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This article examines issues of authenticity involved in using generative AI to compose technical and professional communication (TPC) documents. Authenticity is defined through an Aristotelian understanding of ethos, which includes goodwill (eunoia), practical wisdom (phronesis), virtuousness (arete), and Fromm's concepts of true self and pseudo self. The authors conducted an initial analysis of AI affordances that align with TPC concerns—genre, plain language, and grammatical/mechanical correctness. The preliminary results show that these affordances may be limited by issues of inauthenticity. The authors suggest that in order to address AI's limitations, writers should adopt a rhetoric of authenticity via real-world engagement, human centeredness, and personal style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Following a preliminary work validating the technological feasibility of an adaptive workflow with Ethos for whole-breast cancer, this study aims to clinically evaluate the automatic segmentation generated by Ethos. Material and methods: Twenty patients initially treated on a TrueBeam accelerator for different breast cancer indications (right/left, lumpectomy/mastectomy) were replanned using the Ethos® emulator. The adaptive workflow was performed using 5 randomly selected extended CBCTs per patient. The contours generated by artificial intelligence (AI) included both breasts, the heart, and the lungs. The target volumes, specifically the tumor bed (CTV_Boost), internal mammary chain (CTV_IMC), and clavicular nodes (CTV_Nodes), were generated through rigid propagation. The CTV_Breast corresponds to the ipsilateral breast, excluding 5mm from the skin. Two radiation oncologists independently repeated the workflow and qualitatively assessed the accuracy of the contours using a scoring system from 3 (contour to be redone) to 0 (no correction needed). Quantitative evaluation was carried out using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff Distance (HD), surface Dice (sDSC) and the Added Path Length (APL). The interobserver variability (IOV) between the two observers was also assessed and served as a reference. Lastly, the dosimetric impact of contour correction was evaluated. The physician-validated contours were transferred onto the plans automatically generated by Ethos in adaptive mode. The dose prescription was 52.2Gy in 18 fractions for the boost, 42.3Gy for the breast, IMC, and nodes. The CTV/PTV margin was 2mm for all volumes, except for the IMC (5mm). Dose coverage (D98%) was assessed for the CTVs, while specific parameters for organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated: mean dose and V17Gy (relative volume receiving at least 17Gy) for the ipsilateral lung, mean dose and D2cc (dose received by 2cc volume) for the heart, the contralateral lung and breast. Results: The qualitative analysis showed that no correction or only minor corrections were needed for 98.6% of AI-generated contours and 86.7% of the target volumes. Regarding the quantitative analysis, Ethos' contour generation outperformed inter-observer variability for all structures in terms of DSC, HD, sDSC and APL. Target volume coverage was achieved for 97.9%, 96.3%, 94.2% and 68.8% of the breast, IMC, nodes and boost CTVs, respectively. As for OARs, no significant differences in dosimetric parameters were observed. Conclusion: This study shows high accuracy of segmentation performed by Ethos for breast cancer, except for the CTV_Boost. Contouring practices for adaptive sessions were revised following this study to improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay honors the accomplishments of Morten Levin both by analyzing some of the key innovative educational programs he created and by extending the elements of that analysis to two other cases, that of Aker Solutions and the Mondragon Cooperatives. We acknowledge that the relationship between higher education institutions and manufacturing-service-public sector organizations is multiplex and has undergone multiple transformations over the decades. It is also affected by the national political economy and the scope and diversity of the higher education sector itself. Creating sustained and yet dynamic relations among these actors in service of both higher education and the efficacy and innovativeness of worklife organizations is a significant challenge which all the cases we present have addressed with some success. What the efforts have in common is a democratizing action research built on an ethos and worldview of the benefits of collaboration and co-creation, and organizational capabilities built on Actor Network strategies to promote collaboration and innovation as a way of adapting to the rapidly changing world conditions effectively. We argue that there are many more such examples in existence and that a key role for action research is to document them, show how more collaborative and adaptive organizational processes are possible and show how neoliberal New Public Management is an authoritarian "wrong turn" with dire consequences. Ultimately, this essay is an argument against the "iron cage" view of bureaucracy as always coercive and stultifying and show that it is not bureaucracy but the authoritarian approaches to creating coercive bureaucracies that destroy organizational collaborations and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education is the property of Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo propone una ruta de lectura en la que el ethos de “Las crónicas de Pepe Faroles” de Josefina Vicens puede ser definido como de la provocación. Esta provocación estaría tamizada por el humor y, cabe señalar, es entendida como la intención de producir reacciones específicas en los lectores, no sólo orientadas a la risa, sino también al cuestionamiento de lo realizado en las corridas de toros de los domingos; hacer que la emoción y los comentarios de los aficionados “entren en ebullición”. Las siguientes páginas tienen como fundamento las teorías de Linda Hutcheon y Pere Ballart.

El propósito de este texto es reflexionar sobre el libro El Nombre de la Rosa. Esta poesía intelectual nos permite analizar la evolución de la percepción de los Universales a lo largo de la historia. Desde el título hasta su final, el autor nos lleva en un camino lleno de cambios históricos y autopercibidos. Es interesante cómo el contexto determinante siempre juega un papel relevante y el poder de las ideas trasciende muchas veces la realidad que uno experimenta. En este sentido, Umberto Eco, nos muestra como diferentes aspectos filosóficos pueden implementarse sin tener que elegir uno por sobre otro, lo que nos lleva a meditar sobre la utopía en la simbiosis filosófica. Este enfoque permite ver la relación entre los aspectos ontológicos, gnoseológico, lingüísticos y otros campos, como la medicina. En los siguientes párrafos, exploraré algunos de estos aspectos y cómo se entrelazan con nuestra disciplina. La filosofía nos permite analizar y comprender los conceptos abstractos que subyacen a la práctica médica; y puede ayudarnos a mejorar la calidad de atención que brindamos a nuestros pacientes, como a nuestra relación con colegas.

This article proposes a critical narrative analysis of the way recent Conservative leaders have used storytelling to talk about themselves and reinforce their political ethos during the annual party conferences. We will use David Cameron's transformative tenure as a starting point, as he tried to usher in a new Conservative creed, more compassionate and voluntarily different from Thatcherism. We will then see how his successors have also resorted to narratives to establish a strong political ethos. The main objective of the article is to examine the evolution of the image of the Conservative leader and to assess the role storytelling has played in this important communicational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of schools in developing values is internationally recognised, with many systems grappling to identify and embed values in schools. Within an Irish context, the Education Act (1998) frames values from the perspective of 'characteristic spirit', giving responsibility to boards of management to uphold the characteristic spirit as established by the school's patron. This was the first time this concept applied to publicly managed schools. Recently, the largest publicly managed sector, Education and Training Boards, has grappled with the question of which values should underpin the characteristic spirit of their schools. Following a national consultative process, the sector has identified values (excellence in education, care, equality, community, respect) and is now tasked with embedding these within its schools. The change literature highlights the complexity of this task. Following a review of the corpus of relevant research, this paper explores the enablers that support publicly managed schools to embed the core values in schools, as well as potential tensions that need to be considered to support enactment. The paper provides a critique of the sectoral response to these enablers and tensions. This paper contributes to international debates on values in education by considering these enablers and tensions to support change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish politicians have endured numerous attacks on their reputation, led by conservative parties and extra-parliamentary actors linked to the far-right (Pozas, 2024; Urías, 2024). This article examines the media coverage of criminal lawsuits against progressive politicians in cases suspicious of lawfare. Lawfare and mediafare appear as two intertwining ways of character assassination. This is because lawfare is not unidirectional, but relational; it only works if the media echoes it (De-Pádua-Andrade, 2018). Media coverage gives lawsuits the necessary "massiveness" for the character assassination to be effective (Bielsa; Peretti, 2019). Even if the targets are deemed innocent, the target's reputation and that of their parties can be damaged forever, often destroying their political career. To account for the complex intertwining between lawfare and mediafare, we have conducted a content analysis of 354 news items from three quality newspapers that represent a wide ideological spectrum: eldiario.es (left-wing), elpaís.com (centrist) and elmundo.es (conservative) and added the ultraconservative okdiario.com (Guerrero-Solé, 2022; Palau-Sampio; López-García, n.d.; Pérez, 2021). The article examines three cases that legal experts have qualified as prototypical examples of lawfare (Martín-Pallín, 2023; Montaner, 2023; Urías, 2024). These are the cases of progressive female politicians Irene Montero, former Minister of Equality; Ada Colau, former Mayor of Barcelona, and Mónica Oltra, former vice-president of Valencia's regional government. The analysis shows that mediafare operates through logos, ethos and pathos character attacks that question the politicians' reputation, credibility and emotional stability, leading to media rather than legal judgements of guilt. By portraying all politicians as corrupt, lawfare and mediafare contribute to the normalization of corruption and discredit of democratic politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Foucault’s concept of critique and points out the importance of critical attitude in his ontology of the present. Kant’s question of the Enlightenment is put in a new perspective: philosophical thought is oriented at defining the present and actual field of experience. Philosophy becomes an activity of diagnosing the present (ontology of actuality and ourselves) opposed to a search of universal structures of truth (analytics of truth). Foucault observes a relationship between Enlightenment and critique: a certain kind of attitude, a philosophical ethos that consists of critique of our historical existence. This critical attitude is understood as a philosophical ethos (critical work of thought over itself) and as a practice of freedom (a perspective of transforming oneself and