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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To evaluate the physicochemical composition and nutritional value of goat milk produced in three different small-scale production management systems in Merida, Yucatan in Mexico, to produce milk for human consumption for people with lactose intolerance problems. Materials and methods. Samples were collected every two weeks for four months, and their fat, protein, lactose, total solids, ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents were quantified. Density, pH, acidity, fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography, and the electrophoretic pattern of caseins were determined. Results. The average composition was 2.69% fat, 4.10% protein, 4.12% lactose, 12.96% total solids, 0.83% ash, 139 mg/100g calcium, and 105 mg/100g phosphorus. The density, acidity as lactic acid, and pH obtained were 1.032 g/cm3, 1.36 g/L, and 6.51, respectively. The milk provided MUFAs, such as oleic and gadoleic acids, and PUFAs, such as linoleic and arachidonic acid, involved in metabolic processes that reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. The electrophoretic pattern of the caseins showed more abundant bands, with molecular weights of 20 to 36 kDa. Conclusions. The composition of the goat milk produced was superior, having nutritional advantages and potential health benefits compared to milk from other species. The lactose content, pH, and acidity of goat milk differed depending on the production units, and density, fat, protein, and ash were not influenced. The absence of as1-casein would be advantageous for reducing allergies associated with milk consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: Pumpkin seed is rich in ether extract with a high quantity of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Knowledge gap: It is unknown how inbreeding influences the ether extract character in pumpkin seeds. Purpose: It aimed to evaluate the behavior of ether extract content and its characteristics associated to the seed of C. moschata pumpkin genotypes in three generations of inbreeding S0, S1, and S2 and to identify the predominant fatty acids in the best genotype. Methodology: A randomized complete block design was used with six (6) genotypes, four (4) repetitions, and five (5) plants per experimental unit. Inbreeding depression (ID) between generations was evaluated for the ether extract (EE), seed weight per fruit (PSPF, in Spanish), seed unit weight (PUS, in Spanish), and number of seeds per fruit (NSPF) variables. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MC) was used to identify the fatty acids present in the EE. Results and conclusions: In genotypes 129 and 160, when passing from generation S0 to S1, they did not have ID in the EE character, and when passing from generation S1 to S2, only genotype 129 had ID; the other genotypes increased the EE content. There were fluctuations between genotypes for the variables PSPF, PUS, and NSPF in which no differentiating factor between generations was identified. When analyzing the EE, it was identified that 66.98% corresponds to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which 60.15% corresponds to oleic acid, and squalene, which is scarcely present in oilseeds, was found among the components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate usual intake and the prevalence of excessive intake (PE) and insufficient intake (PI) of trans fatty acids (FAs) and other dietary FAs in the Mexican adult population in 2012 and 2016, and to compare these time points. Materials and methods. Data were collected through dietary recall using the five-step multiple-pass method of the 2012 and 2016 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Prevalences were estimated using the Iowa State University method. Linear and logistic regressions were used for analytic comparisons. Results. Both in 2012 and 2016, we observed high PE in trans FA, saturated FA, and total fat. High PI was found for polyunsaturated FA, omega 6, omega 3, Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) + Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). In 2016, PE was lower in trans FAs (29.1 vs. 38.4%), total fat (14.9 vs. 17.8%), saturated FAs (45.6 vs. 54.6%). PI was also lower in omega 3 FA (90.7 vs. 92.8%), omega 6 FA (39.8 vs. 62.2%), and EPA + DHA FA (96.3 vs. 99.6%; p<0.05) (p<0.05) vs 2012. Conclusion. Mexican adults showed notably high PE in trans FA, saturated FA, and total fat, as well as high PI in polynsaturated FA, omega 6, omega 3, and EPA. Given the associated health risks, it is critical to implement nutrition policies that regulate trans and saturated FAs in Mexico and faciliate improved dietary quality towards more polyunsaturated and omega 3 FAs, and less trans and saturated FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sexo sobre el peso vivo final, las características de la canal, los rasgos de calidad de la carne y las propiedades sensoriales de una línea específica de cerdos mestizos (Landrace 75% x Yorkshire 25% “Degesa”). En el presente estudio se utilizaron ocho machos castrados (MC) y ocho nulíparas (H) seleccionados al azar. No se observaron diferencias (P˃0.05) entre sexos en cuanto a las características de la canal, el valor de la fuerza de cizallamiento o la longitud del sarcómero. Sin embargo, el grosor de la grasa dorsal, el pH@45, el pH@24, la capacidad de retención de agua, el puntaje de marmoleado y el contenido de grasa intramuscular fueron mayores (P˃0.05) en MC que en H. La carne de MC tuvo menor (P=0.04) luminosidad que la de H, pero similar (P≥0.34) rojez y amarillez. La proporción total de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), así como los AGS individuales (C16:0 y C18:0) fueron mayores en MC que en H, pero la relación n-6:n-3 fue menor en los machos que en las hembras. En general, la carne de los machos fue mejor calificada que la carne de hembras por el panel entrenado en atributos de sabor, pero el resultado fue opuesto cuando se evaluaron las propiedades de textura. Además, una mayor puntuación general de color, así como los atributos de sabor, se asociaron positivamente con el contenido de grasa intramuscular y la tasa de AG monoinsaturados, pero se asociaron negativamente con la proporción de AG poliinsaturados. En conclusión, los resultados sugieren que la calidad de la carne de cerdos mestizos Degesa mostró marcadas diferencias relacionadas con el sexo y, por lo tanto, podría ser comercializado diferencialmente por sexo en el mercado de carne.

