základní témata a metody, které se rozvíjely v souladu s formující se disciplínou archeologie mladšího středověku. Na středověké keramice jako nejrozšířenějším artefaktu a různých přístupech k jejímu studiu můžeme dobře ilustrovat vývoj české archeologie mladšího středověku, který ovlivňovaly soudobá archeologická paradigmata a v počátcích studia i ideologické koncepty spojené s marxistickou historiografií. Vývoj studia vrcholně a pozdně středověké keramiky můžeme rozčlenit do pěti hlavních období – starožitnické období, počátky studia – typologická fáze, další rozvoj typologického studia zaměřeného na regionální sekvence keramiky až po současnou pokračující kontextuální fázi s důrazem na komplexnější pojetí studia a hlubší sociálně-ekonomické otázky. Podobný trend ve vývoji studia středověké keramiky můžeme zaznamenat i u západoevropských zemí. Vývoj je v předloženém příspěvku demonstrován rovněž na základě kritického hodnocení publikovaných studií o vrcholně a pozdně středověké keramice v předních domácích periodikách – Archeologické rozhledy a Archaeologia historica.

Článek předkládá aktuální pohled na problematiku neolitické těžební lokality Bílý kámen u Sázavy (okr. Benešov). Své výsledky opírá jak o analýzu dostupných starších nálezů, tak o poznatky získané novým archeologickým výzkumem. Zjištění ukazují, že tradovanou představu o jedné z nejvýznamnějších památek po pravěké těžební činnosti nesilicitových hornin ve střední Evropě bude nutné podstatně revidovat. Již konstatování, že se nejedná o hlavní zdroj suroviny mramorových náramků kultury s vypíchanou keramikou (5100/5000–4500/4400 cal BC) otevírá nový prostor ve zdánlivě dávno vyřešené diskusi. Zároveň získaná radiokarbonová data obohacují naše poznání o aktivity probíhající na Bílém kameni v pozdním středověku a raném novověku.

Studie je v české archeologii raného středověku prvním pokusem o souhrnné uchopení nové pramenné kategorie, již představují kovové nálezy s vysokým interpretačním potenciálem. Jako výkladový klíč není volen obvyklý kulturně-historický rámec postavený na historickém narativu, nýbrž otázka vztahu nově definované pramenné kategorie signifikantních kovových artefaktů ke konvenční archeologické pramenné bázi. Regiony, z nichž jsou v současné době dostupná reprezentativní a v dílčím rozsahu analyzovaná výzkumná data (Českobrodsko a Kolínsko, oblast dolního toku Berounky), nabízejí optikou kovových předmětů 7. až první třetiny 9. století výrazně odlišný pohled na sídelní strukturu tehdejších Čech, která zahrnuje nadregionálně provázaná výrobní a distribuční centra, samostatná sídla či stanoviště nejvyšších společenských elit, zatímco nálezy z periferních oblastí ukazují významné komunikační koridory a rozšiřují nálezový fond české archeologie o zcela nové kategorie nálezů.

Předkládaná studie shrnuje v ýsledky analytických povrchových sběrů a velkoplošného geofyzikálního průzkumu, které byly realizovány v poloze Havransko, k. ú. Vestec nad Mrlinou, okr. Nymburk. Havraň plnila dle písemných pramenů v raném středověku roli správního centra nižšího řádu, ve vrcholném středověku se zde nacházela tvrz typu motte s hospodářským dvorem a několika poddanskými usedlostmi. Cílem nedestruktivního archeologického výzkumu bylo především poznání podoby raně středověkého osídlení a jeho proměn ve vrcholném středověku. Nedestruktivní výzkum potvrdil chronologické zařazení lokality do raného až pozdního středověku (nejpozději 10. až 15. století). Na základě výsledků povrchových sběrů lze sledovat poměrně výrazné posuny osídlení v jednotlivých fázích, které byly vyčleněny na základě technologických keramických tříd. Geofyzikální prospekce ukázala nejvyšší koncentraci sídlištních objektů na terénní vlně táhnoucí se napříč zkoumanou plochou, kde byly zároveň zjištěny největší kumulace keramiky při povrchových sběrech.

