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The aim of the research is to determine the reliability of testing various contractile functions of a male hand based on motoric and functional dominance and age. The examinee takes a seat with their arm extended or mildly flexed in a mildly abducted position. For the measuring purposes, dynamometric probe with isometric straining conditions fixed to a special construction was used. The 'Isometrics' (ver. 3.1.1) was used and frequency of data selection was realized on the level of 500 Hz. The sample includes 269 male examinees aged from 14.0 to 69.9. The results of descriptive statistics have shown that in relation to the tested sample for the non-dominant hand, values for maximum force (Fmax) range from 462.8 to 529.0 N, for explosive force (RFDmax) the range is from 1621.6 to 1972.8 N/s and for muscular force impulse (ImpF50%max) from 8203.9 to 15552.3 Ns, while Fmax values the dominant hand ranges from 478.1 to 566.2 N, for RFDmax it ranges from 1742.6 to 2119.0 N/s and for ImpF50%max 9516.7 to 16845.1 Ns. The results have shown that it is reliable to measure all three examined contractile hand characteristics where by ICC ranges from 0.938 to 0.977 for Fmax, from 0.903 to 0.971 for RFDmaxand from 0.747 to 0.943 for ImpF50%max. The second try as the better result should be considered the representational value for Fmaxand RFDmaxvariables, regardless of the hand dominance or age group. While for the variable ImpF50%max, in the age groups from 35.0 to 49.9 and from 50.0 to 69.9, the first tested try for both hands should be considered, in 14.0 to 19.9 years group the second try should be taken into consideration, and in 20.0 to 34.9 age range, the better result of the non-dominant hand is the first try, and of the dominant is the second try. Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi pouzdanost testiranja različitih kontraktilnih funkcija šake muškaraca, u zavisnosti od motoričko-funkcionalne dominantnosti i uzrasta. Ispitanik zauzima sedeći položaj sa opruženom ili blago fleksiranom rukom, postavljenom u blago abdukcioni položaj. Za potrebe merenja upotrebljena je dinamometrijska sonda, sa izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja, fiksirana za specijalnu konstrukciju. Korišćen je softver 'Isometrics' (ver. 3.1.1), a frekvencija odabira podataka realizovana je na nivou od 500 Hz. Uzorak je obuhvatio 269 ispitanika muškog pola, uzrasta od 14.0 do 69.9 godina. Rezultati deskriptivne statistike su pokazali da se u odnosu na testirani uzorak za nedominantnu ruku vrednosti ispoljene maksimalne jačine (Fmax) nalaze u rasponu od 462.8 do 529.0 N, za eksplozivnu jačinu (RFDmax) u rasponu od 1621.6 do 1972.8 N/s i za impuls mišićne jačine (ImpF50%max) od 8203.9 do 15552.3 Ns, dok su vrednosti Fmax za dominantnu ruku u rasponu od 478.1 do 566.2 N, za RFDmax u rasponu od 1742.6 do 2119.0 N/s i za ImpF50%max od 9516.7 do 16845.1 Ns. Utvrđeno je da se pouzdano mogu meriti sve tri ispitivane kontraktilne karakteristike šake, pri čemu se ICC nalazi u rasponu od 0.938 do 0.977 za Fmax, od 0.903 do 0.971 za RFDmax, i od 0.747 do 0.943 za ImpF50%max.Kao reprezentativnu vrednost za varijable Fmax i RFDmax, bez obzira na dominantnost ruke, ili uzrasnu grupu, treba uzimati drugi pokušaj kao bolji rezultat. Dok za varijablu ImpF50%max, u uzrasnim grupama od 35.0 do 49.9 i od 50.0 do 69.9 godina, uglavnom treba uzimati prvi testirani pokušaj za obe ruke, u grupi od 14.0 do 19.9 godina drugi testirani pokušaj, a u uzrastu od 20.0 do 34.9 godina bolji rezultat nedominantne ruke je prvi, a dominantne drugi pokušaj.

U ovom istraživanju, na osnovu primarnog cilja definisani su uticaji morfoloških i kinetičkih parametara na visinu skoka kod odbojkašica različite takmičarske uspešnosti. Na osnovu sekundarnih ciljeva, utvrđeno je u kojoj meri morfološki i kinetički parametri utiču na visinu različitih skova u odnosu na nivo utreniranosti, i definisani su modeli predikcije različitih skova na osnovu morfoloških i kinetičkih varijabli. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 63 ispitanice, podeljene u tri grupe. Prvu grupu ispitanica činilo je 18 vrhunski treniranih odbojkašica. Odbojkašice su bile aktivne elitne takmičarke, članice seniorske reprezentacije Srbije (OS) i učesnice na Evropskom ili Svetskom prvenstvu, odnosno na Olimpijskim igrama. Drugu grupu ispitanica činilo je 20 odbojkašica aktivnih takmičarki u nacionalnim klubovima Super lige Srbije (SL). Treću, Kontrolnu grupu (KG) ispitanica činilo je 25 sportsko-rekreativno aktivnih studentkinja Univerziteta u Beogradu. Merni opseg definisan je na osnovu 65 varijabli podeljenih u 3 dimenzije to: 1) telesni sastav, 2) dinamički pokazatelji, 3) kontraktilne karakteristike izometrijske sile mišića opružača nogu. Protokol testiranja sastojao se od tri sesije izvedene u jednom danu. U prvoj sesiji meren je telesni sastav pomoću bioelektrične impedanse (BIA), primenom osmopolarne multifrekventne metode (InBody720, Biospace Co., Seoul, Korea). U drugoj sesiji, merene su dinamičke performanse (različiti skokovi uvis). Zadatak ispitanica je bio da ostvari maksimalnu visinu skoka, u skladu sa svojom ličnom tehnikom. Izvršeno je merenje visine različitih skokova i to: skok uvis bez zamaha rukama, skok uvis sa zamahom rukama, skok u blok, skok uvis sa prethodnim saskokom sa klupice visine 40 cm. U trećoj sesiji, merena je kontraktilna karakteristika mišića opružača nogu u izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja. Zadatak ispitanica je bio da u sedećem položaju ostvare maksimalni izometrijski mišićni napor tj. tenziju, u što kraćem vremenskom periodu (pozicija bilateralnog guranja nogama). Testiranje je vi realizovano u izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja pri uglu natkolenice i potkolenice od 120°, odnosno pri uglu potkolenice i stopala od 90°... This research set as the primary goal to define the influences of morphological and kinetic parameters on the jump height of female volleyball players of different levels of competitiveness. On the basis of secondary goals, the level of influence of morphological and kinetic parameters on the jump height compared to the level of training has been determined, and models for predicting various jumps on the basis of morphological and kinetic variables have been defined. The research included 63 female examinees, divided into three groups. The first group comprised 18 top trained volleyball players. The players were active elite competitors, members of Serbian senior selection (OS) and participants at the European or World championships, or at the Olympic Games. The second group comprised 20 volleyball players that were active competitors at the national clubs of the Super league of Serbia (SL). The third, control group (KG) comprised 25 female students of the University of Belgrade that practiced physical exercises for recreation purposes. Testing range has been defined on the basis of 65 variables divided into 3 dimensions: 1) body composition, 2) dynamic indicators, 3) contractile characteristics of leg extensors isometric force. Testing protocol comprised three sessions performed on the same day. The first session measured body composition using bioimpedance (BIA) and 8-polar multifrequency method (InBody720, Biospace Co., Seoul, Korea). In the second session, dynamic performances (different jump heights) were measured. The examinees had the task to achieve maximum jump height by using their personal preferred technique. Height of different jumps had been measured, in particular: jump without arm swing, jump with arm swing, block jump, jump with previous pre-jump from a 40 cm high bench. The third session measured contractile characteristics in isometric conditions of extension. The task of the examinees was to achieve a maximum isometric muscle effort, i.e. tension in the shortest amount of time (the position of ix bilateral leg press). The testing has been realized in isometric conditions of force with their thigh and lower leg at an angle of 120°, and lower leg and foot angle at an angle of 90° respectively...

The increase in body mass at the expense of fat mass can lead to impaired health, professional-working and morphological status. The aim of this study was to define the descriptive indicators in measured morphological components and the establishment of standards for the initial values of their assessment. The sample of examinees included 144 female students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies (ACPS): Age - 19.7 ± 1.1 years; BH - 169.3 ± 5.3 cm, BM - 61.3 ± -6.9 kg, BMI - 21.2 ± 2 kg/m2. The measurements were performed at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, by standardized procedures with multichannel bioelectrical body composition analyzer 'InBody 720'. Variables for classification were: Body Weight (BW, kg), Body Height (TV, cm), Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2), Body Fat Mass (BFM, kg), Percent of Body Fat (PBF, %), Visceral Fat Area (VFA, cm2), Fat Control (FC, kg), Trunk Fat (TF, kg) and Trunk Fat Index (TF_BFM, %). Classes are defined by the characteristic seven subclasses: very poor, insufficient, below average, average, over, overly and unacceptable, in accordance with the sport metrology procedures. The results were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the obtained results, the examinees were distributed in the respective clusters. It was found that ACPS students have a distribution of results indicator of body fat shifted toward lower values , but it can be concluded that in general level the examinees belong to a population with normal values in relation to the criteria of the World Health Organization.

The increase in body mass at the expense of fat mass can lead to impaired health, professional-working and morphological status. The aim of this study was to define the descriptive indicators in measured morphological components and the establishment of standards for the initial values of their assessment. The sample of examinees included 144 female students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies (ACPS): Age - 19.7 ± 1.1 years; BH - 169.3 ± 5.3 cm, BM - 61.3 ± -6.9 kg, BMI - 21.2 ± 2 kg/m2. The measurements were performed at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, by standardized procedures with multichannel bioelectrical body composition analyzer 'InBody 720'. Variables for classification were: Body Weight (BW, kg), Body Height (TV, cm), Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2), Body Fat Mass (BFM, kg), Percent of Body Fat (PBF, %), Visceral Fat Area (VFA, cm2), Fat Control (FC, kg), Trunk Fat (TF, kg) and Trunk Fat Index (TF_BFM, %). Classes are defined by the characteristic seven subclasses: very poor, insufficient, below average, average, over, overly and unacceptable, in accordance with the sport metrology procedures. The results were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the obtained results, the examinees were distributed in the respective clusters. It was found that ACPS students have a distribution of results indicator of body fat shifted toward lower values , but it can be concluded that in general level the examinees belong to a population with normal values in relation to the criteria of the World Health Organization. Porast telesne mase na račun masne komponente može dovesti do narušavanja zdravstvenog, profesionalno-radnog i morfološkog statusa. Cilj istraživanja bio je definisanje deskriptivnih pokazatelja merenih morfoloških komponenti i uspostavljanje inicijalnih vrednosti standarda za njihovu procenu. Uzorak ispitanika bile su 144 studentkinje Kriminalističko-policijske akademije: Uzrast − 19.7 ± 1.1 godina;TV - 169.3 ± 5.3 cm; TM - 61.3 ± 6.9 kg; BMI - 21.2 ± 2 kg/m2. Merenja su obavljena na Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, standardizovanim procedurama multikanalnim bioelektričnim analizatorom telesne strukture 'InBody 720' Varijable za klasifikaciju bile su: telesna masa (TM, kg), telesna visina (TV cm), indeks telesne mase (BMI, kg/m2), količina masnog tkiva (BFM, kg), procenat masnog tkiva (PBF, %), visceralna mast (VFA, cm2), kontrola masti (KM, kg), količina masnog tkiva na stomaku (TF, kg) i indeks količine masnog tkiva na stomaku (TF_BFM, %). Klase su definisane u sedam karakterističnih podklasa: veoma loše, nedovoljno, ispod prosečno, prosek, povišeno, previše i neprihvatljivo, u skladu sa sportskim metrološkim procedurama. Rezultati su statistički obrađeni primenom deskriptivne statistike. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata izvršena je distribucija ispitanica u pripadajuće klustere. Utvrđeno je da studentkinje KPA imaju distribuciju rezultata pokazatelja masnog tkiva pomerenu ka nižim vrednostima ali se može zaključiti da na generalnom nivou ispitanice pripadaju populaciji sa normalnim vrednostima u odnosu na kriterijume Svetske zdravstvene organizacije.

The aim of this research was to establish the relation between maximal isometric force and different indicators of isometric explosive force of leg extensors (iRFD). The sample consisted of 83 participants divided into 2 groups in terms of gender, males N=53 and females N=30. In order to assess the characteristics of the F-t isometric leg extensor force, tensiometric probes and the standardized 'seated leg extension' test were used. The measurement range was defined by 6 variables for the contractile characteristics of the leg extensor isometric muscle force - 1) the level of achieved maximal force - FmaxLEGEXTISO, 2) the indicator of the basic (general) level of rate of force development - RFDBASICLEGEXTISO, 3) the indicator of the specific level of rate of force development - RFD50%LEGEXTISO, and three indicators for evaluating the special level of the explosive force development, i.e. leg extensor explosiveness, 4) measured at 250ms - RFD250msLEGEXTISO, 5) measured at 180ms - RFD180msLEGEXTISO, 6) measured at 100ms - RFD100msLEGEXTISO. The results of the linear regression in the males showed a positive correlation between FmaxLEGEXTISO and RFD50%LEGEXTISO F=16.298, p=0.000; and RFD250msLEGEXTISO F=40.754, p=0.000; and RFD180msLEGEXTISO F=18.660, p=0.000; and RFD100msLEGEXTISO F=5.430, p=0.024; in the females with RFDBASICLEGEXTISO F=10.099, p=0.004; with RFD50%LEGEXTISO F=13.585, p=0.001; with RFD250msLEGEXTISO F=35.469, p=0.000; with RFD180msLEGEXTISO F=14.698, p=0.001. The results of this study showed that the combination of the maximal exertion method, with the aim of developing maximal force or strength, and plyometrics, with the aim of developing the intensity of contraction in its different phases, from the aspect of training technology, is absolutely advisable and reasonable. This may have important practical implications when designing resistance training programs for specific sportsdeling.