Introducción: La carne de cerdo ofrece nutrientes de alta calidad y en 2022, su producción mundial alcanzó 125 millones de toneladas, con la mayor demanda en Asia. Considerando algunas implicaciones de la carne roja para la salud, es esencial caracterizar los cortes de carne de cerdo, particularmente en Costa Rica, donde cada persona consumió un promedio de 17kg en 2022. Objetivo: Caracterizar físico-químicamente los cortes de paleta de cerdo en Costa Rica. Materiales y Métodos: Obtuvimos muestras de cortes de paleta, con un peso promedio de 2,5kg, seleccionadas al azar dos días después del sacrificio, y aplicamos análisis físico-químicos. Resultados: Las muestras tuvieron un promedio de proteína cruda de 20,7±1,6%, con una proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados/ácidos grasos saturados (AGPI/AGS) de 0,36 y bajo contenido de sodio (0,056g/100g). El valor energético del corte de paleta de cerdo en esta investigación (139,6kcal/100g) lo clasifica como uno de los cortes de cerdo de menor valor energético. Del total de grasa, el 96,7%±0,2 estaba representado por seis ácidos grasos: oleico, palmítico, esteárico, linoleico, palmitoleico y mirístico. La fuerza de corte fue de 4,62kgf, y el color se caracterizó por un tono marrón oscuro. Conclusión: La paleta de cerdo costarricense se destaca por su bajo valor energético y alto contenido de proteínas, lo que la hace adecuada para planes dietéticos de pérdida de peso.

Objetivo. Evaluar la composición fisicoquímica y el valor nutritivo de leche de cabra en tres diferentes sistemas de manejo productivo a pequeña escala en Mérida, Yucatán, México; con la finalidad de producir leche destinada a la alimentación humana con problemas de asimilación de lactosa. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de leche cada dos semanas durante cuatro meses y se les cuantificó sólidos totales, grasa, proteína, lactosa, cenizas, calcio y fósforo. Se determinó densidad, pH, acidez, ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases y caseínas por electroforesis. Resultados. La composición promedio fue 2.69% grasa, 4.10% proteína, 4.12% lactosa, 12.96% sólidos totales, 0.83% cenizas, 139 mg/100g calcio y 105 mg/100g fósforo. La densidad, acidez como ácido láctico y pH obtenidos fueron 1.032 g/cm3, 1.36 g/L y 6.51, respectivamente. Las leches aportaron MUFAs como ácidos oleico y gadoleico, y PUFAs como ácido linoleico y araquidónico, implicados procesos metabólicos que reducen el riesgo del síndrome metabólico. El patrón electroforético de las caseínas mostró bandas más abundantes con pesos moleculares de 20 a 36 kDa. Conclusiones. La composición de la leche de cabra producida resultó ser superior, con ventajas nutricionales, y potenciales beneficios a la salud respecto a la leche de otras especies. El contenido de lactosa, el pH y la acidez de la leche de cabra fueron diferentes en función de las unidades de producción; y la densidad, grasa, proteína y cenizas no se vieron influenciadas. La ausencia αs1-caseína sería ventajoso para la reducción de alergias asociadas al consumo de leche.

Contextualización: La semilla de zapallo es rica en extracto etéreo con alta calidad de ácidos grasos polinsaturados de cadena larga. Vacío de conocimiento: se desconoce, como influye la endocria con respecto al carácter extracto etéreo en semillas de zapallo. Propósito: El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento del contenido de extracto etéreo y sus caracteres asociados a la semilla de genotipos de zapallo C. moschata en tres generaciones de endocría S0, S1 y S2 e identificar los ácidos grasos predominantes. Metodología: Se empleo un diseño de bloques completos al azar en seis (6) genotipos, cuatro (4) tratamientos y cinco (5) plantas por unidad experimental, se valuó la depresión por endocria (DE) entre generaciones para las variables extracto etéreo (EE), peso de semilla por fruto (PSPF), peso unidad de semilla (PUS) y número de semillas por fruto (NSPF); para la identificación de los ácidos grasos presente en el EE se empleó la técnica de cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MC). Resultados y conclusiones: En los genotipos 129 y 160 al pasar de la generación S0 a S1, no presentaron DE en el carácter EE y al pasar de la generación S1 a la generación S2, solo el genotipo 129 presentó -DE, los demás genotipos aumentaron el contenido de EE. Se presentaron fluctuaciones entre genotipos para las variables PSPF, PUS y NSPF en las cuales no se identificó un factor diferenciador entre generaciones. Al analizar el EE se identificó que el 66.98% corresponde a ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados donde el 60.15% corresponde al ácido oleico, y se encontró dentro de los componentes el compuesto escualeno de escasa presencia en semillas oleaginosas.

Background/Aim: The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is high in hemodialysis patients. In this study, the relationship between CI and serum carnitine, plasma omega-3, omega-6 and omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio was evaluated in hemodialysis patients. Materials and methods: Sixty two patients [male: 40 (64.5%), mean age 51 ±13 years] were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum total and free-carnitine levels were determined by ELISA. Plasma omega-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and omega-6 [arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo gamma linoleic acid (DGLA)] levels were measured using LC-ESI-MS/MS. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, ≤24 points were considered as CI. MoCA score ≤24 and >24 were determined as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Results: Group 1 had significantly higher AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA ratios and lower free-carnitine, DHA and EPA + DHA levels compared to Group 2 (P = 0.008, P = 0.040, P = 0.032, P = 0.032, respectively). Group 1 had a statistically lower education level (P 24 se determinaron como grupo 1 y grupo 2, respectivamente. Resultados: El grupo 1 tenía proporciones de AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA significativamente más altas y niveles más bajos de carnitina libre, DHA y EPA + DHA en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0,008, p = 0,040, p = 0,032 y p = 0,032, respectivamente). El grupo 1 tenía un nivel educativo estadísticamente más bajo (p

The objective of this research was to determine the fat oxidation and lipid profile of a Yellowfin (T. albacares) sausage using Lactic Bacteria (L. plantarum). For this purpose, during the sausage production process, lactic bacteria L. plantarum was added at a concentration of 8x10² UFC/ml at a dilution of 10-1 plus a control treatment (without lactic bacteria). During the different days of storage (day 0, day 4, day 8 and day 12), fat oxidation was evaluated using the acidity index method and the lipid profile was determined on the fourth day of storage using the gas chromatography method. With respect to the results of the acidity index, the sample did not show lipid oxidation during the 12 days of storage, unlike the control, which showed lipid oxidation from day 0, suggesting that the lactic acid bacteria incorporated into the sausage could prolong storage and mitigate the effects of rancidity processes. In addition, the lipid profile of the treatment under study complies with the nutritional standards established by Codex regulations, since tuna is an excellent source of omega-3, which represents a contribution of 30% of fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castor is an industrial oilseed crop with great potential for biorefineries. However, little is known about the variability in the bioactive compounds in castor germplasm. This study evaluated seed weight, oil content, fatty acid profile, tocopherols, and phytosterols in 160 accessions of the USDA-ARS castor germplasm collection. The accessions were grown in Cordoba, Spain, under three different environmental conditions. Environmental and genotype-by-environment interaction effects were predominant for most traits, resulting in moderate to low broad-sense heritabilities, which ranged from 0.12 for total tocopherol content to 0.88 for hundred-seed weight. The genetic variability in the seed quality traits identified in the collection was lower than that reported previously for the germplasm of wild and semi-wild accessions from Spain, which is attributed to the lower genetic diversity in cultivated than in wild forms. The variation in seed quality traits in castor germplasm can be exploited to improve the concentration of bioactive compounds in castor cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic changes including hypertriglyceridemia, elevated glucose tolerance and fatty liver. The aim of this research was to study the bioactivity of petroleum ether extracts prepared from quinoa 1 and Hualhuas quinoa in a MS rat model. Fatty acids and a-tocopherol were assessed in the extracts. MS was induced by feeding a high fructose-high fat diet (HFFD). Four groups of rats were assigned: the control group, fed a balanced diet; the control group, fed a HFFD diet; and two test groups, fed on a HFFD diet and treated by either quinoa 1 or hualhuas extract. The Glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, oxidative stress biomarkers, liver lipids and histopathology of the liver and heart were assessed. The results showed that extracts from both quinoa varieties had the potential to prevent MS; although quinoa 1 was more effective. In both varieties, the major fatty acid was linoleic. Hualhuas showed a higher percentage of linolenic acid than quinoa 1; while more alpha-tocopherol was present in quinoa1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of harvest time on the protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L. cvs. 'Tombul', 'Palaz', 'Çakıldak', 'Okay 28' and 'Allahverdi'). The harvest was carried out at 7 different periods with weekly intervals from 20 July to 31 August. As the harvest time progressed, increases and decreases were detected in protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds. The highest oil content was measured in the H5 and H6 harvest periods. The highest content was determined in H3 for oleic acid. Higher total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were obtained in the first 3 harvest periods than in the other periods. The present findings revealed that the protein, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars may differ according to the harvest time. The results obtained will provide clearer ideas to both the industry and the producers about the optimum harvest time for the intended use of these cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El nogal pecanero (Carya illinoinensis) es uno de los cultivos más importantes de la Comarca Lagunera. La deficiencia de zinc (Zn) es uno de los principales problemas que limitan su productividad. La nanotecnología incluye materiales nutrimentales con los que se pueden sustituir fertilizantes convencionales con variado efecto en rendimiento, calidad biofísica y nutracéutica en el fruto. Los efectos de la aplicación foliar de nanopartículas de ZnO en nogal pecanero variedad Western fueron evaluados mediante dosis de Zn con los siguientes tratamientos: control, 4000 (ZnSO4), 2000 (nps ZnO), y 4000 (nps ZnO) mg L-1. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas en fruto y árbol fueron: rendimiento, número de nueces kg-1, largo y ancho de nuez, concentración de Zn en foliolos, ácidos grasos, proteína cruda, porcentaje de grasa y humedad. Se observó diferencia significativa en rendimiento y nivel de Zn en los foliolos, donde el mejor tratamiento fue 4000 mg L-1 de nanopartículas de ZnO, mientras que para la variable largo de nuez se observó diferencia significativa, siendo inferior el tratamiento de 4000 mg L-1 de ZnSO4. En las variables nutracéuticas, el contenido de ácidos grasos evaluado mediante el contenido de grasas saturadas (C16:0 y C18:0) mostró cambios altamente significativos, siendo el tratamiento con la dosis de 4000 mg L-1 de nanopartículas el que tuvo mayor porcentaje. Los ácidos grasos insaturados (C18:1 y C18:3) mostraron diferencias significativas, siendo los tratamientos evaluados con nanopartículas los que tuvieron un porcentaje inferior. El contenido de proteína también mostró diferencias altamente significativas, siendo el tratamiento control y el químico a base de ZnSO4 los tratamientos superiores. Las nanopartículas pueden ser usadas para mejorar el rendimiento y abastecer el contenido de Zn al cultivo, pero la calidad de fruto se ve afectada desde el punto de vista nutricional.

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical fruit appreciated for its attractiveness and nutritional value. The yellow variety (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and the purple variety (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) are the best-known species, both rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and bioactive compounds. Despite their potential, passion fruit by-products, such as seeds and peel, are underutilized, despite being sources of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The leaves are considered insignificant, yet they contain nutrients and medicinal effects beneficial to health. Nevertheless, these by-products have diverse uses and applications. In this sense, this work seeks to document research on passion fruit and its by-products, emphasizing their composition and possible uses in agroindustrial products. In addition to propose pest biocontrol strategies to preserve the quality of the crop and the implementation of organic fertilizers in crops, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. In this sense, it is urgent not only to diversify the agroindustry and develop new products, but also to contribute to the reduction of environmental impact and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The integrated use of passion fruit emerges as a key strategy for moving towards more efficient and sustainable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of cold and hot smoking and the addition of Dunaliella salina polyphenol extract on the biochemical quality and shelf-life of Sander lucioperca fillets after storage for 90 days at 0-4 °C were examined. The results showed a significant increase in protein, lipid, free fatty acid, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl contents, and a decrease in peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and volatile base nitrogen levels in cold (CSF) and hot (HSF) smoked fillets covered with or without extract and stored for 1, 20, and 90 days compared to fresh fillets (FF). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids exhibited a significant increase in FF and CSF and HSF covered with or without extract. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids revealed a significant decrease in FF and CSF and HSF with or without extract. Therefore, cold and hot smoking and polyphenol extract improved the biochemical quality and storage shelf-life of fillets for 90 days at 0-4 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omega-3 fatty acids are a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids related to the reduction of cardiovascular complications, apparently due to decreased triglycerides. Most clinical studies have evaluated combined preparations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at low doses, without demonstrating a clear clinical benefit. A specific type of highly purified EPA called icosapent ethyl was recently evaluated, showing an important and significant reduction in cardiovascular outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality. This article summarizes the clinical evidence on omega-3 fatty acids and, particularly, the importance of icosapent ethyl and its place in current clinical practice guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known on the use of biodegradable films for the control of diseases in crops of agricultural importance. Consequently, the objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of chitosan hybrid films impregnated with thyme essential oil on Hass avocado fruits previously infected with Fusarium solani isolated from the northeastern highlands of Puebla, Mexico. The native strain of F. solani was morphologically and molecularly identified and the fungistatic activity of three chitosan films supplemented with 0.7% (FT1), 1.0% (FT2) and 1.3% (FT3) of thyme essential oil was evaluated in situ on the growth of F. solani in avocado fruits. Texture, transmittance and opacity of the films were obtained by scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectrometry, respectively. Overall, it was recorded that films with a higher concentration of thyme essential oil (1-1.3% w/v) presented lower transmittance in the UV light range and higher opacity. Avocado fruits infected with F. solani simultaneously treated with FT2 and FT3 reduced the appearance of symptoms while preserved firmness, as well as fiber, fat, reducing sugars, and protein content (p < 0.01). In the same context, these materials promoted the conservation of the content of the nutraceuticals linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid for 21 days. These results suggest that the hybrid films generated in the present study have the ability to control fusariosis caused by this fungus, prolonging the shelf life of Hass avocado fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lichens are complex organisms conformed by a symbiotic association between algae and fungi; they are haven considerable interest owing to their pharmacological properties. Objectives: To determine chemical composition of the fatty acid (FA) and the percentage of usnic acid (UA), and to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the lichens Usnea sp., Thamnolia vermicularis subsp. solida and Ramalina asperula. Materials and Methods: Organic extracts from the three lichens were obtained using a rotary evaporator, soxhlet extractor and ultrasound equipment. The chemical composition of FA was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector, and the percentage of UA was quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the lichen ethanolic extracts was evaluated against E. coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 using the diffusion and microdilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Results: In the three tested lichens, the identified FAs were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids; and the obtained percentage of UA was between 0.2 and 1.07 %. All the ethanolic extracts obtained from three lichens showed a high activity against B. subtilis (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), while the ethanolic extracts obtained from T. vermicularis subsp. solida and R. asperula showed moderate activity against S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MIC = 3 and 1 mg/mL) and S. aureus ATCC29213 (MIC = 4 and 1 mg/mL). Conclusions: Our findings found for the three studied lichens confirmed the presence of some FAs and AU. These species provide an acceptable nutritional content and besides they can be considered as potential antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existen diversas enfermedades de tipo intestinal que afectan a un gran número de pacientes cada año a nivel mundial; por tanto, establecer directrices nutricionales para brindar una mejor calidad de vida es una necesidad actual. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega 3 (PUFA) en los últimos años se han relacionado positivamente con el tratamiento de múltiples enfermedades debido a la función antiinflamatoria que se lleva a cabo por sus mediadores especializados prorresolutivos. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es recolectar la evidencia sobre el papel que tienen estas moléculas en algunas enfermedades de tipo intestinal para la toma de decisiones basadas en la evidencia y brindar recomendaciones con respecto a su empleo. La búsqueda de información se realizó en bases de datos de la literatura científica en inglés y español (Elsevier, DOAJ, PubMed, Springer Link, Medline) con los términos MeSH (Medical Subject Headings): “fatty acids”, “omega 3”, “fish oil”, “ulcerative colitis”, “docosahexaenoico acid”, “colitis”, “inflammatory bowel disease”. El papel de los ácidos grasos omega 3 en las enfermedades de tipo intestinal sigue sin ser claro; se requieren mayores estudios para determinar la dosis y la temporalidad, así como desenlaces relacionados con el empleo de dicha sustancia en estas enfermedades.

El maracuyá (Passiflora edulis), es una fruta tropical apreciada por su atractivo y valor nutricional. Siendo la variedad amarilla (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) y variedad la morada (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) las especies más conocidas; ambas ricas en carbohidratos, proteínas, lípidos y compuestos bioactivos. A pesar de su potencial, los subproductos del maracuyá, como las semillas y la cáscara, son infrautilizados, a pesar de ser fuentes de compuestos fenólicos y carotenoides. Las hojas son consideradas insignificantes, sin embargo, estas contienen nutrientes y efectos medicinales beneficiosos para la salud. No obstante, estos subproductos poseen diversos usos y aplicaciones. En este sentido, este trabajo busca documentar investigaciones referentes al maracuyá y sus subproductos, enfatizando en su composición y sus posibles usos en productos agroindustriales. Además de plantear estrategias de biocontrol de plagas para preservar la calidad del cultivo y la implementación de fertilizantes orgánicos en los cultivos, promoviendo prácticas agrícolas sostenibles. En este sentido, es urgente no solo diversificar la agroindustria y desarrollar nuevos productos, sino también contribuir a la reducción del impacto ambiental y fomentar prácticas agrícolas sostenibles. El aprovechamiento integral del maracuyá emerge como una estrategia clave para avanzar hacia una producción más eficiente y sostenible.

Oils are important in human nutrition and due to their components and characteristics that depend on their origin and type of processing, they are related to health. The objective of this research is to carry out a comparative study of the behavior of pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oils when subjected to heat treatment in relation to a commercial oil. For this purpose, oils have been obtained from pumpkin and squash seeds by extraction with supercritical CO2 and the commercial oil was soybean oil obtained from the local market. These oils were subjected to a heat treatment at different temperatures (20, 120, 150, 180 and 200 °C) then to a heat treatment at 180 °C at different heating times (0, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min), in each case their physicochemical characteristics (acidity index, peroxide index, refractive index and polar compounds) were determined and for the determination of essential fatty acids they were subjected to heat treatment up to 240 °C. Significant differences were found in the physicochemical parameters and content of fatty acids in the three oils. Soybean oil has better stability in its physicochemical quality (acidity index and peroxide index) up to 150 °C, pumpkin seed and squash oils have stability up to 120 °C. The polar compounds at 180 °C x 120 minutes present percentages of 13,5% in soybeans, 16 % in pumpkin and 15,5 % in pumpkin, the fatty acids in the three oils (at 240 °C) present a decrease in the unsaturated and increase in saturates. It is concluded that pumpkin and squash seed oils are less stable than commercial oil, it is recommended that their consumption should be carried out cold or at a maximum of 120 °C to guarantee their consumable quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Antecedentes: la esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad multifactorial del sistema nervioso central; en ella, factores nutricionales podrían estar relacionados tanto positiva como negativamente con el curso de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir aspectos nutricionales y alimentarios en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple que pueden tener importancia en la etiología y progresión de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: búsqueda sistemática de estudios observacionales y experimentales en las bases de datos Scopus, Pubmed, Lilacs, Embase y SciELO entre enero del 2009 y agosto del 2020. Resultados: una dieta similar al patrón mediterráneo se relacionó con la disminución en la fatiga y menores tasas de recaída; bajos niveles séricos de B12, magnesio y vitamina K exhibieron latencias prolongadas de potenciales evocados visuales y somatosensoriales, peores puntuaciones en la escala de estado de discapacidad extendida y mayor prevalencia de lesiones del nervio óptico, respectivamente. Conclusión: las funciones antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes y reguladoras de los nutrientes, como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, el selenio, el zinc, el magnesio, la vitamina B12 y la vitamina K, contribuyen al manejo integral del paciente con esclerosis múltiple. Más estudios son requeridos para precisar la efectividad y el impacto de la intervención.