Dwunasta księga „Etymologii” jest, jak wiemy, poświęcona opisom zwierząt (podzielonych na osiem grup). Isidor z Sewilli, opierając się na wcześniejszych relacjach, czerpał z tych źródeł najważniejsze elementy charakteryzujące poszczególne stworzenia. Dwunasta księga zbiera i niejako kumuluje starożytne i wczesnochrześcijańskie poglądy na temat naturalnych kształtów ciała, sposobów zachowania i reakcji zwierząt. Podczas prezentacji niektórych z nich biskup Sewilli wyraźnie wyakcentował te ich cechy – przedstawione w dostępnych mu źródłach – które w jego interpretacji były bądź wspólne dla ludzi i zwierząt, bądź też były podobne do cech ludzkich. Izydor pokazał w ten sposób wiele cech ze sfery psycho-mentalnej i moralnej u takich zwierząt jak: bos, canis, delfinus, elephantus, equus, formica, iricius, leo, serpens i simia. W mniejszym zaś stopniu wskazywał na podobieństwo cech somatycznych u ludzi i ptaków (coturnix, pica, psittacus) oraz na analogie w życiu „społecznym” ludzi, owadów i ptaków (apis, ciconia). Wydaje się, że zwracanie uwagi na cechy wspólne zwierząt, owadów i ludzi było ważnym elementem w Izydorowym postrzeganiu świata zwierząt. Jest to również jedna ze szczególnych cech jego szeroko rozumianej antropologii.

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study compares the surnames from the Tax Lists from Bohemia (1654) and Moravia and Silesia (1669‒1679) with those from the current surname list (2017), with the aim to map the changes of the onymic system. A special attention is paid to changes in the names beginning with the letter K, with a particular focus on surnames which have already become extinct or they are about to disappear soon. The reasons for the disappearance of surnames are primarily biological (no sons in the family). However, some family names have been changed over the years, and another reason is the migration, which has had an impact on the onymic system as well. The system of Czech surnames underwent great changes as a result of the Second World War, when some Jewish surnames disappeared and the surnames of the expelled German inhabitants were lost. The article also poses a question which surnames can actually be considered to be Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2000, a rescue archaeological survey was conducted on the premises of today's nursing home on the Dómský Hill, the place of early medieval hillfort. During the excavations, three rare early medieval coins were found. These are deniers of the Dukes Jaromír (Cach 1970, no. 256), Vladislav II (Cach 1972, no. 597) and Bedřich (Cach 1972, no. 635). Another, till now unpublished denier of Vratislav II (Cach 1972, no. 352) was found in a grave. These coins illustrate the intensive money circulation at the site (including its hinterland) from which a total of 11 earlier coin finds are known and reflect the importance of the Litoměřice settlement during 10th and 12th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study analyses initial determination and development of social roles of the Hungarian Protestant pastors' socio-professional group of the Augsburg and Helvetic confessions, "new born" in Bohemia and Moravia as a result of the Patent of Toleration of Emperor Joseph II. In the period 1781--1815, this group numbered about two hundred individuals. The aim is an assessment of the integration of "foreign" and "strange" pastors into the post-baroque Czech society. Descriptions of the first meetings with pastors testify to the widespread interest, especially from Czech countryside residents, motivated primarily by the curiosity of the unknown and exotic. The author investigates pastors' strategies to overcome language and cultural barriers, as well as the evolution of social status fluctuating between the elite and the servitorship, which stabilized during the first third of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knihovna is the property of Library Institute of the Czech National Library and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the reception of a prominent Baroque Polish writer, Jesuit Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, introduced by Bohuslav Balbín in the Czech literature (in the Latin work Versimilia humaniorum disciplinarum, 1666; Czech translation 2006: Nástin humanitních disciplín, i.e "Outline of Humanities"), he also follows the reception of Sarbiewski's personality and works, especially in the Czech history of Polish literature and dictionaries of Polish writers. Furthermore, he focuses on the reception of Sarbiewski in Slovakia, especially in the work of the Slovak revivalist writer, priest Timoteu Cochius (pen name Ctiboh Zoch). In the end, he recalls the critic reflections of the Czech emigrant Slavist Antonín Měšťan in a review of the proceedings of the Warsaw Conference on Sarbiewski (1995). The author states that one can agree Měšťan's view that the Polish Proceedings on the Work of Sarbiewski could become a model for similar studies of Slavonic literatures of the Baroque period, especially in Bohemia, where emotionally burdened understanding on the one side of Hussite Objective scientific research on both opposing epochs has made it difficult for different poles for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]