creating new modalities of subjectivity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we are to differentiate humankind from other creatures, we tend to gravitate towards the concepts of logos and language, of language and speech, and of reason and thought. In this text, I put forth the idea that the role and importance of ethos and values, of goodness and virtues in man, are mediated by thinking and logos. I argue that these qualities are fundamental and strictly distinguishing features of man, as well as degrees of consciousness. They explain the sources and beginnings of humanity and civilization in general. The foundations thus laid become generative in terms of a new ethical paradigm that emphasizes values and ethos as a factor in the development of history. It should be noted that the ethical paradigm does not replace logos with ethos; rather, it presents them in a synchronicity that embodies the true, overall essence of man, and hence of the history of civilizations and peoples. Furthermore, the ethical paradigm has the capacity to grasp and hold the spirit of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper examines the critical role of professional military ethics in educating future officers in the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC). The author argues that LOAC cannot be taught in isolation, the principles of military ethics representing the bedrock of forging and instilling a specific ethos in future officers that can help them transcend the cold letter of law in operational situations. By examining how military ethics is taught in various countries, the paper analyses the challenges in implementing a military ethics program and proposes a structured approach to military ethics education in the Romanian Land Forces Academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term ethos is common within schools, describing culture and 'feel' of the institution. Ethos is also a contested term, and one that becomes more problematic the more one tries to understand it. Because ethos is founded within philosophical, structural and geographical aspects of the community and associated power balances, it is argued here that it provides an opportunity to study one aspect of the Bordieuan field of power, more specifically doxa. This paper posits that it may be beneficial to consider the term ethos through the lens of doxa, specifically when considering elite schools, and that doing so helps to further link the research into elite English boarding school ethos and discussions surrounding power, inculcation, authority, elitism and class within such schools. An analysis of the Head's Welcome from the websites of English independent boarding schools was undertaken, which identified both institutional and sector‐wide doxa, which were used to construct descriptive pictures of legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the intertwined nature of ethos and irony, tracing their origins to Ancient Greece and their evolution over the centuries. It postulates that the concept of "ironic ethos" plays a crucial role in literary analysis by shedding light on how authors craft their self-image through their works, particularly through the strategic use of irony. The paper employs a critical examination of Pierre Bayard's How to Talk About Books You Haven't Read as a case study, showcasing how Bayard, as an author, constructs a cunning intellectual persona using self-irony. The conclusion posits that the notion of ironic ethos provides a valuable tool in understanding the complexities of writers' self-representation, enriching the discourse on literary analysis and authorial intent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent media studies conversations on disconnection or reducing mainly the quantity of engagement with social media so as to enhance well-being have suggested that these practices articulate a contemporary spirit focused on self-care and performance (productivity) that does not consider others or collective solutions. Drawing on and pushing forward disconnection research, we put forward a Foucauldian inspired concept of ethos that draws attention to qualitatively different principles and values characterizing social media socialities which users seek to foster and avoid. Interviews with people (n = 31) with eating disorders (EDs) featured what we call digital cocooning; that is, interaction with trusted real-life friends and family afforded by messaging apps characterized by mutual responsiveness, acceptance, and belonging. However, what we term entrepreneurial networking with wider acquaintances mostly on traditional social media was experienced as evaluative and competitive and fuelled a sense of non-belonging, prompting unfriending. Disconnection research has highlighted how social media (dis)connections are often underpinned by contemporary possessive individualism, obscured by the dominant research on ostensibly universal psychological processes. The concept of ethos pushes this research beyond criticism toward also highlighting alternatives or how social relations in social media and society could be imagined otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a concise and structured overview of a dosimetric comparison study conducted to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of 4 advanced radiotherapy techniques in treating brain metastases with hippocampus sparing and simultaneous integrated boost (HS-WBRT+SIB). Eleven patients with brain metastases previously treated with radiotherapy were included in the study. Planning CT scans with 2 mm slice thickness and MR imaging were used for contouring and dose prescription. The bilateral hippocampus and other organs at risk (OARs) were automatically contoured, and hippocampal avoidance regions (HAR) were defined as a 7 mm 3D expansion around the hippocampus. Gross tumor volume for each metastasis (GTV met) and planning target volume for metastases (PTV met) were delineated. The whole-brain CTV (CTV WB) and planning target volume for whole brain (PTV WB) were defined accordingly. Treatment planning and optimization were conducted using state-of-the-art radiotherapy techniques: Ethos, HyperArc, VMAT, and Tomotherapy. Tomotherapy achieved the highest D98% for PTV met , indicating the best metastasis coverage. HyperArc plans showed the highest D98% for PTV WB , suggesting superior whole-brain coverage. Tomotherapy demonstrated significantly lower D98%, D2%, and D mean values for the hippocampus, indicating its superiority in sparing the hippocampus. VMAT resulted in the lowest D2% values for the eyes, optic nerves, brainstem, and hypophysis, showing the best sparing of these critical structures. Tomotherapy consistently achieved lower D mean values for parotids, oral cavity, and lips compared to the other techniques. The dosimetric comparison revealed distinct strengths and weaknesses for each radiotherapy technique. Tomotherapy excelled in sparing the hippocampus, while VMAT showed promise in sparing OARs. HyperArc plans demonstrated the best overall whole-brain coverage. These findings should guide clinicians in selecting the most suitable technique based on patient characteristics and institutional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the concept of ethos and its role in promoting justice in society. It distinguishes between a moral ethos, where individuals internalize and act from a particular principle, and a social ethos, where individuals uphold a system of informal social sanctions that increase compliance with a principle. The article discusses the similarities and differences between these concepts in theories of justice and explores the potential conflict between moral motivation and reliance on social sanctions. It also addresses concerns about the role of intentions in acting justly and the potential curtailment of freedom by a social ethos. The article concludes by suggesting that a society characterized by a moral and social ethos would not be radically different from existing societies. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the depiction of time in the works of C. S. Lewis, offering an analysis rooted in a reading of select passages that highlight issues of temporality in Lewis' works. The select passages are from the following books: Mere Christianity; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; The Magician's Nephew; and The Last Battle. The theoretical framework for this article is derived mainly from Aristotle's perennial contribution to rhetoric, adopting his definition of rhetoric as: "The faculty of discovering, in the particular case, the available means of persuasion." Moreover, this paper engages with published readership on Lewis' relationship with rhetoric, as explored by Gary Tandy in The Rhetoric of Certitude, and Don W. King's "The Rhetorical Similarities of C.S. Lewis and Bertrand Russel" among others. This study mainly aims to explore Lewis' employment of Pathos, Ethos, and Logos in his writings, demonstrating how these three modes manifest differently in his nonfiction and fantasy works yet remain equally compelling. Finally, this article aims to show how Lewis utilizes literary techniques that enhance the sense of identification between his voice and that of the reader, in order to increase the receptiveness of his audience toward the following three points which he postulates: Firstly, time has clear boundaries; specifically. This implies that created time, or time on earth is finite. Secondly, time is linear. Namely, it has a continuous and sequential nature, where events follow each other in a straight line, regardless of how it is experienced on a subjective level. And thirdly, time is but a line encompassed by an infinite eternal being, the Creator of time. Meaning that as a finite being, God exists outside of time, and as thus is capable of creating time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collaborative research determined the basic obstacles and difficulties small-scale fisheries face to improve socio-economic quality and become more prosperous. The purpose was to explore the factors causing poverty despite providing aid and subsidies in the form of knowledge life skills and empowerment programs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions on all phenomena and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the fishermen were lazy, resigned, apathetic, lacked initiative, irrational, and worked instinctively. Moreover, the attributes were identified as completely inconsistent with the efforts to improve the quality of life. In conclusion, without a rational work ethic, high discipline, hard work, material orientation, thrift, and savings, it is impossible to improve the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Semiotica is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this contribution, I look at the discursive ethos of “sincerity” employed by Luigi Capuana, from Bozzetti su alcune usi e credenze religiose (1866) to L’Isola del sole (1898), when writing about Sicily. The author plays on paradoxical double allegiances; he often exempts the speaker-narrator from any responsibility, from precise polyphonic hierarchies of the conflict between the Sicily of the “mainland” and the Sicily of the Sicilians: his vision of Sicily, though mythologised in an anhistorical framework, fails to become an autonomous point of view. However, the essays examined are characterised, albeit in different ways, by the exhibition of a precarious cultural capital and the modesty of a self-justification based, in discursive terms, on “sincerity”. Looking diachronically at this interrupted discourse on Sicily, we observe how Capuana stages a Sicilian “I” that is more apophatic than assertive, more apologetic than militant, holding up a mirror to the contradictions of his social trajectory, to the narrative of his journey as a Sicilian author. Capuana’s discourse seems to refer to a continuous paratext of excusatio and peroratio, to a permanent scenography of requalification.

IntroductionFollowing a preliminary work validating the technological feasibility of an adaptive workflow with Ethos for whole-breast cancer, this study aims to clinically evaluate the automatic segmentation generated by Ethos.Material and methodsTwenty patients initially treated on a TrueBeam accelerator for different breast cancer indications (right/left, lumpectomy/mastectomy) were replanned using the Ethos® emulator. The adaptive workflow was performed using 5 randomly selected extended CBCTs per patient. The contours generated by artificial intelligence (AI) included both breasts, the heart, and the lungs. The target volumes, specifically the tumor bed (CTV_Boost), internal mammary chain (CTV_IMC), and clavicular nodes (CTV_Nodes), were generated through rigid propagation. The CTV_Breast corresponds to the ipsilateral breast, excluding 5mm from the skin. Two radiation oncologists independently repeated the workflow and qualitatively assessed the accuracy of the contours using a scoring system from 3 (contour to be redone) to 0 (no correction needed). Quantitative evaluation was carried out using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff Distance (HD), surface Dice (sDSC) and the Added Path Length (APL). The interobserver variability (IOV) between the two observers was also assessed and served as a reference. Lastly, the dosimetric impact of contour correction was evaluated. The physician-validated contours were transferred onto the plans automatically generated by Ethos in adaptive mode. The dose prescription was 52.2Gy in 18 fractions for the boost, 42.3Gy for the breast, IMC, and nodes. The CTV/PTV margin was 2mm for all volumes, except for the IMC (5mm). Dose coverage (D98%) was assessed for the CTVs, while specific parameters for organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated: mean dose and V17Gy (relative volume receiving at least 17Gy) for the ipsilateral lung, mean dose and D2cc (dose received by 2cc volume) for the heart, the contralateral lung and breast.ResultsThe qualitative analysis showed that no correction or only minor corrections were needed for 98.6% of AI-generated contours and 86.7% of the target volumes. Regarding the quantitative analysis, Ethos’ contour generation outperformed inter-observer variability for all structures in terms of DSC, HD, sDSC and APL. Target volume coverage was achieved for 97.9%, 96.3%, 94.2% and 68.8% of the breast, IMC, nodes and boost CTVs, respectively. As for OARs, no significant differences in dosimetric parameters were observed.ConclusionThis study shows high accuracy of segmentation performed by Ethos for breast cancer, except for the CTV_Boost. Contouring practices for adaptive sessions were revised following this study to improve outcomes.

Purpose: The recently introduced Varian Ethos system allows adjusting radiotherapy treatment plans to anatomical changes on a daily basis. The system uses artificial intelligence to speed up the process of creating adapted plans, comes with its own software solutions and requires a substantially different workflow. A detailed analysis of possible risks of the associated workflow is presented. Methods: A prospective risk analysis of the adaptive workflow with the Ethos system was performed using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). An interprofessional team collected possible adverse events and evaluated their severity as well as their chance of occurrence and detectability. Measures to reduce the risks were discussed. Results: A total of 122 events were identified, and scored. Within the 20 events with the highest-ranked risks, the following were identified: Challenges due to the stand-alone software solution with very limited connectivity to the existing record and verify software and digital patient file, unfamiliarity with the new software and its limitations and the adaption process relying on results obtained by artificial intelligence. The risk analysis led to the implementation of additional quality assurance measures in the workflow. Conclusions: The thorough analysis of the risks associated with the new treatment technique was the basis for designing details of the workflow. The analysis also revealed challenges to be addressed by both, the vendor and customers. On the vendor side, this includes improving communication between their different software solutions. On the customer side, this especially includes establishing validation strategies to monitor the results of the black box adaption process making use of artificial intelligence.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based online adaptation is increasingly being introduced into many clinics. Upon implementation of a new treatment technique, a prospective risk analysis is required and enhances workflow safety. We conducted a risk analysis using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) upon the introduction of an online adaptive treatment programme (Wegener et al., Z Med Phys. 2022).A prospective risk analysis, lacking in-depth clinical experience with a treatment modality or treatment machine, relies on imagination and estimates of the occurrence of different failure modes. Therefore, we systematically documented all irregularities during the first year of online adaptation, namely all cases in which quality assurance detected undesired states potentially leading to negative consequences. Additionally, the quality of automatic contouring was evaluated. Based on those quantitative data, the risk analysis was updated by an interprofessional team. Furthermore, a hypothetical radiation therapist-only workflow during adaptive sessions was included in the prospective analysis, as opposed to the involvement of an interprofessional team performing each adaptive treatment.A total of 126 irregularities were recorded during the first year. During that time period, many of the previously anticipated failure modes (almost) occurred, indicating that the initial prospective risk analysis captured relevant failure modes. However, some scenarios were not anticipated, emphasizing the limits of a prospective risk analysis. This underscores the need for regular updates to the risk analysis. The most critical failure modes are presented together with possible mitigation strategies. It was further noted that almost half of the reported irregularities applied to the non-adaptive treatments on this treatment machine, primarily due to a manual plan import step implemented in the institution’s workflow.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar a construção do ethos discursivo de figuras públicas brasileiras na rede social Instagram. Para tanto, a pesquisa toma como referencial teórico a noção de ethos (Aristóteles, 2005 [c.400 a.C]; Amossy, 2005; Charaudeau, 2006; Maingueneau, 2005, 2008, 2020), o conceito de cenografia desenvolvido por Maingueneau (2006, 2008) e, complementarmente, o modo enunciativo de organização do discurso proposto por Charaudeau (2008), com vistas à realização de uma análise enunciativo-argumentativa do fenômeno em pauta. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa realizada caracteriza-se como um estudo documental, de caráter qualitativo e de abordagem interpretativista dos dados investigados. Os resultados indicam que, no Instagram, a construção do ethos discursivo de figuras públicas envolve a mobilização de recursos visuais e linguísticos que, em conjunto, revelam a projeção de diferentes imagens de si no plano da enunciação. Essas imagens apresentam variações intrinsecamente ligadas à popularidade dos sujeitos na esfera digital, revelando, portanto, a estreita relação entre ethos, fama e discurso.

Se presenta un estudio de corte cualitativo que tiene como objetivo generar un análisis de la transformación del paisaje en Malinalco a partir de las percepciones y significados sociales. La información se documenta a través de narrativas de actores locales que se desagregan, analizan y categorizan a partir de la Fenomenología Sociológica de Alfred Schütz y el modelo interpretativo de Lalive d’Epinay. Se exponen como resultados la identificación del proceso de transformación del paisaje descrito en tres dimensiones (temporal, social y espacial) y la delimitación de dos ethos de la población malinalquense: el poblador tradicional, quien conserva la memoria del paisaje considerado original; y el poblador contemporáneo, quien expone el paisaje híbrido que tiene lugar a partir de las revalorizaciones y nuevas funciones de los espacios representativos en el municipio. Dichas interpretaciones permiten concluir que las distintas modalidades de turismo en espacios rurales (como es el caso de estudio) permean en las dinámicas socio-culturales de la comunidad, impulsando los cambios y transformaciones que a primera vista se considerarían endógenos, y que repercuten de manera directa en las estructuras y significados sociales respecto a sus recursos (ahora atractivos turísticos), su entorno y, por ende, respecto al paisaje.

In this paper we focus on the possibility that a paramedic might also be a (legal) sex worker. We consider whether such a possibility is grounds for an employer to dismiss, and/or a professional board to deregister, such a paramedic. To make this determination we consider whether it is ever permissible for an employer to dismiss someone because they are a sex worker. To this end we examine a paradigm case of permissible dismissal for engaging in sex work – that of being employed as a Catholic role model. We argue that the underlying principles that may make this dismissal permissible do not extend to the paramedic profession. We then examine an alternative argument for the permissibility of dismissing a paramedic for being a sex worker – that sex work may undermine public confidence in the profession. We put pressure on this argument, suggesting that professions have a duty to challenge certain biases even if, in doing so, public confidence in the profession may be undermined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based online adaptation is increasingly being introduced into many clinics. Upon implementation of a new treatment technique, a prospective risk analysis is required and enhances workflow safety. We conducted a risk analysis using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) upon the introduction of an online adaptive treatment programme (Wegener et al., Z Med Phys. 2022). A prospective risk analysis, lacking in-depth clinical experience with a treatment modality or treatment machine, relies on imagination and estimates of the occurrence of different failure modes. Therefore, we systematically documented all irregularities during the first year of online adaptation, namely all cases in which quality assurance detected undesired states potentially leading to negative consequences. Additionally, the quality of automatic contouring was evaluated. Based on those quantitative data, the risk analysis was updated by an interprofessional team. Furthermore, a hypothetical radiation therapist-only workflow during adaptive sessions was included in the prospective analysis, as opposed to the involvement of an interprofessional team performing each adaptive treatment. A total of 126 irregularities were recorded during the first year. During that time period, many of the previously anticipated failure modes (almost) occurred, indicating that the initial prospective risk analysis captured relevant failure modes. However, some scenarios were not anticipated, emphasizing the limits of a prospective risk analysis. This underscores the need for regular updates to the risk analysis. The most critical failure modes are presented together with possible mitigation strategies. It was further noted that almost half of the reported irregularities applied to the non-adaptive treatments on this treatment machine, primarily due to a manual plan import step implemented in the institution's workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently introduced Varian Ethos system allows adjusting radiotherapy treatment plans to anatomical changes on a daily basis. The system uses artificial intelligence to speed up the process of creating adapted plans, comes with its own software solutions and requires a substantially different workflow. A detailed analysis of possible risks of the associated workflow is presented. A prospective risk analysis of the adaptive workflow with the Ethos system was performed using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). An interprofessional team collected possible adverse events and evaluated their severity as well as their chance of occurrence and detectability. Measures to reduce the risks were discussed. A total of 122 events were identified, and scored. Within the 20 events with the highest-ranked risks, the following were identified: Challenges due to the stand-alone software solution with very limited connectivity to the existing record and verify software and digital patient file, unfamiliarity with the new software and its limitations and the adaption process relying on results obtained by artificial intelligence. The risk analysis led to the implementation of additional quality assurance measures in the workflow. The thorough analysis of the risks associated with the new treatment technique was the basis for designing details of the workflow. The analysis also revealed challenges to be addressed by both, the vendor and customers. On the vendor side, this includes improving communication between their different software solutions. On the customer side, this especially includes establishing validation strategies to monitor the results of the black box adaption process making use of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a systematic review of the evidence concerning the impact of citizenship education, specifically focusing on the effect of different teaching activities on a range of active citizenship outcomes. It provides a narrative synthesis of 109 articles in peer reviewed journals, representing a wide range of methodological approaches. The review was undertaken for a teacher audience and the research team identified four themes with practical implications. First, we discuss the significance of school ethos and distinguish between distinctive aspects of ethos in the literature including relationships between students and teachers, values and behaviours. Second, we explore some of the characteristics of successful projects, including detailed consideration of the type of projects selected for action by young people, the role of teachers, and the duration of projects. This discussion suggests that, whilst full project cycles (involving students identifying and researching areas for action and devising, implementing and reviewing action plans) are valuable, there is also evidence to suggest that short, partial projects may be easier to implement and still secure comparable benefits. Third, we consider the evidence about whether and how citizenship education can have some compensatory effect, closing the civic gap between different groups of young people. In the fourth theme we consider the wide range of teaching strategies which have been demonstrated to have some success in practice.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis literature review was undertaken on behalf of a teacher's organisation to consider the evidence base for citizenship education.Why the new findings matterThe review demonstrates the breadth of evidence for the positive impact of citizenship education and highlights several avenues for further exploration relating to school ethos, action projects and reducing inequalities.Implications for researchers and educational institutionsImplications for practice relate to the importance of how students perceive the ethos of the school as a whole, as well as their experiences when learning citizenship. This has specific implications for school leaders whose support is required to nurture a positive school ethos (beyond the formal curriculum). Implications for citizenship teachers include making use of short, partial active citizenship projects more routinely; and adopting strategies for closing the civic gap. Researchers are urged to move beyond large‐scale surveys to explore longitudinal studies in specific contexts to track impacts over time for different students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to reflect on the institutional ethos of three Chilean, less selective massive private universities, analyzing their organizational identities, discourses, and practices and discussing how the dynamics of the competitive and marketized Chilean educational system influence this ethos. Through a qualitative design, which includes semi-structured interviews with key university staff members and direct observations in formal and informal instances, this article concludes that the ethos of these institutions is structured around four main axes: pluralism and student diversity; the pursuit of excellence as a competitive horizon; the construction of merit as a personal, family, and institutional effort; and education for employability, underpinned by professional ethics and social commitment. Furthermore, we find evidence that the logic of the university market shapes these private universities' ethos transversally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the Ethos Brief Index (EBI) in patients with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Methods: A cross-sectional design, including 788 subjects with RLS (65% women, 70.8 years, SD 11.3) from the Swedish RLS Association, was used. A postal survey was sent out to collect data regarding socio demographics, comorbidities, and RLS-related treatment data. Questionnaires included were EBI, the Restless Legs Syndrome-6 Scale (RLS-6), Restless Legs Syndrome—Quality of Life questionnaire (RLSQoL), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The validity and reliability of the EBI were investigated using Rasch and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models. Measurement invariance, unidimensionality, and differential item functioning (DIF) across age and gender groups, as well as insomnia, daytime sleepiness, RLS-related QoL and RLS severity were assessed. Results: The results supported the unidimensionality of the EBI in the CFA (i.e., explaining 61.5% of the variance) and the Rasch model. The reliability of the EBI was confirmed using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. No DIF was identified for gender, age, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, RLS severity or RLS-related QoL. Conclusion: The EBI showed good validity and reliability and operated equivalently for male and female patients with RLS. Accordingly, healthcare professionals can use the EBI as a psychometrically sound tool to explore and identify patient-centered problems related to the whole life situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the lived experiences of non-religious teachers in post-primary schools with religious cultures on the island of Ireland, particularly with regard to career development and promotion. At the time of the research, both jurisdictions on the island had legal exceptions from equality employment law in schools. Based on 15 interviews with non-religious teachers and with reference to literature on school ethos, teacher beliefs and agency, we investigate how the professional experience of teachers is shaped by the religious environment. The predominant response of non-religious teachers in religious schools is to hide or suppress their worldview. There is evidence too that their relationships with colleagues and pupils are inhibited when the religious culture discourages openness and diversity. Overall, they have modest expectations for career development or promotion. We conclude that legislative change is an important corrective to reduce religious discrimination, but it is only part of the solution. Active steps should also be taken by schools in Ireland and Northern Ireland to cultivate an inclusive spirit in which the school is regarded as an ‘authentic community’ where difference is normalised and all teachers are empowered to have full participation in the life of the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility to use a standard Ethos planning template to treat left-sided breast cancer with regional lymph nodes. Material/Methods: The tuning cohort of 5 patients was used to create a planning template. The validation cohort included 15 patients treated for a locally advanced left breast cancer randomly enrolled. The Ethos planning template was tuned using standard 3 partial arc VMAT and two collimator rotation configurations: 45/285/345° and 30/60/330°. Re-planning was performed automatically using the template without editing. The study was conducted with a schedule of 42.3 Gy in 18 fractions to the breast/chestwall, internal mammary chain (IMC) and regional lymph nodes ("Nodes"). The PTV was defined as a 3D extension of the CTV with a margin of 7 mm, excluding the 5mm below the skin. The manual treatment plans were performed using Eclipse treatment planning system with AAA and PO algorithms (v15.6) and a manual arc VMAT configuration and imported in Ethos TPS (v1.1) for a dose calculation with Ethos Acuros algorithm. The automated plans were compared with the manual plans using PTV and CTV coverage, homogeneity and conformity indices (HI and CN) and doses to organs at risk (OAR) via DVH metrics. For each plan, the patient quality assurance (QA) were performed using Mobius3D and gamma index. Finally, two breast radiation oncologists performed a blinded assessment of the clinical acceptability of each of the three plans (manual and automated) for each patient. Results: The manual and automated plans provided suitable treatment planning as regards dose constraints. The dosimetric comparison showed the CTV_breast D99% were significantly improved with both automated plans (p< 0,002) while PTV coverage was comparable. The doses to the organs at risk were equivalent for the three plans. Concerning treatment delivery, the Ethos-45° and Ethos-30° plans led to an increase in MUs compared to the manual plans, without affecting the beam on time. The average gamma index pass rates remained consistently above 98% regardless of the type of plan utilized. In the blinded evaluation, clinicians 1 and 2 assessed 13 out of 15 plans for Ethos 45° and 11 out of 15 plans for Ethos 30° as clinically acceptable. Conclusion: Using a standard planning template for locally advanced breast cancer, the Ethos TPS provided automated plans that were clinically acceptable and comparable in quality to manually generated plans. Automated plans also dramatically reduce workflow and operator variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The people of recent contact Waorani and the family groups in isolation Tagaeiri Taromenane coexist in a particular territory, Yasuní, where the presence of external actors, and the extractive activities, generate conditions of pressure, activating conflicts. The most vulnerable peoples are those who they become victims, as happened in 2003, 2006 and 2013, with massacres that put the peoples in isolation the verge of disappearance. The article is an ethnographic research, for understanding the Waorani culture and of the family groups in isolation, identifying intergroup and intragroup relations, and the elements linked to conflict, which lead to establish the persistence of an ethos warrior and the persistence of a social order in relationships within the traditional territory of these societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an advocate of the Ethos Theory of Music, Herbert Spencer argues that sharing in a wide range of musically aroused emotions promotes fellow-feeling thanks to which humans behave considerately toward each other. Here we attempt to provide empirical evidence for this claim. We identified Spencer's fellow-feeling as an instantiation of the concerns for Harm and Fairness Moral Foundations; thus, we predicted that musical expertise, and specifically long-term listening to and playing classical music, would lead to favoring individualizing moral foundations and opposing the binding ones. A cross-national questionnaire (US, Canada, and Italy) was conceived (N = 330), and the data were analyzed through a parallel mediation Structural Equation Model. Results confirm that musical expertise is associated with lower proclivity toward the binding moral foundations. Conversely, it is connected with an embracement of individualizing moral foundations. Coherently with Spencer's view, such an effect is fully mediated by the emotional way of listening to music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This case study offers examples of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools at a small nonprofit workplace dispute resolution center. It explores the limits and strengths of these AI tools, as well as the mediation field's concerns around using AI as a replacement for mediation work. Further, it explores the implications of AI tool use for the ethos of the writer and the AI tool itself as well as for the current pedagogy deliberations occurring in the technical writing field at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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