Objective. To assess the fatty acids composition (FA) in Wagyu beef and its crosses with Angus, Beefmaster, Brangus and Hereford, and to analyze its relationship with genetic markers related to lipid metabolism. Materials and methods. 111 Longissimus dorsi samples were collected and grouped by genetic group. FA were extracted and quantified in a gas-liquid chromatography and DNA markers theoretically associated to FA were typed. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were examined, the effect of crosses and the effect of genotypes were estimated. Results. The crosses did not show substantial differences in FA composition. Nine SNPs showed association with FA composition, and a significant effect was found in the SLC2A4 marker ss62538460 which influenced SFA, MUFA and MUFA/SFA; PLTP ss77832104 and IGF2R ss77831885 markers, influenced C16:0, MYOZ1 ss77832104 on C17:1 and PPARGC1A c.1892+19 on C18:2. In addition, previously described effects of MEF2C ss38329156 and SCD c.878 were supported. Conclusions. These results are first evidence on FA deposition in Wagyu cattle and their crosses, and proposes some loci in candidate genes with the possibility of implementation in assisted selection strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of five cooking methods (steam, grill, oven, frying and microwave) on farm-raised rainbow trout's sensory acceptability, physicochemical characteristics, and nutritional value. A survey was conducted with 307 consumers to create a marinade made with salt, garlic, cumin and pepper. The fillets marinated in this mixture were cooked, and photographs were taken to determine their sensory profile using the Check All That Apply (CATA) method, as well as their appearance through both visual (n = 289) and virtual (n = 100) surveys. Similarity was found between the sensory attribute maps for frying, oven and grilling in both evaluation methods. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in proximal composition were observed between the cooking techniques studied because of their technological parameters. The methods with the best visual acceptability were frying and microwave, and they caused an increase in the peroxide index. The n-6/n-3 ratio for both techniques (3.62 and 2.05) was within the requirement, being higher in frying due to the predominance of Omega 6 fatty acids incorporated by the oil used. This study demonstrated that the Peruvian consumer prefers cooking techniques characterized by ease of preparation and marked the development of color and texture attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different factors (season, gender, location, total lipid, weight and length) on the fatty acid composition and nutritional quality of Cyprinion macrostomus. The results were evaluated through PERMANOVA, principal coordinates (PCO), and cluster analysis for similarity ranges. An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) was performed on the distance matrix using multiple permutations within a significant fixed effect (p < 0.05). C18:1ω9, EPA and DHA were the most important fatty acids which had an effect on the nutritional quality in all the factor groups. Total lipid amount, season and length factors were the most influential on the fatty acid compositions of C. macrostomus. Summer and Spring were the best the periods for the good nutritional quality of C. macrostomus in terms of AI (Atherogenicity index), TI (Thrombogenicity index) and h/H (Σhypocholesterolemic/Σhypercholesterolemic fatty acid index). In addition, station, gender and weight had no effect on nutritional quality. The study indicated that C. macrostomus is a potential fish meat for human nutrition with high nutritional value in terms of fatty acid composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current demand for edible vegetable oil is increasing worldwide, and the development of new sources of high-quality vegetable edible oil is an essential task. There is also a huge demand for biodiesel in domestic and industrial applications, and foliage oils could be a good source for diesel applications. The current study aimed at the identification and quantification of fatty acids from commonly consumed green leafy vegetables (GLVs) viz., Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Basella alba, Basella rubra, and Rumex vesicarius and to calculate the biodiesel attributes of the oil. The total oil content was ascertained as the highest in R. vesicarius foliage (3.91 ± 0.27 g/100 g dry leaf powder). GC/MS chromatographic investigation identified 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid as a significant compound followed by hexadecanoic acid. In Hibiscus spp. C18:3 (49.3 µmol % and 50.4 µmol %) was recorded to be the most noteworthy followed by C16:0 (23.2 µmol % and 21 µmol %) in H. cannabinus and H. sabdariffa, respectively. The GLVs foliage-fatty acid biodiesel attributes were additionally assessed through an empirical formula. Consequently, the overall examined results will be helpful for the investigation of these oils as vegetable oil for human consumption and biodiesel applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, the macro and micro elements and fatty acid contents in rose seeds, which are generally evaluated in the waste category, were determined. Among the plants belonging to these taxa, only the registered varieties belonging to four taxa were used, while the others were genotypes. The plant materials of the study include rosehip (R. canina L.), Yildiz variety of rosehip (R. canina L. cv 'Yildiz'), Syrup rose (R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. vanheurckiana), Austrian briar (R. foetida Herrm.), lax rootstock [R. caesia Sm. (Syn: R. laxa Retz.)], wild rose [R. montana subsp. woronovii Chaix subsp. woronovii (Lonacz) Ö. Nilsson L.], hybrid landscape roses (R. x hybrida) and Hosap rose [R. pisiformis (Christ) D.] taxa. It was determined that the contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium of the macro elements examined in the seed samples differed statistically from each other. The seeds of different Rosa L. species examined within the scope of the research can be considered as one of the fruit oil sources with its 3.71-10.01% oil content. The fatty acid contents were determined as follows: linoleic acid (ω6) contents in the taxa ranged from 41.63 to 50.11% with an average of 44.88%; oleic acid (ω9) ranged from 20.80 to 30.27% with an average of 24.95%; linolenic acid (ω3) varied between 14.00-28.51% with an average of 19.20%; arachidic acid ranged from 0.75-1.63% and the average was 1.97%; eicosenoic acid ranged between 0.13-0.65% and averaged 0.33%; palmitoleic acid contents ranged from 0.08-0.60; behenic acid varied between 0.08-0.19% with 0.11% average. It was observed that the (ω3/ω6 ratio of the hybrid rose, which is especially used as a landscape rose and whose fruits are not evaluated, had an average value. R. canina 'Yildiz' cultivar showed a high (ω3/ω6 ratio, which is important in health terms. The high oleic acid contents found in these taxa are important results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de cinco métodos de cocción (vapor, plancha, horno, microondas, fritado) en las características fisicoquímicas, valor nutricional y aceptabilidad sensorial de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de origen piscícola. Se aplicó una encuesta a 307 consumidores para definir la formulación de la solución de adobado constituida por sal, ajos, comino y pimienta. Los filetes marinados en esta solución fueron cocinados por cada método y se registraron fotografías para la determinación de los perfiles sensoriales mediante el método CATA (Check All That Apply), así como la aceptabilidad de la apariencia mediante la evaluación virtual (n = 289) y presencial (n = 100). En ambas modalidades se encontró una similitud entre los mapas de atributos sensoriales para el fritado, horneado y a la plancha. Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en la composición proximal entre las técnicas estudiadas como consecuencia de los parámetros tecnológicos de cocción. El fritado y microondas obtuvieron la mayor aceptabilidad en apariencia y ocasionaron un incremento del índice de peróxido. La relación n-6/n-3 para ambas técnicas (3,62 y 2,05) se ubicó dentro del requerimiento, siendo mayor en la fritura debido al predominio de ácidos grasos Omega 6 incorporados por el aceite empleado. La elección de estos dos métodos demuestra que el consumidor peruano aprueba técnicas caracterizadas por la facilidad de preparación y un marcado desarrollo de atributos de color y textura.

El Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo del Cerdo (PRRS) es una enfermedad endémica en porcinos que tiende a la cronicidad. Los esfuerzos se centran en prevención y control para minimizar el daño, pues no existe tratamiento. Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y oleorresina de cúrcuma y capsicum (EP, extractos de plantas) en la alimentación de cerdas reproductoras afectadas con PRRS sobre su desempeño productivo, de salud y en su progenie. Cuarenta y ocho cerdas de primer parto se distribuyeron al azar en cuatro tratamientos (Tr1, testigo; Tr2, DHA; Tr3, EP; Tr4, DHA+EP). El ensayo con el segundo parto siguió el mismo diseño. Tr3 y Tr4 obtuvieron más peso de lechones al nacer en ambos partos (P < 0.05) que los demás. En ambos partos, la adición de DHA y EP resultó en menos cantidad de momias (P < 0.05) y menor costo que los otros tratamientos. Tr3 tuvo mayor número de lechones vivos en ambos partos, mientras que Tr4 solo en el segundo parto (P0.05); pero Tr2 superó a los demás en el segundo parto (P>0.05). Por ELISA, todos los cerdos desarrollaron anticuerpos contra PRRS. Los grupos que recibieron DHA y/o EP tuvieron concentraciones séricas de IgG superiores al testigo (P

Objetivo. Comparar la composición de ácidos grasos (FA) en la carne Wagyu y sus cruzas con Angus, Beefmaster, Brangus y Hereford, y analizar su relación con marcadores genéticos del metabolismo lipídico. Materiales y metodos. Se colectaron 111 muestras de Longissimus dorsi, las cuales se agruparon por grupo genético, se cuantificaron los FA (cromatografía de gases líquidos) y se tipificaron marcadores de ADN asociados teóricamente a FA. Se examinó el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y desequilibrio de ligamiento de los marcadores y se estimó el efecto de las cruzas y el efecto de los genotipos. Resultados. Las cruzas no mostraron diferencias substanciales en la composición de FA con respecto a Wagyu. Nueve SNPs mostraron asociación con la composición de FA, y se encontró un efecto importante en el marcador SLC2A4 ss62538460, el cual influyó sobre SFA, MUFA y MUFA/SFA. Los marcadores, PLTP ss77832104 y IGF2R ss77831885 influyeron sobre C16:0, MYOZ1 ss77832104 sobre C17:1 y PPARGC1A c.1892+19 sobre C18:2. Además, se comprobaron efectos previamente descritos de MEF2C ss38329156 y SCD c.878. Conclusiones. Los presentes resultados representan una de las primeras evidencias sobre la deposición de FA en ganado Wagyu y sus cruzas y propone algunos loci en genes candidatos con posibilidad de implementación en estrategias de mejoramiento asistido.

