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1. Existence of SARS-Cov-2 RNA on ambient particulate matter samples: a nationwide study in Turkey

Author

Kayalar, Özgecan; Konyalılar, Nur; Doğan, Özlem (ORCID 0000-0002-6505-4582 & YÖK ID 170418); Can, Füsun (ORCID 0000-0001-9387-2526 & YÖK ID 103165); Babuççu, Gizem; Bayram, Hasan (ORCID 0000-0002-5236-766X & YÖK ID 4890), Arı, Akif; Şahin, A. Ülkü; Gaga, O. Eftade; Kuzu, S. Levent; Arı Ertürk, Pelin; Odabaşı, Mustafa; Taşdemir, Yücel; Cindoruk, S. Sıddık; Esen, Fatma; Çalışkan, Burak; Sakin, Egemen; Tecer, H. Lokman; Fıçıcı, Merve; Altın, Ahmet; Onat, Burcu; Ayvaz, Coşkun; Uzun, Burcu; Saral, Arslan; Döğeroğlu, Tuncay; Malkoç, Semra; Üzmez, Ö. Özlem; Kunt, Fatma; Aydın, Senar; Kara, Melik; Yaman, Barış; Doğan, Güray; Olgun, Bihter; Dokumacı, N. Ebru; Güllü, Gülen; Uzunpınar, S. Elif, Kayalar, Özgecan; Konyalılar, Nur; Doğan, Özlem (ORCID 0000-0002-6505-4582 & YÖK ID 170418); Can, Füsun (ORCID 0000-0001-9387-2526 & YÖK ID 103165); Babuççu, Gizem; Bayram, Hasan (ORCID 0000-0002-5236-766X & YÖK ID 4890), and Arı, Akif; Şahin, A. Ülkü; Gaga, O. Eftade; Kuzu, S. Levent; Arı Ertürk, Pelin; Odabaşı, Mustafa; Taşdemir, Yücel; Cindoruk, S. Sıddık; Esen, Fatma; Çalışkan, Burak; Sakin, Egemen; Tecer, H. Lokman; Fıçıcı, Merve; Altın, Ahmet; Onat, Burcu; Ayvaz, Coşkun; Uzun, Burcu; Saral, Arslan; Döğeroğlu, Tuncay; Malkoç, Semra; Üzmez, Ö. Özlem; Kunt, Fatma; Aydın, Senar; Kara, Melik; Yaman, Barış; Doğan, Güray; Olgun, Bihter; Dokumacı, N. Ebru; Güllü, Gülen; Uzunpınar, S. Elif

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been affecting the world since the end of 2019. The disease led to significant mortality and morbidity in Turkey, since the first case was reported on March 11th, 2020. Studies suggest a positive association between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ambient particulate matters (PM), as potential carriers for SARS-CoV-2. Ambient PM samples in various size ranges were collected from 13 sites including urban and urban-background locations and hospital gardens in 10 cities across Turkey between 13th of May and 14th of June 2020 to investigate the possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on ambient PM. A total of 203 daily samples (TSP, n = 80; PM2.5, n = 33; PM2.5-10, n = 23; PM10?m, n = 19; and 6 size segregated PM, n = 48) were collected using various samplers. The N1 gene and RdRP gene expressions were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). According to real time (RT)-PCR and three-dimensional (3D) digital (d) PCR analysis, dual RdRP and N1 gene positivity were detected in 20 (9.8%) samples. Ambient PM-bound SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed quantitatively and the air concentrations of the virus ranged from 0.1 copies/m3 to 23 copies/m3. The highest percentages of virus detection on PM samples were from hospital gardens in Tekirdağ, Zonguldak, and Istanbul, especially in PM2.5 mode. Findings of this study have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may be transported by ambient particles, especially at sites close to the infection hot-spots. However, whether this has an impact on the spread of the virus infection remains to be determined.

Published
2021

2. Existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on ambient particulate matter samples: A nationwide study in Turkey

Author

Fatma Kunt, Pelin Ertürk Arı, Elif S. Uzunpınar, Senar Aydın, Gülen Güllü, Nur Konyalilar, Akif Arı, Ozlem Dogan, Semra Malkoç, Ebru N. Dokumacı, Burcu Onat, Burak Çalışkan, S. Sıddık Cindoruk, Fatma Esen, Gizem Babuççu, Coşkun Ayvaz, Güray Doğan, Bihter Olgun, Baris Yaman, Ahmet Altin, Fusun Can, Özlem Özden Üzmez, Mustafa Odabasi, Hasan Bayram, Lokman Hakan Tecer, Melik Kara, Ülkü Alver Şahin, S. Levent Kuzu, Merve Fıçıcı, Arslan Saral, Tuncay Döğeroğlu, Egemen Sakın, Yücel Tasdemir, Burcu Uzun, Özgecan Kayalar, Eftade O. Gaga, BAİBÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Arı, Akif, Arı, Pelin Ertürk, Kayalar, Özgecan, Konyalılar, Nur, Doğan, Özlem (ORCID 0000-0002-6505-4582 & YÖK ID 170418), Can, Füsun (ORCID 0000-0001-9387-2526 & YÖK ID 103165), Babuççu, Gizem, Bayram, Hasan (ORCID 0000-0002-5236-766X & YÖK ID 4890), Şahin, A. Ülkü, Gaga, O. Eftade, Kuzu, S. Levent, Arı Ertürk, Pelin, Odabaşı, Mustafa, Taşdemir, Yücel, Cindoruk, S. Sıddık, Esen, Fatma, Çalışkan, Burak, Sakin, Egemen, Tecer, H. Lokman, Fıçıcı, Merve, Altın, Ahmet, Onat, Burcu, Ayvaz, Coşkun, Uzun, Burcu, Saral, Arslan, Döğeroğlu, Tuncay, Malkoç, Semra, Üzmez, Ö. Özlem, Kunt, Fatma, Aydın, Senar, Kara, Melik, Yaman, Barış, Doğan, Güray, Olgun, Bihter, Dokumacı, N. Ebru, Güllü, Gülen, Uzunpınar, S. Elif, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM), Koç Üniversitesi İş Bankası Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (EHAM) / Koç University İşbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KU-IS CID), School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Health Sciences

Subjects
Pollutants, Veterinary medicine, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Turkey, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viruses, Air pollution, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Virus, Article, Pm2.5, Urban background, medicine, Urban, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Cities, Waste Management and Disposal, Pcr analysis, 3D-dPCR, Airborne, Particulate matter, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza-Virus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, RNA, COVID-19, Particulates, Pollution, Virus detection, RNA, Viral, Particulate Matter, Environmental sciences, Ecology, Covid-19
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been affecting the world since the end of 2019. The disease led to significant mortality and morbidity in Turkey, since the first case was reported on March 11th, 2020. Studies suggest a positive association between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ambient particulate matters (PM), as potential carriers for SARS-CoV-2. Ambient PM samples in various size ranges were collected from 13 sites including urban and urban-background locations and hospital gardens in 10 cities across Turkey between 13th of May and 14th of June 2020 to investigate the possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on ambient PM. A total of 203 daily samples (TSP, n = 80; PM2.5, n = 33; PM2.5-10, n = 23; PM10?m, n = 19; and 6 size segregated PM, n = 48) were collected using various samplers. The N1 gene and RdRP gene expressions were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). According to real time (RT)-PCR and three-dimensional (3D) digital (d) PCR analysis, dual RdRP and N1 gene positivity were detected in 20 (9.8%) samples. Ambient PM-bound SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed quantitatively and the air concentrations of the virus ranged from 0.1 copies/m3 to 23 copies/m3. The highest percentages of virus detection on PM samples were from hospital gardens in Tekirdağ, Zonguldak, and Istanbul, especially in PM2.5 mode. Findings of this study have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may be transported by ambient particles, especially at sites close to the infection hot-spots. However, whether this has an impact on the spread of the virus infection remains to be determined., Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)

Published
2021

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