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Objective: Neurofibromatosis (NF) is associated with multiple nerve tumors mostly presenting at young or even adolescent age. Neuropathy is a further frequent symptom in NF and may be related to schwannoma / neurofibroma formation or may occur independently. This study is designed to identify factors[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 72. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Polnischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

In our study, we aimed at investigating corneal langerhans cells (LC) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) as potential contributors to corneal small fiber pathology. We enrolled women with FMS (n = 134) and SFN (n = 41) who underwent neurological examination, neurophysiology, prostaglandin analysis in tear fluid, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Data were compared with those of 60 age‐matched female controls. After screening for dry eye disease, corneal LC were counted and sub‐classified as dendritic (dLC) and non‐dendritic (ndLC) cells with or without nerve fiber association. We further analyzed corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), length (CNFL), and branch density (CNBD). Neurological examination indicated deficits of small fiber function in patients with SFN. Nerve conduction studies were normal in all participants. Dry eye disease was more prevalent in FMS (17%) and SFN (28%) patients than in controls (5%). Tear fluid prostaglandin levels did not differ between FMS patients and controls. While corneal LC density in FMS and SFN patients was not different from controls, there were fewer dLC in association with nerve fibers in FMS and SFN patients than in controls (P

Introduction: Hypohidrosis and heat intolerance, frequently reported by men and women with Fabry disease (FD), is thought to be related not only to the deposition of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in eccrine sweat glands, but also to reduced sweat gland sympathetic innervation. Methods: We performed a case-control study to compare the density of sweat gland innervation between patients with FD and healthy controls by examining lower leg skin punch biopsies. We used a standardized grid of circles superimposed upon the immunofluorescent specimen to create a simple pattern of circles over the sweat gland. Nerve fibers that crossed within the circles were manually counted (“crossed circles”). Nerve fibers that touched the edge of the circle but did not enter were spared (“uncrossed circles”). The percentage of crossed circles from all circles was determined. Results: Biopsy specimens were available of 37 FD patients (median age 44 years, 19–67; n = 18 men) and 16 controls (median age 48 years, 24–83, n = 7 men). Totally there were 153 sweat glands from FD patients and 63 from controls, in which innervation was quantified. While mean sweat gland innervation per biopsy did not differ between the entire FD cohort and controls, data stratification for the reported sweating phenotype revealed a stepwise lower innervation in women with FD and hypohidrosis (n.s.) and anhidrosis (p < .05) compared to women reporting normal sweating. Conclusion: Sweat gland innervation is reduced in women with FD and anhidrosis compared to female patients without sweating impairment. Loss of sweat gland innervation may play a role in FD associated anhidrosis, at least in women. © 2018

В связи с перебоями в поставках агалсидазы бета в 2009 г. многие пациенты с болезнью Фабри (БФ) были переведены на терапию меньшими дозами этого фермента или на лечение другим ферментом агалсидазой альфа. В настоящем наблюдательном исследовании проведена оценка изменения состояния «таргетных» органов и симптомов, возникающих вследствие снижения доз или смены препарата на агалсидазу альфа. Под наблюдением находились 105 взрослых пациентов с БФ, получавшие агалсидазу бета (в дозе 1 мг / кг массы тела) в течение 1 года и более, которые были неслучайным образом разделены на тех, кто продолжил лечение по данной схеме (группа обычных доз, n = 38), тех, кому доза была снижена до 0,3-0,5 мг / кг (группа сниженных доз, n = 29), и тех, которые были переведены на лечение агалсидазой альфа в дозе 0,2 мг / кг (группа смены фермента), с последующим проспективным наблюдением в течение 1 года. Оценивались клинические события (смерть, инфаркт миокарда, тяжелая аритмия, инсульт, прогрессирование до терминальной стадии почечной недостаточности); изменения функции сердца и почек, неврологический статус и симптомы, связанные с БФ (невропатическая боль, гипогидроз, диарея и тяжесть заболевания). В группе обычных доз функциональное состояние органов и симптомы, связанные с БФ, оставались стабильными. В группе сниженных доз отмечено уменьшение рассчитанной скорости клубочковой фильтрации примерно на 3 мл / мин / 1,73 м2 (p = 0,01), а в группе смены препарата повышение медианного соотношения альбумин / креатинин со 114 (0-606) мг / г до 216 (0-2062) мг / г (p = 0,03). Кроме того, в группах сниженных доз и смены препарата обнаруживалось существенное повышение средних оценок по индексу оценки тяжести Майнц и частоты приступов боли, хронической боли, боли в желудочно-кишечном тракте и диареи. У пациентов, получавших агалсидазу бета в обычных дозах, наблюдали стабильное течение болезни, в то время как снижение доз привело к ухудшению функции почек и усугублению симптомов. Переход на агалсидазу альфа безопасен, однако возможны прогрессирование микроальбуминурии и усиление выраженности симптомов БФ.