Resumen Los aceites vegetales son componentes importantes en la alimentación humana y debido a sus componentes dependiendo de su origen y tipo de procesamiento están relacionadas con la salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un estudio comparativo del comportamiento de los aceites de semilla de calabaza y semilla de zapallo cuando son sometidas a tratamiento térmico en relación a un aceite comercial. Para este propósito se han obtenido los aceites de las semillas de zapallo y calabaza, mediante extracción con C02 supercrítico y el aceite comercial fue el de soya obtenido del mercado local. Estos aceites se sometieron a un tratamiento térmico a diferentes temperaturas (20°C, 120°C, 150°C, 180°C y 200°C) luego a un tratamiento térmico a 180°C a diferentes tiempos de calentamiento (0 min, 10 min, 30 min, 60 min y 120 min), en cada caso se determinaron sus características fisicoquímicas (Índice de acidez, Índice de peróxidos, Índice de refracción y compuestos polares) y para la determinación de ácidos grasos esenciales se sometieron a tratamiento térmico hasta 240°C. Se encontró diferencias significativas los parámetros fisicoquímicos y contenido de ácidos grasos en los tres aceites, el aceite de soya presenta mejor estabilidad de su calidad fisicoquímica (Índice de acidez e índice de peróxidos) hasta 150°C, los aceites de semilla de calabaza y zapallo presentan estabilidad hasta 120°C, los compuestos polares a 180°C x 120 minutos presentan porcentajes de 13,5% en soya, 16% en zapallo y 15,5% en calabaza, los ácidos grasos en los tres aceites (a 240°C) presentan disminución en los insaturados e incremento en los saturados. Se concluye que los aceites de semilla de calabaza y zapallo son menos estables que el aceite comercial, se recomienda que su consumo debe realizarse en frio o máximo a 120°C para garantizar su calidad consumible.

The present work evaluated the impact of microwave pre-treatment on the storage stability, fatty acids and triacylglycerol contents in black cumin seed oil (BCO) during storage at 62 ºC. During storage, the oxidative indicator values (free acidity, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX, specific extinctions and thiobarbituric acid) for the oils increased faster in untreated oil samples than in the microwaved samples. The degradation rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and triacylglycerol species (LLL and OLL) during storage were higher in untreated samples compared to treated ones, indicating that oxidation proceeded more slowly in the treated samples. During storage, the generation of hydroperoxides, their degradation and the formation of secondary oxidation products as investigated by FTIR, were lower in the treated oils. In conclusion, microwave pre-treatment prior to oil extraction reduced the oxidative degradation of oil samples, thereby increasing the storage stability of BCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La investigación tuvo como objetivo el determinar la ingesta dietética de ácidos grasos Omega 3, 6 y 9 en adultos de Panamá. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 316 personas de ambos sexos, entre los 18 y 50 años. Se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo semi-cuantitativo de alimentos en línea por dos meses. Los datos sociodemográficos también se recopilaron mediante un formulario de Google a través de Internet. La ingesta fue estimada utilizando la tabla de composición de ácidos grasos de Costa Rica y modelos de porciones de alimentos fuentes de estos ácidos grasos. La mediana y rango intercuartiles para el consumo diario de Omega-3 fue de 0.89 (1.22) g/día; de Omega-6 de 12.56 (16.78) g/día; y de Omega-9 de 16.23 (18.54) g/día. Las carnes y derivados, así como los aceites y grasas son las principales fuentes de ácidos grasos Omega-3, 6 y 9 de la dieta, siendo Omega-3 de 1.15 (2.16) g/día, Omega-6 de 53.93 (101.13) g/día y Omega-9 de 39.32 (68.26) g/día para aceites; y, Omega-3 de 1.44 (1.32) g/día, Omega-6 de 14.78 (14.93) g/día y Omega-9 de 38.73 (37.12) g/día, para carnes. La mediana de la razón de consumo de Omega-6/Omega-3 fue de 15.2:1 g/día; para Omega-9/Omega-3 fue de 23.5:1 g/día; y para Omega-9/Omega-6 fue de 1.27:1 g/día. En conclusión, se observa un bajo consumo de Omega-3 y alto consumo de Omega-6 y Omega 9; sobre todo en el interior del país y en niveles de educación más bajo.

The genus Ocotea of the Lauraceae family has species whose wood is employed in construction and for other purposes including as biofuel, for disinfection, cosmetics, and in the treatment of various diseases. Studies regarding Ocotea caudata's phytochemical and pharmacognostic uses are scarce, thus, this work is the first to study its fruits. O. caudata (Nees) Mez fruits from Colombia were investigated for their oil content. Heptane extraction from O. caudata fruit oil yielded 54.9 % of total lipids, where the fatty acid composition was determined. The oil analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) demonstrated that lauric acid was the most abundant fatty acid (51.7 %, C12:0). In addition to lauric acid, oleic acid (23.6 %, C18:1) and palmitic acid (16.6 %, C16:0) were found. The fatty acid composition was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). O. caudata can be considered as a species that accumulates medium-chain saturated fatty acids (C12) and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (C18). In conclusion, many of its health benefits may be due to its high content of lauric acid. Therefore, this oil is highly regarded for its nutritional and health properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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