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https://www.ester.ee/record=b5510093

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5438313

Väitekirja eesmärk on kinnitada ideed, et põhiseadus on süsteem, ja tuua esile süsteemse lähenemise eelised. Autor leiab, et iga uus kriitiline käsitlus võib heita valgust mõnele põhiseadusliku süsteemi väärtuslikule seosele ja aidata laiendada olemasolevate argumentide ringi. Sissejuhatavas artiklis analüüsib autor kahte põhimõistet – põhiseaduse ja süsteemi mõistet. Esimeses peatükis kaitseb autor põhiseaduse süsteemsuse keskseid teoreetilisi aluseid. Järgnevates peatükkides näitab autor, et idee põhiseadusest kui süsteemist võimaldab meil jõuda põhiseaduse konsistentse ja koherentse dogmaatikani ning leida seeläbi paremaid lahendusi praktilistele põhiseaduslikele juhtumitele., The aim of the thesis is to confirm the idea that the constitution is a system and to demonstrate the advantages of the systematic approach. The author considers that every new critical approach might bring a new valuable connection of the constitutional system to light and help to broaden the scope of available arguments. In the introductory article the author analyses two fundamental concepts – the concept of constitution and the concept of system. In the first chapter the author will defend central theoretical foundations of the systematicity of the constitution. In the following chapters the author demonstrates that the idea of the constitution being a system enables us to achieve consistent and coherent doctrine of constitutional law and therefore better solutions for practical constitutional cases., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5269292

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4492740*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4486810*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4377511~S1*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4377495~S1*est

Vallasomandi üleandmisega puutub pea igapäevaselt kokku nii iga inimene endale igapäevaseid tarbeesemeid soetades kui ka paljud ettevõtjad oma majandustegevuses, seda alates tootmisprotsessi algetapist kuni kauba lõpptarbijani jõudmiseni. Siiski ei pöörata sageli ka väärtuslikumate vallasasjade soetamisel tähelepanu sellele, missugusest hetkest alates võime end lugeda asja täieõiguslikuks omanikuks. Vallasomandi ülemineku õiguslike eelduste uurimise vajaduse tingibki asjaomaste normide suur tähtsus nii üksikisiku huvide kui ka majanduskäibe sujuva ent samas usaldusväärse toimimise tagamise seisukohalt. Keskseks eesmärgiks oli esitada terviklik analüüs vallasomandi tehingulise üleandmise asjaõiguslike eelduste ja teostamisvõimaluste kohta põhirõhuga sellel, missuguses ulatuses võimaldab õiguskord omandi ülemineku üksikasju asjaosaliste äranägemise kohaselt kujundada ning modifitseerida. Seaduse kohaselt on nõutav esiteks võõrandaja ja omandaja vaheline kokkulepe omandi ülemineku kohta ja teiseks asja valduse üleandmine omandajale. Ehkki vallasasjade käibe puhul ei teadvusta osalejad endale sageli eraldi omandi üleminekule suunatud asjaõiguskokkuleppe e käsutustehingu sõlmimise vajadust, ei ole siiski tegemist vallasasjade käivet takistava formaalse nõudega. Piisav on käitumine, millest mõistlik isik saab teha järelduse, et mõlemad pooled soovisid omandi üleminekut. Asjaõiguskokkuleppe sõlmimise võimalused on kõigiti paindlikud ja vabalt kujundatavad. Valduse üleandmise all mõistetakse esmajoones küll asja vahetut füüsilist üleandmist omandajale, kuid sellele lisaks näeb seadus ette ka mitmeid alternatiive. Nii on valduse faktiline üleandmine võimalik asendada ka teatud sisuga kokkulepetega, mis loob võimaluse kujundada omandi üleandmist ka selles osas paindlikult, mh nt esindaja vahendusel. Väitekirjas võrreldakse Eesti õiguse ja üle-Euroopalise võrdleva õigusteadusliku uurimuse tulemusena valminud Draft Common Frame of Reference põhilahendusi selgitamaks, kas eelnimetatud mudelsätted pakuvad uudseid ja paindlikumaid lahendusi. Analüüsist selgub, et mõlemad normistikud võimaldavad enamasti jõuda sarnastele tasakaalustatud tulemustele. Ajakohase tõlgendamise korral võimaldavad mõlemad reeglistikud omandit üle anda paindlikel viisidel, sh ilma, et üleandmises peaksid vahetult osalema võõrandaja ja/või omandaja isiklikult või et omandi üleminekuks tuleks teha faktilisi toiminguid valduse füüsilise üleandmise näol., The transferring of ownership in movable property involves everyday transactions conducted by both private persons in seeking to meet their regular needs and entrepreneurs in the course of their business. Nevertheless, participants in trade are often unaware of at which exact moment the full right of ownership is lost or obtained, even where more valuable movables are involved. The necessity examine the legal prerequisites of transferring ownership in movables is underlined by the outstanding role of the relevant norms in both securing the interests of a private person and the smooth yet reliable functioning of the economic exchange. A central aim of the thesis was to provide a comprehensive analysis on the prerequisites and possible modes of implementation of transferring ownership in movable property. The focal point was laid on the question to what extent there are possibilities available to the parties to customise their transfer or to modify some of its aspects. To transfer ownership in movable property, the law firstly requires the conclusion of a ‘real agreement’ between the transferor and the transferee, and secondly, the delivery of possession to the transferee. Although in case of movables the participants in trade often do not realise the necessity to conclude a separate ‘real agreement’, this element cannot be seen as a formal requirement inhibiting the trade in movables. It is sufficient if the parties act in a way leading a reasonable person to the conclusion that both parties wished the right of ownership to pass from the transferor to the transferee. The possibilities of concluding a ‘real agreement’ are wholly flexible and freely customisable. Although the main definition of delivery denotes the physical handing over of the movable to the transferee, the law also sets forth a number of alternatives. It is possible to substitute the factual delivery of possession by concluding agreements with a certain content, thus allowing for a flexible arrangement of the details of transferring ownership also in that respect; e.g., by way of representation. The thesis also examines the model rules on acquisition and loss of ownership of movables contained in the recent Draft Common Frame of Refrence with a view to establishing whether they contain novel and more flexible solutions as compared to those existing in Estonian law. As a result the conclusion is drawn that in most cases both regulations will lead to similar balanced results. When interpreted with a view to the needs of the current socio-economic order, the existing rules are sufficiently flexible, allowing for fully adequate possibilities of customisation.

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2658486~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2611561~S1*est

Kopeerimine ja printimine lubatud, http://www.ester.ee/record=b2738107

The aim of the present master`s thesis „The identity and image of Estonian courts“ was carrying out preliminary scientific analysis and laying the basis to a bigger project of practical character focused on putting into practice the communication strategy of Estonian courts. The thesis intends to create basis for further developing out strategy of specifying the identity of courts and analyzing differences between their present and desired future image. In the present research I have studied the present and desired identity and image of Estonian courts by means of document analysis, interviews and secondary analyses of studies of public opinion. I have made the basic conclusions from the point of view of communication strategy. In the part dealing with the basis of comunication strategy I suggested formulations to the mission and main values of Estonian courts as a result of the analyses of the used research methods. The most significant target groups, stakeholders and general communication goals concerning them have been brought out as well. Basing on the views of Stompka (1999) I have brought out three levels of obtaining confidence when communicating with courts: 1) institutional level – confidence in court regarded as a consistent institution in its goals, values and fulfilling its public role 2) procedure level – confidence in rules, ways and means of acting of courts and in the court staff following these categories as well 3) a judge`s social role level – confidence in judges as bearers of their highly esteemed social role and justifying the ethical demands that are expected from them. When analyzing factual and desired identity of courts it appeared that the present identity coincides with the desired identity at a great extent. In the present cognition of identity through the identity of judges there is still not desirably enough cognition of connectivity between the social role and that what is really going on in the society. But changes towards the desired identity have already started to take place. In the present day cognition of identity we can also feel the wish to move on from the present closeness to greater openness, and from the present slowness that we sometimes meet in qualitative judging; to judging in discerning period of time. It is also essential to achieve greater sense of unity in the identity of the whole court system and make communication practice between different target groups more similar. Courts apprehend their present identity through more positive keywords rather than through their construed external image. The biggest gap between the present and desired image is that the former can be characterized first of all as a sanctioner, the latter as a judge, helper and protector. Another bigger gap between the present and desired image of courts is that according to the present image they are seen as bureaucratic and complicated institutions as desired image of them might be characterized as understanding, human and citizen-centered one. Humanity, focusing on citizens, proper and just treatment of people or changing court as an istitution that is serving people friendlier, are the essential values that have arisen. Openness as a value in itself also serves communicational purposes. The principle of openness of a court should still be taken discerningly and carefully, avoiding excessive closeness causing indefiniteness, notunderstanding, inconfidence and even fear when people have to contact courts. Although the prior target group of courts are the people involved in a trial, the importance of communicating with more numerous general public cannot be underestimated either. It is essential from the aspect of improvement of juridical knowledge of people, preventivity, trustworthfulness of courts and desired image of courts on the whole. One means of fulfilling the mission of courts is to be trustworty for people and esteemed by them.When impartial and purposeful treatment can create positive image of court in people who are involved in some juridical procedure, then general public sees courts more as an expert system as described by Giddens (1990), and only a small part of the procedure, the main essence of a sentence at the first place, influences the formation of a certain image. The goal of courts should be giving more information about their activity to society that would improve people`s general knowledge of law and would also contribute to the positive image of the court system. It would mean more active forwarding of information to general public concerning assizes, explanations of main principles of practical court work, statistics, e.t.c. Communication of courts should have distinctive standpoints in the image-formation of judges based on their main activity, i.e.being in the role of adjudicator, the so-called ideal judge, meeting the needs of the ethic demands which they are expected to follow. It is very important for courts and judges to be in touch with all sides of general public, to be aware of concerns of society, and that is why they should develop and improve social dialogue in every way. It is also essential for courts to communicate actively with media that has an immense ifluence on public opinion, and with schoolchildren in order to raise new members of the socalled society-for-citizen. Internet, all kind of informational publications and communicative activities which enable direct contacts with people are also constantly becoming more important channels of communication., http://www.ester.ee/record=b4037275*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b1241164*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2087084~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2421238~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1950840~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1517409~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2165269~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1715021~S1*est

https://www.ester.ee/record=b1394221*est

Digiteeritud Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi rahastusel, projekti "Eesti teadus- ja õppekirjandus" (2014-2020.12.03.21-0848) raames., https://www.ester.ee/record=b2465305*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2438853~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1964328~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1955686~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1714737~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1477500~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1594010~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2442458~S1*est