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a clinically well-defined chronic condition of unknown etiology characterized by chronic widespread pain that often co-exists with sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Patients often report high disability levels and poor quality of life (QOL). Drug therapy focuses on reducing key symptoms and improving quality of life. Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) compared with placebo for treating FMS symptoms in adults. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 9), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2012), EMBASE (1980 to September 2012), www.clinicalstudyresults.org (U.S.-marketed pharmaceuticals) (to September 2012) and www.clinicaltrials.gov (to September 2012) for published and ongoing trials and examined the reference lists of reviewed articles. Selection criteria: We selected randomized, controlled trials of any formulation of SNRIs against placebo for the treatment of FMS in adults. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently extracted the data from the included studies, and assessed the risks of bias of the studies. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Main results: Ten studies were included with a total of 6038 participants. Five studies investigated duloxetine against placebo, and five investigated milnacipran against placebo. A total of 3611 participants were included into duloxetine or milnacipran groups and 2427 participants into placebo groups. The studies had a low risk of bias in general. Duloxetine and milnacipran had a small incremental effect over placebo in reducing pain (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.29 to -0.18; 6.1% relative improvement). One-hundred and ninety-two participants per 1000 on placebo reported an at least 50% pain reduction compared to 280 per 1000 on SNRIs (Risk ratio (RR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.64; number needed to treat to benefit (NNTB) 11, 95% CI 9 to 15). Duloxetine and milnacipran did not reduce fatigue substantially (SMD -0.14; 95% CI -0.19 to -0.08; 2.5% relative improvement; NNTB 17, 95% CI 12 to 29), and did not improve QOL substantially (SMD -0.20; 95% CI -0.25 to -0.14; 4.6% relative improvement; NNTB 12, 95% CI 9 to 17) compared to placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between either duloxetine or milnacipran and placebo in reducing sleep problems (SMD -0.07; 95% CI -0.16 to 0.03; 2.5% relative improvement). One-hundred and seven participants per 1000 on placebo dropped out due to adverse events compared to 196 per 1000 on SNRIs. The dropout rate due to adverse events in the duloxetine and milnacipran groups was statistically significantly higher than in placebo groups (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.18; number needed to treat to harm (NNTH) 11, 95% CI 9 to 13). There was no statistically significant difference in serious adverse events between either duloxetine or milnacipran and placebo (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.12). Authors' conclusions: The SNRIs duloxetine and milnacipran provided a small incremental benefit over placebo in reducing pain. The superiority of duloxetine and milnacipran over placebo in reducing fatigue and limitations of QOL was not substantial. Duloxetine and milnacipran were not superior to placebo in reducing sleep problems. The dropout rates due to adverse events were higher for duloxetine and milnacipran than for placebo. The most frequently reported symptoms leading to stopping medication were nausea, dry mouth, constipation, headache, somnolence/dizziness and insomnia. Rare complications of both drugs may include suicidality, liver damage, abnormal bleeding, elevated blood pressure and urinary hesitation. © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration.